Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2). A filing fee of $17,104, calculated in accordance with Rule 457(r), has been transmitted to the SEC in connection with the offering of common stock pursuant to the registration statement (File No. 333-132393) by means of this prospectus supplement.
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated May 5, 2006)
2,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
We are selling 2,000,000 shares of our common stock. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol KRC. The last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE on May 8, 2006 was $70.81 per share. Our principal executive offices are located at 12200 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, California 90064. Our telephone number is (310) 481-8400.
Shares of our common stock are subject to certain restrictions on ownership and transfer designed to preserve our qualification as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. See Description of Capital Stock Restrictions on ownership and transfer of our capital stock in the accompanying prospectus.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors on page S-1 of this prospectus supplement to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.
Per Share |
Total | |||||
Public offering price |
$ | 69.50 | $ | 139,000,000 | ||
Underwriting discounts and commissions |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 2,340,000 | ||
Proceeds to us (before expenses) |
$ | 68.33 | $ | 136,660,000 |
In addition to the discounts and commissions payable by us, the underwriter will receive a commission equivalent from investors in the amount of $0.05 for each share of common stock sold to those investors in the offering.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The shares of common stock will be ready for delivery in book-entry form through The Depository Trust Company on or about May 12, 2006.
We have granted the underwriter an option to purchase a maximum of 300,000 additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments, if any, exercisable at any time until 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement.
BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC
The date of this prospectus supplement is May 9, 2006.
Prospectus Supplement
Page | ||
S-1 | ||
S-1 | ||
S-1 | ||
S-6 | ||
Prospectus | ||
Page | ||
1 | ||
1 | ||
Consolidated Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends |
2 | |
3 | ||
5 | ||
5 | ||
18 | ||
18 | ||
Description of Material Provisions of the Partnership Agreement of Kilroy Realty, L.P. |
22 | |
Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws |
30 | |
36 | ||
53 | ||
56 | ||
57 | ||
57 | ||
57 | ||
58 |
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus supplement to we, us, our or our company mean Kilroy Realty Corporation, including our consolidated subsidiaries.
You may rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we may prepare in connection with this offering. Neither we nor the underwriter has authorized anyone to provide anyone with information or make any representation that is different. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither this prospectus supplement nor the accompanying prospectus nor any such free writing prospectus is an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which it relates. Neither this prospectus supplement nor the accompanying prospectus nor any such free writing prospectus is an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the accompany prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we may prepare in connection with this offering is correct on any date after their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those respective dates.
S-i
Investment in our common stock involves risks. Before acquiring any common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, you should carefully consider the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we may prepare in connection with this offering, including, without limitation, the risks of an investment in our company set forth under the captions Item 1A. Risk Factors in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 5, 2006 and under the caption Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2006 filed with the SEC, and as described in any amendment to the foregoing documents or our other filings with the SEC. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or a part of your investment in our common stock. Please also refer to the section in the accompanying prospectus entitled Forward-Looking Statements.
We expect that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $136.1 million, or approximately $156.6 million if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and our estimated expenses. We will contribute the net proceeds from this offering to our subsidiary, Kilroy Realty, L.P., which we sometimes refer to as the operating partnership, in exchange for units of common partnership interest in the operating partnership. The operating partnership intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund a portion of its development pipeline and for other general corporate purposes. Pending application of the net proceeds for the foregoing purposes, the operating partnership intends to use all of the net proceeds to temporarily repay borrowings under its $550 million unsecured revolving credit facility. As of April 30, 2006, these borrowings under the revolving credit facility bore interest at a weighted average rate of LIBOR plus 95 basis points annually. The proceeds from these borrowings under the revolving credit facility were used to fund the operating partnerships development program and for general corporate purposes. The borrowings under the revolving credit facility mature on April 26, 2010. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility that are repaid with the net proceeds from this offering may be reborrowed, subject to customary conditions. Banc of America Securities LLC, the underwriter of this offering, is joint lead arranger and joint book runner, and an affiliate of the underwriter is a lender and a syndication agent under the operating partnerships unsecured credit facility. Because all of the net proceeds from this offering will be applied to temporarily repay borrowings under that credit facility, this affiliate of the underwriter will receive a portion of those net proceeds through the repayment of those borrowings. See Underwriting.
We are offering the shares of common stock described in this prospectus supplement through Banc of America Securities LLC, as underwriter. We have entered into a firm commitment underwriting agreement with the underwriter. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter has agreed to purchase, 2,000,000 shares of our common stock.
The underwriting agreement is subject to a number of terms and conditions and provides that the underwriter must buy all of the shares if it buys any of them. The underwriter will sell the shares to the public when and if the underwriter buys the shares from us.
The underwriter initially will offer the shares to the public at the price specified on the cover page of this prospectus supplement. If all the shares are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriter may change the
S-1
public offering price and the other selling terms. The common stock is offered subject to a number of conditions, including:
| receipt and acceptance of the common stock by the underwriter; and |
| the underwriters right to reject orders in whole or in part. |
Option to Purchase Additional Shares. We have granted the underwriter an option to purchase up to 300,000 additional shares of our common stock at the same price per share as it is paying for the shares referred to above. These additional shares would cover sales by the underwriter which exceed the total number of shares referred to above. The underwriter may exercise this option at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, and one or more times, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement to cover over-allotments, if any. We will pay the expenses associated with any exercise of the option.
Discounts and Commissions. The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriter by us. These amounts are shown assuming no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares.
Paid by Us | ||||||
No Exercise |
Full Exercise | |||||
Per Share |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 1.17 | ||
Total |
$ | 2,340,000 | $ | 2,691,000 | ||
We estimate that the expenses of the offering to be paid by us, not including underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $600,000.
In addition to the discounts and commissions payable by us, the underwriter will receive a commission equivalent from investors in the amount of $0.05 for each share of common stock sold to those investors in this offering.
Listing. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol KRC.
Stabilization. In connection with this offering, the underwriter may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock, including:
| stabilizing transactions; |
| short sales; |
| syndicate covering transactions; |
| imposition of penalty bids; and |
| purchases to cover positions created by short sales. |
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock while this offering is in progress. Stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of our common stock, which involves the sale by the underwriter of a greater number of shares of common stock than it is required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing shares of common stock from us or in the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be covered shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters option to purchase additional shares referred to above, or may be naked shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of our common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
S-2
The underwriter may close out any covered short position either by exercising its option to purchase additional shares, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriter may purchase shares as referred to above.
A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To the extent that the underwriter creates a naked short position, it will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.
The underwriter also may impose a penalty bid on dealers participating in the offering. This means that the underwriter may reclaim from any dealer participating in the offering the selling concession on shares sold by it and purchased by the underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result of these activities, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriter commences these activities, it may discontinue them at any time. The underwriter may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Lock-up Agreements. We, certain of our executive officers, our Chairman of the Board and the operating partnership have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriter. Under these agreements, subject to exceptions, we may not issue any new shares of common stock, the operating partnership may not issue any new common partnership units, and we, the operating partnership and those individuals may not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of or hedge any common stock or common partnership units or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock or publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing, without the prior written consent of Banc of America Securities LLC for a period of 60 days from the date of this prospectus supplement. This consent may be given at any time without public notice. In addition, during this 60-day restricted period, we and the operating partnership have also agreed not to file any registration statement for any shares of common stock or common partnership units or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock without the prior consent of Banc of America Securities LLC. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (x) during the last 17 days of the 60-day restricted period we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs, or (y) prior to the expiration of the 60-day restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 60-day restricted period, the restrictions described above in this paragraph shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event unless Banc of America Securities LLC waives such extension in writing. This waiver may be given at any time without notice.
Indemnification. We and the operating partnership will indemnify the underwriter against some liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. If we and the operating partnership are unable to provide this indemnification, we and the operating partnership will contribute to payments the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Selling Restrictions. The underwriter intends to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which it acquires, offers, sells or delivers shares of common stock offered hereby (the Securities) or has in its possession or distributes this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the Relevant Implementation Date), an offer of the
S-3
Securities to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the Securities which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any Securities may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive if they have been implemented in the Relevant Member State:
(a) | to legal entities which are authorised or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorised or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities; |
(b) | to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than 43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than 50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; |
(c) | to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors, as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriter for any such offer; or |
(d) | in any other circumstances falling within Article 3 (2) of the Prospectus Directive. |
provided that no such offer of Securities shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or the underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an offer of Securities to the public in relation to any Securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the Securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.
No prospectus (including any amendment, supplement or replacement thereto) has been prepared in connection with the offering of the Securities that has been approved by the Autorité des marchés financiers or by the competent authority of another State that is a contracting party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and notified to the Autorité des marchés financiers; no Securities have been offered or sold and will be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France except to permitted investors (Permitted Investors) consisting of persons licensed to provide the investment service of portfolio management for the account of third parties, qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) acting for their own account and/or investors belonging to a limited circle of investors (cercle restreint dinvestisseurs) acting for their own account, with qualified investors and limited circle of investors having the meaning ascribed to them in Articles L. 411-2, D. 411-1, D. 411-2, D. 734-1, D. 744-1, D. 754-1 and D. 764-1 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder; none of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any other materials related to the offering or information contained therein relating to the Securities has been released, issued or distributed to the public in France except to Permitted Investors; and the direct or indirect resale to the public in France of any Securities acquired by any Permitted Investors may be made only as provided by Articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L. 621-8-3 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder.
The underwriter has acknowledged to us that:
| it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the FSMA)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the Securities in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and |
S-4
| it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the Securities in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom. |
This document is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) to investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Order) or (iii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as relevant persons). The Securities are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such Securities will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.
The offering of the Securities has not been cleared by the Italian Securities Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa, the CONSOB) pursuant to Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, the underwriter has acknowledged to us that the Securities may not and will not be offered, sold or delivered, nor may or will copies of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other documents relating to the Securities be distributed in Italy, except (i) to professional investors (operatori qualificati), as defined in Article 31, second paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11522 of July 1, 1998, as amended, (the Regulation No. 11522), or (ii) in other circumstances which are exempted from the rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to Article 100 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998 (the Financial Service Act) and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended.
Any offer, sale or delivery of the Securities or distribution of copies of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other document relating to the Securities in Italy may and will be effected in accordance with all Italian securities, tax, exchange control and other applicable laws and regulations, and, in particular, will be: (i) made by an investment firm, bank or financial intermediary permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with the Financial Services Act, Legislative Decree No. 385 of September 1, 1993, as amended (the Italian Banking Law), Regulation No. 11522, and any other applicable laws and regulations; (ii) in compliance with Article 129 of the Italian Banking Law and the implementing guidelines of the Bank of Italy; and (iii) in compliance with any other applicable notification requirement or limitation which may be imposed by CONSOB or the Bank of Italy.
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the information contained herein and therein are intended only for the use of its recipient and, unless in circumstances which are exempted from the rules on solicitation of investments pursuant to Article 100 of the Financial Service Act and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended, is not to be distributed, for any reason, to any third party resident or located in Italy. No person resident or located in Italy other than the original recipients of this document may rely on it or its content.
Italy has only partially implemented the Prospectus Directive, and the provisions relating to the European Economic Area described above shall apply with respect to Italy only to the extent that the relevant provisions of the Prospectus Directive have already been implemented in Italy.
Insofar as the requirements above are based on laws which are superseded at any time pursuant to the implementation of the Prospectus Directive, such requirements shall be replaced by the applicable requirements under the Prospectus Directive.
Any investor purchasing the Securities in the offering is solely responsible for ensuring that any offer or resale of the Securities it purchased in the offering occurs in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Online Offering. A prospectus supplement with the accompanying prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by the underwriter. Other than the prospectus supplement with the
S-5
accompanying prospectus in electronic format, the information on any such web site, or accessible through any such web site, is not part of the prospectus supplement or accompanying prospectus. The underwriter may allocate a number of shares for sale to its online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions by the underwriter will be made on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, shares may be sold by the underwriter to securities dealers who resell shares to online brokerage account holders.
Conflicts/Affiliates. The underwriter and its affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services to us and our affiliates for which services they have received, and may in the future receive, customary fees. In that regard, the underwriter is joint lead arranger and joint book runner, and an affiliate of the underwriter is a lender and a syndication agent, under the operating partnerships unsecured revolving credit facility. Because all of the net proceeds from this offering will be applied to temporarily repay borrowings under that credit facility, this affiliate of the underwriter will receive a portion of those net proceeds through the repayment of those borrowings.
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP, Los Angeles, California. Certain legal matters relating to Maryland law, including the validity of the issuance of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement, will be passed upon for us by Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidley Austin LLP, San Francisco, California, will act as counsel for the underwriter.
S-6
PROSPECTUS
KILROY REALTY CORPORATION
Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares and Warrants
We may offer from time to time in one or more series or classes (i) shares of our common stock, par value $.01 per share, (ii) shares or fractional shares of our preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, (iii) shares of our preferred stock represented by depositary shares and (iv) warrants to purchase preferred stock or common stock, referred to collectively in this prospectus as the offered securities, separately or together, in separate series in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus.
The specific terms of the offered securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and will include, where applicable (i) in the case of common stock, the specific title and any initial public offering price; (ii) in the case of preferred stock, the specific title and any dividend, liquidation, redemption, conversion, voting and other rights and any initial public offering price; (iii) in the case of depositary shares, the fractional share of preferred stock represented by each such depositary share; and (iv) in the case of warrants, the duration, offering price, exercise price and detachability. In addition, such specific terms may include limitations on actual or constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer of the offered securities, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.
The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain information, where applicable, regarding certain material United States federal income tax consequences relating to, and regarding any listing on a securities exchange of, the offered securities covered by such prospectus supplement.
The offered securities may be offered directly, through agents we may designate from time to time or by, to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the offered securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them, will be set forth in, or will be calculable from the information set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. See Plan of Distribution. No offered securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such series of offered securities.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol KRC. On May 4, 2006, the last reported sales price of our common stock on the NYSE was $69.65 per share.
Investing in the offered securities involves risks. See Risk Factors on page 1 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is May 5, 2006.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to we, us, our or our company mean Kilroy Realty Corporation, including our consolidated subsidiaries.
You should rely only on the information contained in this document or incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information or make any representation that is different. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the offered securities to which it relates and this prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy offered securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is correct on any date after the date of the prospectus even though this prospectus is delivered or offered securities are sold pursuant to the prospectus at a later date. Since the date of the prospectus contained in this registration statement, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed.
i
Investment in the offered securities involves risks. Before acquiring any offered securities pursuant to this prospectus, you should carefully consider the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any accompanying prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the risks of an investment in our company set forth below and under the captions Item 1A. Risk Factors (or any similar caption) in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (or any similar caption) in our current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 5, 2006, or our most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC subsequent to May 5, 2006, and under the caption Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC subsequent to December 31, 2005, and as described in any amendment to the foregoing documents or our other filings with the SEC. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or a part of your investment in the offered securities. Please also refer to the section below entitled Forward-Looking Statements.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, including the documents that we incorporate by reference in each, contain forward-looking statements. Additionally, documents we subsequently file with the SEC and incorporate by reference will contain forward-looking statements. In particular, statements pertaining to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as believes, expects, may, will, should, seeks, approximately, intends, plans, pro forma, estimates or anticipates or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon various assumptions involving judgments with respect to the future and other risks, including among others:
| general economic conditions; |
| defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants, particularly any of our largest office tenants and our largest industrial tenants; |
| adverse economic or real estate developments in the Southern California region; |
| our ability to re-lease property at or above current market rates; |
| increased interest rates and operating costs; |
| significant competition, which may decrease the occupancy and rental rates of properties; |
| potential losses that may not be covered by insurance; |
| our ability to successfully complete acquisitions and operate acquired properties; |
| our ability to successfully complete development and redevelopment properties on schedule and within budgeted amounts; |
| fluctuations in availability and cost of construction materials and labor resulting from the effects of recent natural disasters and increased worldwide demand; |
| our ability to maintain our status as a REIT; |
| future terrorist activity in the United States or war; |
| adverse changes to, or implementations of, income tax laws, governmental regulations or legislation; |
| decreases in the population in geographic areas where our properties are located; |
| elevated utility costs and power outages in California; and |
| costs to comply with governmental regulations. |
You are cautioned not to unduly rely on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in more detail in our reports filed with the SEC as described under the caption Risk Factors in this prospectus.
1
CONSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES
AND PREFERRED DIVIDENDS
Our consolidated ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends for each of the periods indicated was as follows:
For the Quarter Ended |
For Fiscal Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||
Consolidated ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends |
1.42x | 0.83x | 1.37x | 1.73x | 1.25x | 1.25x | |||||||
Deficiency (in thousands) |
$ | 10,719 |
We have computed the consolidated ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends by dividing earnings by combined fixed charges and preferred dividends. Earnings consists of income from continuing operations before the effect of minority interest plus fixed charges and amortization of capitalized interest, reduced by capitalized interest and loan fees and distributions on Cumulative Redeemable Preferred units. Fixed charges consist of interest costs, whether expensed or capitalized, amortization of loan fees, an estimate of interest within rental expense, and distributions on Cumulative Redeemable Preferred units. For the year ended December 31, 2005, our earnings were inadequate to cover combined fixed charges and preferred dividends.
2
We are a REIT that owns, operates, develops and acquires Class A suburban office and industrial real estate in key suburban submarkets, primarily in Southern California, that we believe have strategic advantages and strong barriers to entry.
As of March 31, 2006, our stabilized portfolio of operating properties consisted of 86 office properties and 46 industrial properties, which we refer to together as our properties, which encompassed an aggregate of approximately 7.9 million and 4.4 million rentable square feet, respectively, and were 95% occupied. Our stabilized portfolio of operating properties consists of all of our office properties and industrial properties and excludes development and redevelopment properties currently under construction and lease-up properties.
We define lease-up properties as properties recently developed or redeveloped by us that have not yet reached 95% occupancy and are within one year following substantial completion. Lease-up properties are reclassified to land and improvements and building and improvements from construction in progress on the consolidated balance sheets upon building shell completion. As of March 31, 2006, we did not have any properties in the lease-up phase. As of March 31, 2006, we had two development projects, comprised of five buildings, under construction, which when completed are expected to encompass an aggregate of approximately 542,600 rentable square feet. These development projects are both located in San Diego County. As of March 31, 2006, we did not have any redevelopment projects under constructions.
We own our interests in all of our properties through Kilroy Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we sometimes refer to as the operating partnership, and Kilroy Realty Finance Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we sometimes refer to as the finance partnership, and conduct substantially all of our operations through the operating partnership. We owned a 91.1% general partnership interest in the operating partnership as of March 31, 2006. Kilroy Realty Finance, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner of the finance partnership and owns a 1.0% general partnership interest in the finance partnership. The operating partnership owns the remaining 99.0% limited partnership interest in the finance partnership. We conduct substantially all of our development activities through Kilroy Services, LLC, or KSLLC, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the operating partnership. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to we, us, our or our company include the operating partnership, the finance partnership, KSLLC and all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
3
The following diagram illustrates the structure of Kilroy Realty Corporation and our subsidiaries as of March 31, 2006:
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol KRC, our 7.80% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock under the symbol KRC-PE and our 7.50% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock under the symbol KRC-PF. Our principal executive offices are located at 12200 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, California 90064. Our telephone number is (310) 481-8400.
4
As general partner of the operating partnership, we are required under the terms and conditions of the partnership agreement (as defined below) to invest the net proceeds of any sale of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or warrants pursuant to this prospectus in the operating partnership. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the operating partnership intends to use such net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, the acquisition and development of properties and the repayment of debt. Net proceeds from the sale of the offered securities initially may be temporarily invested in short-term securities.
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of our capital stock and our rights agreement, dated as of October 2, 1998 between us and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C., as rights agent, or rights agreement, in this section. This summary of the material terms and provisions of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our charter and bylaws and our rights agreement, which we have previously filed with the SEC and which is incorporated herein by reference.
Common stock
General. Our charter authorizes us to issue 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of March 31, 2006, we had 29,792,228 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The 29,792,228 outstanding shares excludes the 2,892,448 shares of common stock, as of March 31, 2006, which we may issue in exchange for presently outstanding common units that may be tendered for redemption to the operating partnership.
Shares of our common stock:
| are entitled to one vote per share on all matters presented to stockholders generally for a vote, including the election of directors, with no right to cumulative voting; |
| do not have any conversion rights; |
| do not have any exchange rights; |
| do not have any sinking fund rights; |
| do not have any redemption rights; |
| do not have any appraisal rights; |
| do not have any preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities; and |
| are subject to restrictions on ownership and transfer. |
We may pay distributions on shares of common stock, subject to the preferential rights of our Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock, and, when issued, our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, and any other series or class of capital stock that we may issue in the future with rights to dividends and other distributions senior to our common stock. However, we may only pay distributions when our board of directors authorizes a distribution out of legally available funds. We make, and intend to continue to make, quarterly distributions on outstanding shares of common stock.
Our board of directors may:
| reclassify any unissued shares of common stock into other classes or series of capital stock; |
| establish the number of shares in each of these classes or series of capital stock; |
| establish any preference rights, conversion rights and other rights, including voting powers, of each of these classes or series of capital stock; |
| establish restrictions, such as limitations and restrictions on ownership, dividends or other distributions of each of these classes or series of capital stock; and |
| establish qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each of these classes or series of capital stock. |
5
Material provisions of Maryland General Corporation Law. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, our stockholders are generally not liable for our debts or obligations. If we liquidate, we will first pay all debts and other liabilities, including debts and liabilities arising out of our status as general partner of the operating partnership, and any preferential distributions on any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Each holder of common stock then will share ratably in our remaining assets. All shares of common stock have equal distribution, liquidation and voting rights, and have no preference or exchange rights, subject to the ownership limits in our charter or as permitted by our board of directors pursuant to executed waiver agreements.
Under the MGCL, we generally require approval by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to vote before we can:
| dissolve; |
| amend our charter; |
| merge; |
| sell all or substantially all of our assets; |
| engage in a share exchange; or |
| engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business. |
Because the term substantially all of a companys assets is not defined in the MGCL, it is subject to Maryland common law and to judicial interpretation and review in the context of the unique facts and circumstances of any particular transaction. Although the MGCL allows our charter to establish a lesser percentage of affirmative votes by our stockholders for approval of those actions, our charter does not include such a provision.
Rights to purchase Series B Preferred Stock. Each share of our common stock includes a right to purchase from us, once the rights become exercisable, one one-hundredth (1/100th) of a share of our Series B Preferred Stock, at a purchase price of $71.00 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. Once exercisable, the rights may be exercised until we redeem them, until they are exchanged or terminated, or until they expire on October 2, 2008. The rights are governed by the terms of a rights agreement, dated as of October 2, 1998 between Kilroy Realty Corporation and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C., as rights agent.
The rights will be transferred only with shares of our common stock until the earlier to occur of:
(1) | ten days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons, which we refer to as an acquiring person, has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of: |
| 15% or more of the shares of our common stock or, |
| in the case of John B. Kilroy, Sr., the Chairman of our board of directors, John B. Kilroy, Jr., our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Kilroy Industries, and their respective affiliates, of more than 21% of the shares of our common stock, and |
(2) | ten business days, or on a later date as may be determined by our board of directors, prior to the time that any person or group of affiliated persons becomes an acquiring person, following the commencement or announcement of an intention to make a tender offer or exchange offer for shares of our common stock, the consummation of which would result in the beneficial ownership by: |
| a person or group of 15% or more of the shares of our common stock or, |
| in the case of John B. Kilroy, Sr., the Chairman of our board of directors, John B. Kilroy, Jr., our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Kilroy Industries, and their respective affiliates, of more than 21% of the shares of our common stock. |
6
We refer to the earlier of these dates as the distribution date. The rights will be transferred only with shares of our common stock until the distribution date, or the earlier redemption or expiration of the rights. Our board of directors may not postpone the exercisability and transferability of the rights. As soon as practicable after the distribution date, separate right certificates will be issued to holders of record of shares of common stock as of the close of business on the distribution date. Subject to the termination of the right of redemption, the rights will become exercisable and transferable. Right certificates initially will represent the right to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of our Series B Preferred Stock for each share of our common stock currently outstanding.
If a person or group becomes an acquiring person, or if we are the surviving corporation in a merger with an acquiring person or any affiliate or associate of an acquiring person and shares of common stock are not changed or exchanged, each holder of a right, other than rights that are or were acquired or beneficially owned by the acquiring person, may receive upon exercise that number of shares of common stock having a market value of two times the then current purchase price of one right. The rights that are or were acquired or beneficially owned by the acquiring person will then be void.
We will adjust the number of rights associated with each share of our common stock as necessary if we distribute shares of common stock as dividends, or declare a stock split or reverse stock split in our common stock. If after a person has become an acquiring person we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or more than 50% of our assets or earning power are sold, each holder of a right will receive, upon the exercise of a right at the then current purchase price, the number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of that transaction would have a market value of two times the then current purchase price of one right.
At any time after a person becomes an acquiring person and prior to the earlier of one of the events described in the last sentence in the previous paragraph or the acquisition by the acquiring person of 50% or more of our then outstanding common stock, we may exchange the rights, other than rights owned by an acquiring person which have become void, in whole or in part, for shares of common stock having an aggregate value equal to the difference between the value of the common stock issuable upon exercise of the rights and the purchase price payable upon the exercise.
Our board of directors may:
| redeem the rights in whole, but not in part, at a redemption price of $.01 per right at any time prior to the time a person becomes an acquiring person; |
| in its sole discretion establish when the redemption of the rights may be made effective, on what basis and under what conditions; and |
| amend any of the provisions of the rights agreement for so long as the rights are redeemable. |
Immediately upon any redemption of the rights, a stockholders right to exercise the rights will terminate and the holders of rights may then only receive the redemption price. After the rights are no longer redeemable, we may amend or supplement the rights agreement only in a manner that does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the rights.
We may adjust from time to time the purchase price payable, and the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Series B Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the rights to prevent dilution:
| in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Series B Preferred Stock, |
| upon the grant to holders of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock of some rights or warrants to subscribe to or purchase shares of Series B Preferred Stock or convertible securities at less than the current market price of the Series B Preferred Stock, or |
| upon the distribution to holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock of evidences of indebtedness, cash, securities or assets or of subscription rights or warrants, other than those referred to above. |
7
The distributions referred to above exclude:
| regular periodic cash dividends at a rate not in excess of 125% of the rate of the last regular periodic cash dividend paid or, |
| in case regular periodic cash dividends have not been paid, at a rate not in excess of 50% of our average net income per share for the four quarters ended immediately prior to the payment of the dividend, or dividends payable in shares of Series B Preferred Stock which will be subject to the adjustment described above. |
Until a right is exercised, the holder of the right will have no rights as a stockholder beyond those existing as a result of the ownership of shares of common stock, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.
Preferred stock
Our charter authorizes us to issue 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share. Of the 30,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, we have classified and designated 1,500,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock, 400,000 shares as Series B Preferred Stock, 900,000 shares as Series D Preferred Stock, 1,610,000 shares as Series E Preferred Stock and 3,450,000 shares as Series F Preferred Stock. As of the date of this prospectus, 1,610,000 shares of our Series E Preferred Stock was issued and outstanding and 3,450,000 shares of our Series F Preferred Stock was issued and outstanding.
We may classify, designate and issue additional shares of currently authorized shares of preferred stock, in one or more classes, as authorized by our board of directors without the prior consent of our stockholders. The board of directors may afford the holders of preferred stock preferences, powers and rightsvoting or otherwisesenior to the rights of holders of shares of common stock. Our board of directors can authorize the issuance of currently authorized shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for holders of shares of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. All shares of preferred stock which are issued and are or become outstanding are or will be fully paid and nonassessable. Before we may issue any shares of preferred stock of any class, the MGCL and our charter require our board of directors to determine the following:
| the designation; |
| the terms; |
| preferences; |
| conversion and other rights; |
| voting powers; |
| restrictions; |
| limitations as to distributions; |
| qualifications; and |
| terms or conditions of redemption. |
7.45% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 9.25% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7.80% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 7.50% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
General. Of our 30,000,000 authorized preferred shares, we designated 1,500,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock, 900,000 shares as Series D Preferred Stock, 1,610,000 shares as Series E Preferred Stock and 3,450,000 shares as Series F Preferred Stock. Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are issuable on a one-for-one
8
basis only upon redemption or exchange of the operating partnerships Series A Preferred Units. The Series D Preferred Stock is issuable on a one-for-one basis only upon redemption or exchange of the operating partnerships Series D Preferred Units. However, the Series D Preferred Units were redeemed on December 9, 2004. Accordingly, the shares of our preferred stock currently designated as Series D Preferred Stock could only be issued if redesignated by our board of directors. All of the designated shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding.
Dividends. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends that are:
| cumulative preferential dividends, in cash, from the date of issue payable in arrears on the 15th of February, May, August and November of each year, including in the case of Series A Preferred Stock, any accumulated but unpaid distributions in respect of Series A Preferred Units at the time they are exchanged for shares of Series A Preferred Stock; |
| on parity with any payments made to each other and with all other preferred stock designated as ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock; |
| in preference to any payment made on any other classes or series of capital stock or our other equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock; and |
| at a rate of 7.45% per annum for shares of Series A Preferred Stock, at a rate of 9.25% per annum for shares of Series D Preferred Stock, at a rate of 7.80% per annum for shares of Series E Preferred Stock and at a rate of 7.50% per annum for shares of Series F Preferred Stock. |
Ranking. The Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock will, with respect to dividends and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, rank:
| senior to our common stock, the Series B Preferred Stock and all other preferred stock designated as ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock; |
| on parity with each other and with all other preferred stock designated as ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock; and |
| junior to all other preferred stock designated as ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock. |
Redemption. At our option, we may redeem, in whole or in part, from time to time, upon not less than 30 or more than 60 days written notice:
| shares of Series D Preferred Stock; |
| shares of Series A Preferred Stock on or after September 30, 2009; |
| shares of Series E Preferred Stock on and after November 21, 2008 and shares of Series F Preferred Stock on and after December 8, 2009, and prior to each of these dates to the extent necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT; |
| shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $50.00 per share, and shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated but unpaid dividends whether or not declared up to and including the date of redemption; |
9
| by paying the redemption price of the Series E Preferred Stock and/or Series F Preferred Stock; and |
| by paying the redemption price of the Series A Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, excluding the portion consisting of accumulated but unpaid dividends, solely out of proceeds from issuance of our capital stock. |
No maturity, sinking fund or mandatory redemption. The Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock have no maturity date, and we are not required to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock at any time. Accordingly, the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless we decide, at our option, to exercise our redemption rights. None of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock is subject to any sinking fund.
Limited voting rights. If we do not pay dividends on any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly periods, including any periods during which we do not make distributions in respect of Series A Preferred Units prior to their exchange into shares of Series A Preferred Stock, whether or not consecutive, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock will have the right to vote as a single class with all other shares of capital stock ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock which have similar vested voting rights for the election of two additional directors to our board of directors. The directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election for a one-year term and each such director will serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until the directors right to hold the office terminates, whichever occurs earlier, subject to the directors earlier death, disqualification, resignation or removal. The election will take place at:
| special meetings called at the request of the holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, or Series F Preferred Stock, or the holders of shares of any other class or series of stock on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock with respect to which dividends are also accumulated and unpaid, if this request is received more than 90 days before the date fixed for our next annual or special meeting of stockholders or, if we receive the request for a special meeting less than 90 days before the date fixed for our next annual or special meeting of stockholders, at our annual or special meeting of stockholders, and |
| each subsequent annual meeting (or special meeting in its place) until all dividends accumulated on the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock, the Series F Preferred Stock and any such other class or series of stock on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock for all past dividend periods and the dividend for the then current dividend period, including accumulated but unpaid distributions in respect of Series A Preferred Units at the time they are exchanged for shares of Series A Preferred Stock have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment of the dividends is irrevocably set aside in trust for payment in full. |
When all of the dividends have been paid in full, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock will be divested of their voting rights and the term of any member of our board of directors elected by the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock and holders of any other shares of stock on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock will terminate.
10
In addition, so long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock are outstanding, without the consent of at least two-thirds of the holders of the series of preferred stock then outstanding, as applicable, we may not:
| authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any shares of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, |
| reclassify any of our authorized shares of capital stock into any shares ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock, |
| designate or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, or reclassify any of our authorized shares of capital stock into any stock on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligations or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares, but only to the extent the shares on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series F Preferred Stock are issued to one of our affiliates, or |
| either |
| consolidate, merge into or with, or convey, transfer or lease our assets substantially as an entirety, to any corporation or other entity, or |
| amend, alter or repeal the provisions of our charter or bylaws, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, |
in each case that would materially and adversely affect the powers, special rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock or the holders of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock.
For purposes of the previous paragraph, the following events will not be deemed to materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock or any of their holders:
| any merger, consolidation or transfer of all or substantially all of our assets, so long as either: |
| we are the surviving entity and the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock, respectively, remain outstanding on the same terms, or |
| the resulting, surviving or transferee entity is a corporation, business trust or other like entity organized under the laws of any state and substitutes for the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock, respectively, other preferred stock having substantially the same terms and same rights as the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock, respectively, including with respect to dividends, voting rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up; and |
| any increase in the amount of authorized preferred stock or the creation or issuance of any other class or series of preferred stock, or any increase in an amount of authorized shares of each class or series, in each case ranking either junior to or on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up to the extent such preferred stock is not issued to one of our affiliates. |
11
In addition, we may increase the authorized or issued amount of the Series F Preferred Stock, whether by amendment or supplement of our charter or otherwise, without any vote of the holders of the Series F Preferred Stock, if all such additional shares:
| remain unissued, and/or |
| are issued to an underwriter in a public offering registered with the SEC. |
Each share of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock shall have one vote per $50.00 of stated liquidation preference. The voting provisions above will not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which the vote would otherwise be required would occur, we have redeemed or called for redemption upon proper procedures all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock, as applicable.
The Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock will have no voting rights other than as discussed above.
Liquidation preference. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, each share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock is entitled to a liquidation preference of $50.00 per share and each share of Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated but unpaid dividends, in preference to any other class or series of our capital stock, other than those equity securities expressly designated as ranking on a parity with or senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock.
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock
General. Of our 30,000,000 authorized preferred shares, we designated 400,000 shares as Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is issuable upon exercise of the rights to purchase shares of Series B Preferred Stock, as described above in the section entitled Common stockRights to purchase Series B Preferred Stock.
Ranking. The Series B Preferred Stock, if and when issued, will rank:
| junior to our Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock, if and when issued, and all other classes or series of preferred stock designated as ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to distributions and rights upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up; |
| senior to our common stock and all classes or series of preferred stock designated as ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Stock; and |
| on a parity with all other classes or series of stock designated as ranking on a parity with the Series B Preferred Stock. |
Dividends. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled, when, and if declared, to the greater of:
| a minimum preferential cumulative quarterly dividend payment of $1.00 per share paid on the first day of March, June, September and December, and |
| an aggregate dividend of 100 times the dividend, if any, declared per share of common stock, other than a dividend payable in shares of common stock, since the last quarterly dividend payment date. |
We will adjust the right to dividends per share of the Series B Preferred Stock if we increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock by declaring or paying a dividend on the common stock payable in shares of common stock, or subdividing, combining or consolidating the outstanding shares of common stock.
12
Accumulated and unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on shares of Series B Preferred Stock which are less than the total amount of the dividends accumulated and payable on these shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock.
Until dividends or distributions payable on the Series B Preferred Stock, whether or not declared, have been paid in full, we may not:
| declare or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, including upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, on any shares of capital stock ranking: |
| junior to the Series B Preferred Stock; |
| on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series B Preferred Stock and any parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all shares are then entitled; |
| redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration: |
| shares of any capital stock ranking junior, either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, to the Series B Preferred Stock, except as provided in our charter to protect our REIT status or if we acquire shares of junior stock in exchange for shares of any of our capital stock ranking junior both as to dividends and upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, to the Series B Preferred Stock; or |
| any shares of Series B Preferred Stock, or any shares of capital stock ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, except as provided for in our charter to protect our REIT status or in accordance with a written or published purchase offer to all holders of the shares on terms that our board of directors shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable treatment among the respective series or classes. |
We will not permit any of our subsidiaries to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of our capital stock unless we could purchase or otherwise acquire the shares at that time and in the manner set forth above.
Liquidation preference. If we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our business, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled, pro rata with any shares of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, to an aggregate preferential liquidation payment of 100 times the payment made per share of common stock. In no event may the liquidation payment be less than $100 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. We will adjust the liquidation preference per share of the Class B Preferred Stock if we increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock by declaring or paying a dividend on the common stock payable in shares of common stock, or subdividing, combining or consolidating the outstanding shares of common stock.
Voting rights. Each holder of a share of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to 100 votes on all matters submitted to our stockholders having general voting rights. We will adjust as necessary the votes per share of the Series B Preferred Stock if we increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock by declaring or paying a dividend on the common stock payable in shares of common stock, or subdividing, combining or consolidating the outstanding shares of common stock.
Except as required by law, we do not require the consent of holders of Series B Preferred Stock for taking any corporate action, unless they are entitled to vote with holders of common stock. Generally, any holder of Series B Preferred Stock, common stock or any other shares of stock that have general voting powers will vote together as one class on all matters submitted to those stockholders having general voting rights.
Business combinations. If we enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction, shares of our common stock may be exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other
13
property. In that case, each share of Series B Preferred Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share equal to 100 times the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property, payable in kind, as the case may be, into or for which each share of common stock is changed or exchanged. We will adjust the amount of per share consideration to be received by holders of Series B Preferred Stock upon any of these transactions if we increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock by declaring or paying a dividend on the common stock payable in shares of common stock, or subdividing, combining or consolidating the outstanding shares of common stock.
Redemption. We may not redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at any time.
Restrictions on ownership and transfer of our capital stock
Internal Revenue Code requirements.
To maintain our tax status as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which includes certain entities, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding capital stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Constructive ownership provisions in the Internal Revenue Code determine if any individual or entity constructively owns our capital stock for purposes of this requirement. In addition, 100 or more persons must beneficially own our capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year or during a proportionate part of a short taxable year. Also, rent from tenants in which we actually or constructively own a 10% or greater interest is not qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests of the Internal Revenue Code. To help ensure we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our capital stock.
Transfer restrictions in our charter.
Subject to exceptions specified in our charter, no holder may own, either actually or constructively under the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code:
| more than 7.0%, by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock; |
| if and when issued, more than 7.0%, by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of our Series B Preferred Stock; |
| if and when issued, shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, and/or Series D Preferred Stock, which, taking into account all other shares of our capital stock actually or constructively held, would cause a holder to own more than 7.0% by value of our outstanding shares of capital stock; or |
| more than 9.8%, by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock. |
In addition, because rent from tenants in which we actually or constructively own a 10% or greater interest is not qualifying rent for purposes of the gross income tests under the Internal Revenue Code, our charter provides that no holder may own, either actually or constructively by virtue of the constructive ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, which differ from the constructive ownership provisions used for purposes of the preceding sentence:
| more than 9.8%, by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock; |
| if and when issued, more than 9.8% by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of our Series B Preferred Stock; |
14
| if and when issued, shares of our Series A Preferred Stock and/or Series D Preferred Stock which, taking into account all other shares of our capital stock actually or constructively held, would cause a holder to own more than 9.8% by value of our outstanding shares of capital stock; or |
| more than 9.8%, by number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our Series E Preferred Stock or Series F Preferred Stock. |
We refer to the limits described in this paragraph, together, as the ownership limits.
The constructive ownership provisions set forth in the Internal Revenue Code are complex, and may cause shares of our capital stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of shares of our capital stock in an amount that does not exceed the ownership limits, or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that actually or constructively owns our capital stock, could, nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively shares in excess of the ownership limits and thus violate the ownership limits described above or otherwise permitted by our board of directors. In addition, if and when such shares are issued, a violation of the ownership limits relating to the Series A Preferred Stock or Series D Preferred Stock could occur as a result of a fluctuation in the relative value of any outstanding series of our preferred stock and our common stock, even absent a transfer or other change in actual or constructive ownership.
Our board of directors may waive the ownership limits with respect to a particular stockholder if it:
| determines that the ownership will not jeopardize our status as a REIT; and |
| otherwise decides that this action would be in our best interest. |
As a condition of this waiver, our board of directors may require a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service, opinions of counsel satisfactory to it and/or undertakings or representations from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status. Our board of directors has waived the ownership limit applicable to our common stock for John B. Kilroy, Sr. and John B. Kilroy, Jr., as well as members of their families and entities which are deemed to own Messrs. Kilroys common stock, allowing them to own up to 21% of our common stock. However, the board of directors conditioned this waiver upon the receipt of undertakings and representations from Messrs. Kilroy which it believed were reasonably necessary in order to conclude that the waiver would not cause us to fail to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT.
In addition to the foregoing ownership limits, no holder may own, either actually or constructively under the applicable attribution rules of the Internal Revenue Code, any shares of any class of our capital stock if, as a result of this ownership:
| more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock would be owned, either actually or constructively under the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, |
| our capital stock would be beneficially owned by less than 100 persons, determined without reference to any constructive ownership provisions, or |
| we would fail to qualify as a REIT. |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire actual or constructive ownership of our shares of capital stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership must give us notice immediately and provide us with any other information that we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
15
Effect of violation of ownership limits and transfer restrictions.
If any attempted transfer of our capital stock or any other event would result in any person violating the ownership limits described above, unless otherwise permitted by our board of directors, then the number of shares in excess of the applicable ownership limit will be transferred automatically to a trust, the beneficiary of which will be a qualified charitable organization selected by us. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer, and the transferee shall acquire no right or interest in the excess shares. In the case of any event other than a purported transfer, the person or entity holding record title to any of the excess shares shall cease to own any right or interest in the excess shares. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit or as otherwise permitted by the board of directors, then our charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will be void.
The trustee must:
| within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, |
| sell the excess shares to a person or entity who could own the shares without violating the ownership limits or as otherwise permitted by our board of directors, and |
| distribute to the prohibited transferee or owner, as applicable, an amount equal to the lesser of the price paid by the prohibited transferee or owner for the excess shares or the sales proceeds received by the trust for the excess shares; |
| in the case of any excess shares resulting from any event other than a transfer, or from a transfer for no consideration, such as a gift, |
| sell the excess shares to a qualified person or entity, and |
| distribute to the prohibited transferee or owner, as applicable, an amount equal to the lesser of the market price of the excess shares as of the date of the event or the sales proceeds received by the trust for the excess shares; and |
| in either case above, distribute any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the prohibited transferee or owner, as applicable, to the charitable organization selected by us as beneficiary of the trust. |
The trustee shall be designated by us and be unaffiliated with us and any prohibited transferee or owner. Prior to a sale of any excess shares by the trust, the trustee will receive, in trust for the beneficiary, all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to the excess shares, and may also exercise all voting rights with respect to the excess shares.
Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority, at the trustees sole discretion:
| to rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited transferee or owner, as applicable, prior to our discovery that our shares have been transferred to the trust, and |
| to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust. |
However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee may not rescind and recast the vote. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the prohibited transferee or owner, prior to our discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary of the trust.
16
If shares of capital stock are transferred to any person in a manner which would cause us to be beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons, the transfer shall be null and void in its entirety, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to the stock.
If our board of directors shall at any time determine in good faith that a person intends to acquire or own, has attempted to acquire or own, or may acquire or own our capital stock in violation of the limits described above, it shall take actions to refuse to give effect to or to prevent the ownership or acquisition, including, but not limited to:
| authorizing us to repurchase stock, |
| refusing to give effect to the ownership or acquisition on our books, or |
| instituting proceedings to enjoin the ownership or acquisition. |
All certificates representing shares of our capital stock bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
All persons who own at least a specified percentage of the outstanding shares of our stock must file with us a completed questionnaire annually containing information about their ownership of the shares, as set forth in the applicable treasury regulations. Under current treasury regulations, the percentage is between 0.5% and 5.0%, depending on the number of record holders of our shares. In addition, each stockholder may be required to disclose to us in writing information about the actual and constructive ownership of our shares as our board of directors deems necessary to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to a REIT or to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency.
These ownership limitations could discourage a takeover or other transaction in which holders of some, or a majority, of our shares of capital stock might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which stockholders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.
Transfer agent and registrar for shares of capital stock
Mellon Investor Services LLC is the transfer agent and registrar for shares of our preferred stock and common stock.
17
We currently have no warrants outstanding (other than options issued under our stock option plan and the redemption and exchange rights of holders of units of the operating partnership, or the unitholders). We may issue warrants for the purchase of our preferred stock or common stock. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other offered securities offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from such offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between our company and a warrant agent specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any provisions of the warrants offered hereby. Further terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, where applicable, the following: (1) the title of such warrants; (2) the aggregate number of such warrants; (3) the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued; (4) the designation, terms and number of shares of our preferred stock or common stock purchasable upon exercise of such warrants; (5) the designation and terms of the offered securities, if any, with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such offered security; (6) the date, if any, on and after which such warrants and the related preferred stock or common stock will be separately transferable, including any limitations on ownership and transfer of such warrants as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a REIT; (7) the price at which each share of preferred stock or common stock purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased; (8) the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire; (9) the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; (10) information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; (11) a discussion of certain federal income tax consequences; and (12) any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
General
We may issue depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest of a share of a particular class or series of our preferred stock, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Shares of a class or series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement among us, the depositary named therein and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts issued by the preferred stock depositary which will evidence the depositary shares. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary receipt will be entitled, in proportion to the fractional interest of a share of a particular class or series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipt, to all the rights and preferences of the class or series of the preferred stock represented by such depositary shares (including dividend, voting, conversion, redemption and liquidation rights).
The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the applicable deposit agreement. Immediately following our issuance and delivery of the preferred stock to a preferred stock depositary, we will cause such preferred stock depositary to issue, on our behalf, the depositary receipts. Copies of the applicable form of deposit agreement and depositary receipt may be obtained from us upon request, and the statements made hereunder relating to the deposit agreement and the depositary receipt to be issued thereunder are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof and do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable deposit agreement and related depositary receipts.
18
Dividends and other distributions
The preferred stock depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of a class or series of preferred stock to the record holders of depositary receipts evidencing the related depositary shares in proportion to the number of such depositary receipts owned by such holders, subject to certain obligations of holders to file proofs, certificates and other information and to pay certain charges and expenses to the preferred stock depositary.
In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the preferred stock depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary receipts entitled thereto, subject to certain obligations of holders to file proofs, certificates and other information and to pay certain charges and expenses to the preferred stock depositary, unless the preferred stock depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, in which case the preferred stock depositary may, with our approval, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to such holders.
No distribution will be made in respect of any depositary share to the extent that it represents any class or series of preferred stock converted into shares in excess of the ownership limit or otherwise converted or exchanged.
Withdrawal of stock
Upon surrender of the depositary receipts at the corporate trust office of the preferred stock depositary (unless the related depositary shares have previously been called for redemption or converted) the holders thereof will be entitled to delivery at such office, to or upon each such holders order, of the number of whole or fractional shares of the class or series of preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts. Holders of depositary receipts will be entitled to receive whole or fractional shares of the related class or series of preferred stock on the basis of the proportion of preferred stock represented by each depositary share as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, but holders of such shares of preferred stock will not thereafter be entitled to receive depositary shares therefor. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of shares of preferred stock to be withdrawn, the preferred stock depositary will deliver to such holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.
Redemption of depositary shares
Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the preferred stock depositary, the preferred stock depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of the depositary shares representing shares of such class or series of preferred stock so redeemed, provided we shall have paid in full to the preferred stock depositary the redemption price of the preferred stock to be redeemed plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to the date fixed for redemption. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the corresponding proportion of the redemption price and any other amounts per share payable with respect to such class or series of preferred stock. If fewer than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected pro rata (as nearly as may be practicable without creating fractional depositary shares) or by any other equitable method that we may determine that will not result in the issuance of any shares in excess of the ownership limit.
From and after the date fixed for redemption, all dividends in respect of the shares of a class or series of preferred stock so called for redemption will cease to accrue, the depositary shares so called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares so called for redemption will cease, except the right to receive any moneys payable upon such redemption and any money or other property to which the holders of such depositary receipts were entitled upon such redemption upon surrender thereof to the preferred stock depositary.
19
Voting of the preferred stock
Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of a class or series of preferred stock deposited with the preferred stock depositary are entitled to vote, the preferred stock depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares which represent such class or series of preferred stock. Each record holder of depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for such class or series of preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the preferred stock depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of preferred stock represented by such holders depositary shares. The preferred stock depositary will vote the amount of such class or series of preferred stock represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all reasonable action which may be deemed necessary by the preferred stock depositary in order to enable the preferred stock depositary to do so. The preferred stock depositary will abstain from voting the amount of preferred stock represented by such depositary shares to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary receipts evidencing such depositary shares. The preferred stock depositary will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instruction to vote, or for the manner or effect of any such vote made, as long as any such action or non-action is in good faith and does not result from negligence or willful misconduct of the preferred stock depositary.
Liquidation preference
In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of each depositary receipt will be entitled to the fraction of the liquidation preference accorded each share of preferred stock represented by the depositary share evidenced by such depositary receipt as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Conversion
The depositary shares, as such, will not be convertible into our common stock or any of our other securities or property. Nevertheless, if so specified in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to an offering of depositary shares, the depositary receipts may be surrendered by holders thereof to the applicable preferred stock depositary with written instructions to the preferred stock depositary to instruct us to cause conversion of a class or series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts into whole shares of our common stock, other shares of a class or series of our preferred stock (including shares in excess of the ownership limit) or other shares of stock, and we have agreed that upon receipt of such instructions and any amounts payable in respect thereof, we will cause the conversion thereof utilizing the same procedures as those provided for delivery of preferred stock to effect such conversion. If the depositary shares evidenced by a depositary receipt are to be converted in part only, a depositary receipt or receipts will be issued for any depositary shares not to be converted. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon conversion, and if such conversion will result in a fractional share being issued, we will pay in cash an amount equal to the value of the fractional interest based upon the closing price of the common stock on the last business day prior to the conversion.
Amendment and termination of a deposit agreement
The form of depositary receipt evidencing depositary shares which represent the preferred stock and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between our company and the preferred stock depositary. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary receipts or that would be materially and adversely inconsistent with the rights granted to the holders of the related preferred stock will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the existing holders of at least two-thirds of the applicable depositary shares evidenced by the applicable depositary receipts then outstanding. No amendment shall impair the right, subject to certain anticipated exceptions in the deposit agreements, of any holder of depositary receipts to surrender any depositary receipt with instructions to deliver to the holder the related class or series of preferred stock and all money and other property, if any, represented thereby, except in order to comply with law. Every holder of an outstanding depositary receipt at the time any
20
such amendment becomes effective shall be deemed, by continuing to hold such depositary receipt, to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by the applicable deposit agreement as amended thereby.
We may terminate the deposit agreement upon not less than 30 days prior written notice to the preferred stock depositary if (i) such termination is necessary to preserve our status as a REIT or (ii) a majority of each series or class of preferred stock subject to such deposit agreement consents to such termination, whereupon the preferred stock depositary will deliver or make available to each holder of depositary receipts, upon surrender of the depositary receipts held by such holder, such number of whole or fractional shares of each preferred stock as are represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts together with any other property held by preferred stock depositary with respect to such depositary receipts. We have agreed that if the deposit agreement is terminated to preserve our status as a REIT, then we will use our best efforts to list each class or series of preferred stock issued upon surrender of the related depositary shares. In addition, the deposit agreement will automatically terminate if (i) all outstanding depositary shares shall have been redeemed, (ii) there shall have been a final distribution in respect of each class or series of preferred stock in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and such distribution shall have been distributed to the holders of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares representing such class or series of preferred stock or (iii) each share of the related preferred stock shall have been converted into our stock not so represented by depositary shares.
Charges of a preferred stock depositary
We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the deposit agreement. In addition, we will pay the fees and expenses of the preferred stock depositary in connection with the performance of its duties under the deposit agreement. However, holders of depositary receipts will pay the fees and expenses of the preferred stock depositary for any duties requested by such holders to be performed that are outside of those expressly provided for in the deposit agreement.
Resignation and removal of depositary
The preferred stock depositary may resign at any time by delivering notice to us of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the preferred stock depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor preferred stock depositary. A successor preferred stock depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.
Miscellaneous
The preferred stock depositary will forward to holders of depositary receipts any reports and communications received from us with respect to the related preferred stock.
Neither we nor the preferred stock depositary will be liable if prevented from or delayed in, by law or any circumstances beyond our control, performing our obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the preferred stock depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performing our duties thereunder in good faith and without negligence (in the case of any action or inaction in the voting of a class or series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares), gross negligence or willful misconduct, and we and the preferred stock depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary receipts, depositary shares or shares of a class or series of preferred stock represented thereby unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the preferred stock depositary may rely on written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting shares of preferred stock represented thereby for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed in good faith to be competent to give such information, and on documents believed in good faith to be genuine and signed by a proper party.
In the event a preferred stock depositary shall receive conflicting claims, requests or instructions from any holders of depositary receipts, on the one hand, and us, on the other hand, the preferred stock depositary shall be entitled to act on our claims, requests or instructions.
21
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF THE
PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF KILROY REALTY, L.P.
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the operating partnership, as amended, which we refer to as the partnership agreement. This summary is not complete. For more detail, you should refer to the partnership agreement itself, which we have previously filed with the SEC and which is incorporated herein by reference.
Management of the partnership
The operating partnership is a Delaware limited partnership. We are the sole general partner of the operating partnership and conduct substantially all of our business through it.
As the sole general partner of the operating partnership, we exercise exclusive and complete discretion in its day-to-day management and control. We can cause the operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings and cause changes in its line of business, capital structure and distribution policies. The operating partnership has both preferred limited partnership interests and common limited partnership interests. As of March 31, 2006, the operating partnership had issued and outstanding 1,500,000 Series A Preferred Units, no Series B Preferred Units, no Series D Preferred Units, 1,610,000 Series E Preferred Units, 3,450,000 Series F Preferred Units and 2,892,448 common units. We refer collectively to the Series A Preferred Units, Series B Preferred Units, Series D Preferred Units, Series E Preferred Units, Series F Preferred Units and the common units as the units. Limited partners may not transact business for, or participate in the management activities or decisions of, the operating partnership, except as provided in the partnership agreement and as required by applicable law.
Indemnification of our officers and directors
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the partnership agreement indemnifies us, as general partner, and our officers and directors and any other persons we may designate. Similarly, the partnership agreement limits our liability, as well as that of our officers and directors, to the operating partnership.
Transferability of partnership interests
Generally, we may not voluntarily withdraw from or transfer or assign our interest in the operating partnership without the consent of the holders of at least 60% of the common partnership interests including our interests. The limited partners may, without the consent of the general partner, transfer, assign, sell, encumber or otherwise dispose of their interest in the operating partnership to family members, affiliates (as defined under federal securities laws) and charitable organizations and as collateral in connection with certain lending transactions, and, with the consent of the general partner, may also transfer, assign or sell their partnership interest to accredited investors. In each case, the transferee must agree to assume the transferors obligations under the partnership agreements. This transfer is subject to our right of first refusal to purchase the limited partners units for our benefit.
In addition, without our consent, limited partners may not transfer their units:
| to any person who lacks the legal capacity to own the units; |
| in violation of applicable law; |
| where the transfer is for only a portion of the rights represented by the units, such as the partners capital account or right to distributions; |
| if we believe the transfer would cause the termination of the operating partnership or would cause it to no longer be classified as a partnership for federal or state income tax purposes; |
22
| if the transfer would cause the operating partnership to become a party-in-interest within the meaning of ERISA or would cause its assets to constitute assets of an employee benefit plan under applicable regulations; |
| if the transfer would require registration under applicable federal securities laws; |
| if the transfer could cause the operating partnership to become a publicly traded partnership under applicable treasury regulations; |
| if the transfer could cause the operating partnership to be regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; or |
| if the transfer would adversely affect our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT. |
We may not engage in any termination transaction without the approval of at least 60% of the common units in the operating partnership, including our general partner interest in the operating partnership. Examples of termination transactions include:
| a merger; |
| a consolidation or other combination with or into another entity; |
| a sale of all or substantially all of our assets; or |
| a reclassification, recapitalization or change of our outstanding equity interests. |
In connection with a termination transaction, all common limited partners must either receive, or have the right to elect to receive, for each common unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal to the product of:
| the number of shares of common stock into which each common unit is then exchangeable; and |
| the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to the holder of one share of common stock in consideration for one share of common stock pursuant to the termination transaction. |
If, in connection with a termination transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer is made to holders of our common stock, and the common stockholders accept this purchase, tender or exchange offer, each holder of common units must either receive, or must have the right to elect to receive, the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which that holder would have received if immediately prior to the purchase, tender or exchange offer it had exercised its right to redemption, received shares of common stock in exchange for its common units, and accepted the purchase, tender or exchange offer.
We also may merge or otherwise combine our assets with another entity with the approval of at least 60% of the common units if:
| substantially all of the assets directly or indirectly owned by the surviving entity are held directly or indirectly by the operating partnership as the surviving partnership or another limited partnership or limited liability company is the surviving partnership of a merger, consolidation or combination of assets with the operating partnership; |
| the common limited partners own a percentage interest of the surviving partnership based on the relative fair market value of the net assets of the operating partnership and the other net assets of the surviving partnership immediately prior to the consummation of this transaction; |
| the rights, preferences and privileges of the common limited partners in the surviving partnership are at least as favorable as those in effect immediately prior to the consummation of the transaction and as those applicable to any other limited partners or non-managing members of the surviving partnership; and |
23
| the common limited partners may exchange their interests in the surviving partnership for either: |
| the consideration available to the common limited partner pursuant to the preceding paragraph, or |
| if the ultimate controlling person of the surviving partnership has publicly traded common equity securities, shares of those common equity securities, at an exchange ratio based on the relative fair market value of those securities and our common stock. |
The board of directors will reasonably determine relative fair market values and rights, preferences and privileges of the limited partners as of the time of the termination transaction. These values may not be less favorable to the limited partners than the relative values reflected in the terms of the termination transaction.
We must use commercially reasonable efforts to structure transactions like those described above to avoid causing the common limited partners to recognize gain for federal income tax purposes by virtue of the occurrence of or their participation in the transaction. In addition, the operating partnership must use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the common limited partners to minimize any taxes payable in connection with any repayment, refinancing, replacement or restructuring of indebtedness, or any sale, exchange or other disposition of its assets.
Issuance of additional units representing partnership interests
As sole general partner of the operating partnership, we have the ability to cause it to issue additional units representing general and limited partnership interests. These units may include units representing preferred limited partnership interests, subject to the approval rights of holders of the Series A Preferred Units with respect to the issuance of preferred units ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Units, holders of the Series E Preferred Units with respect to the issuance of preferred units ranking senior to the Series E Preferred Units and holders of Series F Preferred Units with respect to the issuance of preferred units ranking senior to the Series F Preferred Units as described under the heading Description of Capital Stock7.45% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 7.80% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units and 7.50% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units.
Capital contributions by us to the operating partnership
We may borrow additional funds in excess of the funds available from borrowings or capital contributions from a financial institution or other lender or through public or private debt offerings. We may then lend these funds to the operating partnership on the same terms and conditions that applied to us. In some cases, we may instead contribute these funds as an additional capital contribution to the operating partnership and increase our interest in it, and decrease the interests of the limited partners.
The effect of awards granted under our stock incentive plan
If options to purchase shares of our common stock granted in connection with our 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, or any successor equity incentive award plan, are exercised at any time, or restricted shares of common stock are issued under the plan, we must contribute to the operating partnership the exercise price that we receive in connection with the issuance of the shares of common stock to the exercising participant or the proceeds that we receive when we issue the shares. In exchange, we will be issued units in the operating partnership equal to the number of shares of common stock issued to the exercising participant in the plan.
Tax matters that affect the operating partnership
We have the authority under the partnership agreement to make tax elections under the Internal Revenue Code on the operating partnerships behalf.
24
Allocations of net income and net losses to partners
The net income of the operating partnership will generally be allocated as follows:
| first, to the extent holders of units have been allocated net losses, net income shall be allocated to such holders to offset these losses, in an order of priority which is the reverse of the priority of the allocation of these losses; |
| next, pro rata among the holders of Series A Preferred Units in an amount equal to a 7.45% per annum cumulative return on the stated value of $50.00 per Series A Preferred Unit, holders of Series E Preferred Units in an amount equal to a 7.80% per annum cumulative return on the stated value of $25.00 per Series E Preferred Unit, and holders of Series F Preferred Units in an amount equal to 7.50% per annum cumulative return on the stated value of $25.00 per Series F Preferred Unit; and |
| the remaining net income, if any, will be allocated to us and to the common limited partners in accordance with our respective percentage interests. |
Net losses of the operating partnership will be allocated as follows:
| first, to us and the common limited partners in accordance with our respective percentage interests, but only to the extent the allocation does not cause a partner to have a negative adjusted capital account (ignoring any limited partner capital contribution obligations); |
| next, pro rata among the holders of the Series A Preferred Units, Series E Preferred Units and Series F Preferred Units, but only to the extent that the allocation does not cause a partner to have a negative adjusted capital account (ignoring any limited partner capital contribution obligations); |
| next, to partners pro rata in proportion to their positive adjusted capital accounts, until their capital accounts are reduced to zero; and |
| the remainder, if any, will be allocated to us. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in some cases, losses may be disproportionately allocated to partners who have guaranteed debt of the operating partnership. The allocations described above are subject to special allocations relating to depreciation deductions and to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and the associated treasury regulations. In addition, to the extent we issue Series B Preferred Units, the partnership agreement will be amended to provide for the allocation of income and loss which is preferred with respect to common units and subordinate to Series A Preferred Units, Series E Preferred Units and Series F Preferred Units. See the section entitled United States Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsTax Aspects of Kilroy Realty, L.P., the Subsidiary Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies.
Operations and management of Kilroy Realty, L.P.
The operating partnership must be operated in a manner that will enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT and avoid any federal income tax liability. The partnership agreement provides that we will determine from time to time, but not less frequently than quarterly, the net operating cash revenues of the operating partnership, as well as net sales and refinancing proceeds, pro rata in accordance with the partners respective percentage interests, subject to the distribution preferences with respect to the Series A Preferred Units, Series B Preferred Units, Series E Preferred Units and Series F Preferred Units. The partnership agreement further provides that the operating partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse us for payment of, all expenses that we incur relating to the ownership and operation of, or for the benefit of, the operating partnership and all costs and expenses relating to our operations.
Term of the partnership agreement
The operating partnership will continue in full force and effect until December 31, 2095, or until sooner dissolved in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement.
25
7.45% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 7.80% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units and 7.50% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units
General. The operating partnership has designated classes of preferred limited partnership units as the 7.45% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, the 7.80% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units and the 7.50% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, representing preferred limited partnership interests. As of the date of this prospectus, 1,500,000 Series A Preferred Units, 1,610,000 Series E Preferred Units and 3,450,000 Series F Preferred Units are issued and outstanding.
Distributions. Each Series A Preferred Unit, Series E Preferred Unit and Series F Preferred Unit is entitled to receive cumulative preferential distributions payable on or before the 15th day of February, May, August and November of each year. Series A Preferred Units will be entitled to distributions at a rate of 7.45% per annum, Series E Preferred Units will be entitled to distributions at a rate of 7.80% per annum and Series F Preferred Units will be entitled to distributions at a rate of 7.50% per annum. The cumulative preferential distributions will be paid in preference to any payment made on any other class or series of partnership interest of the operating partnership, other than any other class or series of partnership interest expressly designated as ranking on parity with or senior to the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units and the Series F Preferred Units.
Ranking. The Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units and the Series F Preferred Units rank:
| senior to the operating partnerships common units, the Series B Preferred Units when issued, and to all classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units and the Series F Preferred Units with respect to distributions and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up; |
| on parity with each other and with all other classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units and the Series F Preferred Units with respect to distributions and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up; and |
| junior to all other classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units and the Series F Preferred Units. |
Limited approval rights. For as long as any Series A Preferred Units remain outstanding, the operating partnership will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the units of such class, as applicable:
| authorize, create or increase the authorized or issued amount of any class or series of partnership interests ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Units, or reclassify any partnership interests of the operating partnership into any class or series of partnership interest ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Units, or create, authorize or issue any obligations or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any class or series of partnership interests ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Units, |
| authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of any preferred partnership units on parity with the Series A Preferred Units, or reclassify any partnership interest into any preferred partnership units on parity with the Series A Preferred Units, or create, authorize or issue any obligations or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any preferred partnership units on parity with the Series A Preferred Units, but only to the extent that these preferred partnership units on parity with the Series A Preferred Units are issued to an affiliate of the operating partnership, other than to us to the extent the issuance of these interests was to allow us to issue corresponding preferred stock to persons who are not affiliates of the operating partnership, or |
| either consolidate, merge into or with, or convey, transfer or lease its assets substantially as an entirety to, any corporation or other entity or amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the partnership agreement, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, in each case in a manner that would materially and adversely affect the powers, special rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the Series A Preferred Units or the holders of the Series A Preferred Units. |
26
Redemption. We may redeem the Series A Preferred Units on or after September 30, 2009, the Series E Preferred Units on or after November 21, 2008 and the Series F Preferred Units on or after December 8, 2009. The Series A Preferred Units will be payable solely out of the sale proceeds from the issuance of our capital stock or out of the sale of limited partner interests in the operating partnership, at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the capital account balance of the holder of the Series A Preferred Units; provided, however, that no redemption will be permitted if the redemption price does not equal or exceed the original capital contribution of such holder plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. If fewer than all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Units are to be redeemed, the Series A Preferred Units to be redeemed shall be selected pro rata (as nearly as practicable without creating fractional units). We may not redeem fewer than all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Units unless all accumulated and unpaid distributions have been paid on all Series A Preferred Units for all quarterly distribution periods terminating on or prior to the date of redemption. The Series E Preferred Units may be redeemed at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the sum of $25.00 plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption per Series E Preferred Unit, if any. The Series F Preferred Units may be redeemed at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the sum of $25.00 plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption per Series F Preferred Unit, if any.
Exchange. The Series A Preferred Units may be exchanged on and after September 30, 2015, in whole but not in part, into shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at the option of 51% of the holders of all outstanding Series A Preferred Units. In addition, the Series A Preferred Units may be exchanged, in whole but not in part, into shares of Series A Preferred Stock at any time at the option of 51% of the holders if:
| distributions on the Series A Preferred Units have not been timely made for six prior quarterly distribution periods, whether or not consecutive, or |
| the operating partnership or a subsidiary of the operating partnership is or is likely to become a publicly traded partnership. |
In addition, the Series A Preferred Units may be exchanged prior to September 30, 2015, in whole but not in part, at the option of the holders of 51% of the Series A Preferred Units if the Series A Preferred Units would not be considered stock and securities for federal income tax purposes.
The Series A Preferred Units also are exchangeable, in whole but not in part, if the operating partnership believes, or the initial holder believes, based upon the opinion of counsel, that the character of the operating partnerships assets and income would not allow it to qualify as a REIT. We may, in lieu of exchanging the Series A Preferred Units for shares of Series A Preferred Stock, elect to redeem all or a portion of the Series A Preferred Units for cash in an amount equal to the original capital contribution per Series A Preferred Unit and all accrued and unpaid distributions thereon to the date of redemption. If we elect to redeem fewer than all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Units, the number of Series A Preferred Units held by each holder to be redeemed shall equal such holders pro rata share of the aggregate number of Series A Preferred Units being redeemed. The right of the holders of Series A Preferred Units to exchange their units for shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be subject to the ownership limitations in our charter in order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Liquidation preference. The distribution and income allocation provisions of the partnership agreement have the effect of providing each Series A Preferred Unit, Series E Preferred Unit and Series F Preferred Unit with a liquidation preference to each holder equal to $50.00, $25.00 and $25.00 per share, respectively, plus any accumulated but unpaid distributions, in preference to any other class or series of partnership interest.
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Units
General. Under the terms of the partnership agreement, if we issue any shares of Series B Preferred Stock, we must contribute the proceeds to the operating partnership in exchange for the contribution of these proceeds, the operating partnership will issue to us Series B Preferred Units equal to the number of shares of Series B
27
Preferred Stock that we issued. As of the date of this prospectus, no Series B Preferred Units have been issued. In the event that shares of Series B Preferred Stock are issued, the general partner will amend the partnership agreement to provide for Series B Preferred Units which will contain the following terms and conditions:
Distributions. Each Series B Preferred Unit, if and when issued, will be entitled to receive preferential cumulative distributions payable on or before the first day of March, June, September and December, of each year at a rate in an amount per unit equal to the greater of:
| $1.00, and |
| an aggregate distribution of 100 times the distribution, if any, declared per unit on the common units since the last quarterly distribution payment date. |
The preferential distributions will be paid in preference to any payment made on any other class or series of partnership interest of the operating partnership, other than the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units, the Series F Preferred Units and any other class or series of partnership interest expressly designated as ranking on parity with or senior to the Series B Preferred Units.
Ranking. The Series B Preferred Units, if and when issued, will rank:
| senior to the operating partnerships common units and all classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Units; |
| on parity with all classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking on a parity with the Series B Preferred Units with respect to distributions and rights upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up; and |
| junior to the Series A Preferred Units, the Series E Preferred Units, the Series F Preferred Units and all other classes or series of preferred partnership units designated as ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Units. |
Approval rights. The Series B Preferred Units, if and when issued, will have no approval rights.
Redemption and exchange. The operating partnership will not be able to redeem the Series B Units at any time and the Series B Preferred Units will not be exchangeable into any of our securities or any other security of the operating partnership.
Liquidation preference. The distribution and income allocation provisions of the partnership agreement will have the effect of providing each Series B Preferred Unit with a liquidation preference to us equal to our capital contributions, plus any accumulated but unpaid distributions, in preference to any other class or series of partnership interest ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Units.
Common limited partnership units
General. The partnership agreement provides that, subject to the distribution preferences of the Series A, Series B, Series E and Series F Preferred Units, common units are entitled to receive quarterly distributions of available cash on a pro rata basis in accordance with their respective percentage interests. As of March 31, 2006, 2,892,448 common limited partnership units were issued and outstanding.
Redemption/Exchange rights. Common limited partners have the right to require the operating partnership to redeem part or all of their common units for cash based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of common stock at the time of the redemption. Alternatively, we may elect to acquire those units tendered for redemption in exchange for shares of our common stock. Our acquisition will be on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, issuance of some rights, some
28
extraordinary distributions and similar events. However, even if we elect not to acquire tendered units in exchange for shares of common stock, holders of common units that are corporations or limited liability companies may require that we issue common stock in exchange for their common units, subject to applicable ownership limits or any other limit as provided in our charter or as otherwise determined by our board of directors, as applicable. We presently anticipate that we will elect to issue shares of common stock in exchange for common units in connection with each redemption request, rather than having the operating partnership redeem the common units for cash. With each redemption or exchange, we increase our percentage ownership interest in the operating partnership. Common limited partners may exercise this redemption right from time to time, in whole or in part, except when, as a consequence of shares of common stock being issued, any persons actual or constructive stock ownership would exceed the ownership limits, or any other limit as provided in our charter or as otherwise determined by our board of directors.
Common limited partner approval rights. The partnership agreement provides that if the common limited partners own at least 5% of the outstanding common units, including those common units held by us, we will not, on behalf of the operating partnership and without the prior consent of the holders of more than 50% of the common units representing limited partner interests and excluding common units held by us, dissolve the operating partnership, unless the dissolution or sale is incident to a merger or a sale of substantially all of our assets.
29
MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
We have summarized material terms and provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws. This summary is qualified by the provisions of our charter and bylaws and the MGCL. For more detail, you should refer to our charter and bylaws, which we have previously filed with the SEC and which is incorporated herein by reference. Note that this summary may not contain all information that is important to investors.
The board of directors
Our charter provides that the number of our directors shall be established by our bylaws, but cannot be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL, which is one. Our bylaws allow our board of directors to fix or change the number to not fewer than three and not more than 13 members. The number of directors is currently fixed at seven. A majority of our remaining board of directors may fill any vacancy, other than a vacancy caused by removal. A majority of our board of directors may fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors. The stockholders entitled to vote for the election of directors at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders may fill a vacancy resulting from the removal of a director.
Our charter and bylaws provide that a majority of the board of directors must be independent directors. An independent director is a director who is not:
| an employee, officer or affiliate of us or one of our subsidiaries or divisions; |
| a relative of a principal executive officer; or |
| an individual member of an organization acting as advisor, consultant or legal counsel, who receives compensation on a continuing basis from us in addition to directors fees. |
Classified board of directors. Our charter divides our board of directors into three classes. Each class of director serves a staggered three-year term. As the term of each class expires, stockholders elect directors in that class for a term of three years and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The directors in the other two classes continue in office, serving the remaining portion of their respective three-year term. We believe that classification of our board of directors helps to assure the continuity and stability of our business strategies and policies.
The classified board of directors makes removing incumbent directors more time consuming and difficult and discourages a third party from making a tender offer for our capital stock or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, even if it might benefit us and our stockholders. The classified board increases the likelihood that incumbent directors will retain their positions by requiring at least two annual meetings of stockholders, rather than one, to elect a new majority of the board of directors. Holders of shares of common stock have no right to cumulative voting for the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of our stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote will be able to elect all of the successors of the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting.
Removal of directors. Our charter provides that our stockholders may remove a director only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors. The MGCL does not define the term cause. As a result, removal for cause is subject to Maryland common law and to judicial interpretation and review in the context of the unique facts and circumstances of any particular situation.
We are not subject to the Maryland business combination statute
We have elected not to be subject to the business combination provisions of the MGCL (sections 3-601 through 3-604) and we cannot rescind such election and become subject to these business combination provisions without the approval of holders of a majority of our shares entitled to vote.
30
In the event that we decide to be subject to the business combinations provision, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are generally prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. A business combination includes a merger, consolidation or share exchange. A business combination may also include an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined in the MGCL as:
| any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, ten percent or more of the voting power of the corporations shares; or |
| an affiliate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of ten percent or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under the business combinations provisions of the MGCL if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which such person would otherwise have become an interested stockholder.
At the conclusion of the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. None of these provisions of Maryland law will apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
As a result of our decision not to be subject to the business combinations statute, an interested stockholder would be able to effect a business combination without complying with the requirements discussed above, which may make it easier for stockholders who become interested stockholders to consummate a business combination involving us. However, we cannot assure you that any business combinations will be consummated or, if consummated, will result in a purchase of shares of capital stock from our stockholders at a premium.
We are not subject to the Maryland control share acquisition statute
We have elected in our bylaws not to be subject to the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL (sections 3-701 through 3-710). If we want to be subject to these provisions, our bylaws would need to be amended. Such amendments would require the approval of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote.
Maryland law provides that control shares of a company acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to vote, excluding shares owned by the acquiror or by officers or directors who are employees of the company. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other voting shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror, or over which the acquiror is able to directly or indirectly exercise voting power, except solely by revocable proxy, would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
| one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
31
| one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
| a majority of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include shares of stock the acquiring person is entitled to vote having obtained prior stockholder approval. Generally, control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to consider voting rights for the shares. The meeting must be held within 50 days of demand. If no request for a meeting is made, we may present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights previously have been approved, for fair value. Fair value is determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of control shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid in the control share acquisition. Limitations and restrictions otherwise applicable to the exercise of dissenters rights do not apply in the context of a control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the company is a party to the transaction, or to acquisitions approved or exempted by its charter or bylaws. Because we are not subject to these provisions, stockholders who acquire a substantial block of common stock do not need approval of the other stockholders before exercising full voting rights with respect to their shares on all matters. This may make it easier for any of these control share stockholders to effect a business combination with us. However, we cannot assure you that any business combinations will be consummated or, if consummated, will result in a purchase of shares of common stock from any stockholder at a premium.
Unsolicited Takeovers
Under certain provisions of the MGCL relating to unsolicited takeovers, a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and at least three independent directors may elect to be subject to certain statutory provisions relating to unsolicited takeovers which, among other things, would automatically classify our board of directors into three classes with staggered terms of three years each and vest in our board of directors the exclusive right to determine the number of directors and the exclusive right, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, to fill vacancies on the board of directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. These statutory provisions also provide that any director elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred, rather than the next annual meeting of directors as would otherwise be the case, and until his successor is elected and qualified.
An election to be subject to any or all of the foregoing statutory provisions may be made in our charter or bylaws, or by resolution of our board of directors. Any such statutory provision to which we elect to be subject will apply even if other provisions of Maryland law or our charter or bylaws provide to the contrary.
Our charter currently classifies the members of our board of directors into three classes with staggered terms of three years each. However, if we made an election to be subject to the statutory provisions described above, our board of directors would have the exclusive right to determine the number of directors and the exclusive right to fill vacancies on the board of directors. Moreover, any director elected to fill a vacancy would hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred.
32
We have not elected to become subject to the foregoing statutory provisions relating to unsolicited takeovers. However, we could by resolutions adopted by our board of directors and without stockholder approval, elect to become subject to some or all of these statutory provisions.
Amendment of our charter and bylaws
Our charter may generally be amended only if the amendment is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the amendment. Our bylaws generally may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors or of a majority of our shares entitled to vote. However, the following bylaw provisions may be amended only by the approval of a majority of our shares of capital stock entitled to vote:
| provisions opting out of the control share acquisition statute; |
| provisions requiring approval by the independent directors for selection of operators of our properties or of transactions involving John B. Kilroy, Sr. and John B. Kilroy, Jr. and their affiliates; and |
| provisions governing amendment of our bylaws. |
Meetings of stockholders
Our bylaws provide for annual meetings of our stockholders to elect one class of directors to our board of directors and to transact other business properly brought before the meeting. In addition, a special meeting of stockholders may be called by:
| the president; |
| the board of directors; |
| the chairman of the board; |
| a committee of the board of directors which has been duly designated by the board of directors and whose power and authority, as provided in a resolution of the board of directors or the bylaws, includes the power to call such meetings; |
| holders of 50% or more of our outstanding common stock entitled to vote by making a written request; |
| holders of 10% of our Series A Preferred Stock for the stockholders of Series A Preferred Stock and all other classes or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock to elect two additional directors to our board of directors if dividends on any shares of Series A Preferred Stock remain unpaid for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive; |
| holders of 10% of our Series D Preferred Stock for the stockholders of Series D Preferred Stock and all other classes or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock to elect two additional directors to our board of directors if dividends on any shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain unpaid for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive; |
| holders of 10% of our Series E Preferred Stock for the stockholders of Series E Preferred Stock and all other classes or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock to elect two additional directors to our board of directors if dividends on any shares of Series E Preferred Stock remain unpaid for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive; and |
| holders of 10% of our Series F Preferred Stock for the stockholders of Series F Preferred Stock and all other classes or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series F Preferred Stock to elect two additional directors to our board of directors if dividends on any shares of Series F Preferred Stock remain unpaid for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive. |
The MGCL provides that our stockholders also may act by unanimous written consent without a meeting with respect to any action that they are required or permitted to take at a meeting. To do so, each stockholder entitled to vote on the matter must sign the consent setting forth the action.
33
Advance notice of director nominations and new business
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by stockholders at the meeting may be made only:
| pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
| by or at the direction of our board of directors; or |
| by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. |
Our bylaws also provide that with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in the notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting.
The advance notice provisions of our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which holders of some, or a majority, of the shares of common stock might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which holders of our common stock believe is in their best interests.
Dissolution of our company
Under the MGCL, we may be dissolved if a majority of our entire board of directors determines by resolution that dissolution is advisable and submits a proposal for dissolution for consideration at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, and this proposal is approved, by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote on the dissolution.
Indemnification and limitation of directors and officers liability
Our charter and bylaws, and the partnership agreement, provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.
The MGCL permits us to indemnify our directors and officers and other parties against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
Under the MGCL, we may indemnify our directors or officers against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses that they actually incur in connection with the proceeding unless the proceeding is one by us or in our right and the director or officer has been found to be liable to us. In addition, we may not indemnify a director or officer in any proceeding charging improper personal benefit to them if they were found to be liable on the basis that personal benefit was received. The termination of any proceeding by conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of any order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the director or officer did not meet the requisite standard of conduct required for indemnification to be permitted.
34
As permitted by the MGCL, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, subject to specified restrictions. However, the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages is not limited if:
| it is proved that the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| a judgment or other final adjudication is entered in a proceeding based on a finding that the directors or officers action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. |
This provision does not limit our ability or our stockholders ability to obtain other relief, such as an injunction or rescission.
The partnership agreement provides that we, as general partner, and our officers and directors are indemnified to the same extent our officers and directors are indemnified in our charter. The partnership agreement limits our liability and the liability of our officers and directors to the operating partnership and its partners to the same extent that our charter limits the liability of our officers and directors to us and our stockholders. See the discussion in this prospectus under the section entitled Description of Material Provisions of the Partnership Agreement of Kilroy Realty, L.P.Indemnification of our officers and directors.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Indemnification agreements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors. The indemnification agreements provide that:
| we must indemnify our executive officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and advance to our executive officers and directors all expenses related to the defense of indemnifiable claims against them, subject to reimbursement if it is subsequently determined that indemnification is not permitted; |
| we must indemnify and advance all expenses incurred by executive officers and directors seeking to enforce their rights under the indemnification agreements; and |
| we may cover executive officers and directors under our directors and officers liability insurance. |
Our indemnification agreements with our officers and directors offer substantially the same scope of coverage afforded by applicable law. In addition, as contracts, these indemnification agreements provide greater assurance to our directors and executive officers that indemnification will be available because they cannot be modified unilaterally in the future by the board of directors or the stockholders to eliminate the rights that they provide.
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Charter and Bylaws
If the resolution of our board of directors exempting us from the business combination provisions of the MGCL and the applicable provision in our bylaws exempting us from the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL are rescinded or revoked (which in each case would require stockholder approval) or we elect to be subject to the unsolicited takeover provisions of the MGCL, the business combination, control share acquisition and unsolicited takeover provisions of the MGCL, our classified board of directors, the provisions of our charter on removal of directors, the advance notice provisions of our bylaws and certain other provisions of our charter and bylaws and Maryland law could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of us or other transactions that might involve a premium price for holders of our capital stock or otherwise be in their best interest.
35
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a general summary of the material federal income tax considerations related to our election to be taxed as a REIT and the material federal income tax considerations anticipated to be material to purchasers of our common stock. This discussion does not attempt to address any aspects of federal income taxation relevant to your ownership of securities other than common stock offered by this prospectus. Instead, the material federal income tax considerations relevant to your ownership of the securities other than common stock offered by this prospectus will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement that relates to those securities. Your tax treatment will vary depending upon the terms of the specific securities that you acquire, as well as your particular situation. This summary is for general information only and is not tax advice.
The information in this summary is based on current law, including:
| the Internal Revenue Code; |
| current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code; |
| the legislative history of the Internal Revenue Code; |
| current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service; and |
| court decisions; |
in each case, as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings that are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and practices and/or court decisions may adversely affect the tax considerations contained in this discussion. Any such change could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change.
We have not requested, and do not plan to request, any rulings from the Internal Revenue Service concerning our tax status as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in this summary will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or will be sustained by a court if so challenged. This summary does not discuss any state, local or foreign tax consequences associated with our election to be taxed as a REIT or with the acquisition, ownership, sale or other disposition of our securities.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors and, in the case of securities other than common stock offered by this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, regarding the specific tax consequences to you of:
| the acquisition, ownership and sale or other disposition of our securities, including the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences; |
| our election to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes; and |
| potential changes in the applicable tax laws. |
Taxation of Kilroy Realty Corporation
General. We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1997. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner which will allow us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1997, and we intend to continue to be organized and operate in this manner. However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Internal Revenue Code, including through actual annual operating
36
results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized and operate, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. See Failure to Qualify.
The sections of the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations that relate to qualification and operation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following sets forth the material aspects of the sections of the Internal Revenue Code that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Internal Revenue Code provisions, relevant rules and regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code, and administrative and judicial interpretations of the Internal Revenue Code and these rules and regulations.
Latham & Watkins LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this registration of our offered securities and our election to be taxed as a REIT. Latham & Watkins LLP has rendered an opinion to us to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1997, we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters, including representations made by us in a factual certificate provided by one of our officers. In addition, this opinion is based upon our factual representations set forth in this prospectus. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code which are discussed below, including through actual annual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham & Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy those requirements. See Failure to Qualify. Further, the anticipated income tax treatment described in this prospectus may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time. Latham & Watkins LLP has no obligation to update its opinion subsequent to its date.
Provided we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be required to pay federal corporate income taxes on our net income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the double taxation that ordinarily results from investment in a C corporation. A C corporation is a corporation that is generally required to pay tax at the corporate-level. Double taxation generally means taxation that occurs once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when the income is distributed. We will be required to pay federal income tax, however, as follows:
| We will be required to pay tax at regular corporate tax rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. |
| We may be required to pay the alternative minimum tax on our items of tax preference under some circumstances. |
| If we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of foreclosure property which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be required to pay tax at the highest corporate rate on this income. Foreclosure property is generally defined as property we acquired through foreclosure or after a default on a loan secured by the property or a lease of the property. |
| We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. |
| If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below, but have otherwise maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be required to pay a tax equal to (1) the greater of (A) the amount by which 75% of our gross income exceeds the amount qualifying under the 75% gross income test, and (B) the amount by which |
37
95% of our gross income exceeds the amount qualifying under the 95% gross income test, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
| If we fail to satisfy any of the REIT asset tests (other than a de minimis failure of the 5% and 10% asset tests), as described below, due to reasonable cause and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets that caused us to fail such test. |
| If we fail to satisfy any provision of the Internal Revenue Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a violation of the REIT gross income tests or certain violations of the asset tests described below) and the violation is due to reasonable cause, we may retain our REIT qualification but will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. |
| We will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. |
| If we acquire any asset from a corporation which is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the hands of the C corporation, and we subsequently recognize gain on the disposition of the asset during the ten-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, then we will be required to pay tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate on this gain to the extent of the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset over (2) our adjusted basis in the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset. The results described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of such gain assume that the C corporation refrains from making an election under the applicable Treasury Regulations. |
| We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours to any of our tenants. See Penalty Tax. Redetermined deductions and excess interest generally represent amounts that are deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arms length negotiations. |
Requirements for Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust. The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
(1) | that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
(2) | that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership; |
(3) | that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code; |
(4) | that is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions the Internal Revenue Code; |
(5) | that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons; |
(6) | not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities, during the last half of each taxable year; and |
(7) | that meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions. |
38
The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions (1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of condition (6), specified tax-exempt entities are treated as individuals, except that a look-through exception applies with respect to pension funds.
We believe that we have been organized, have operated and have issued sufficient shares of capital stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy conditions (1) through (7) inclusive, during the relevant time periods. In addition, our charter provides for restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our shares which are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. These stock ownership and transfer restrictions are described in Description of Capital StockRestrictions on ownership and transfer of capital stock. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, except as provided in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury regulations that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement. See Failure to Qualify.
In addition, we may not maintain our status as a REIT unless our taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year.
Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. We own and operate one or more properties through partnerships and limited liability companies. Treasury regulations generally provide that, in the case of a REIT which is a partner in a partnership or a member in a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, based on its interest in partnership capital, subject to special rules relating to the 10% REIT asset test described below. Also, pursuant to Treasury regulations, the REIT will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of the partnership or limited liability company retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code, including satisfying the gross income tests and the asset tests. In addition, for these purposes, the assets and items of income of any partnership or limited liability company in which we directly or indirectly own an interest include such entitys share of assets and items of income of any partnership or limited liability company in which it owns an interest. We have included a brief summary of the rules governing the federal income taxation of partnerships and limited liability companies below in Tax Aspects of Kilroy Realty, L.P., the Subsidiary Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies.
We have direct control of the operating partnership and certain subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies and we intend to continue to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. From time to time, we may be a limited partner or non-managing member in certain partnerships and limited liability companies. If such partnership or limited liability company were to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we could be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below. See Failure to Qualify below.
We may from time to time own and operate certain properties through wholly owned subsidiaries that we intend to be treated as qualified REIT subsidiaries under the Internal Revenue Code. A corporation will qualify
39
as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the corporations outstanding stock and we do not elect with the corporation to treat it as a taxable REIT subsidiary, as described below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of our qualified REIT subsidiaries will be treated as our assets, liabilities and such items, for all purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, including the REIT qualification tests. Thus, in applying the federal tax requirements described in this prospectus, any corporations in which we own a 100% interest (other than any taxable REIT subsidiaries) are ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such corporations are treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not required to pay federal income tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary does not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under Asset Tests.
Ownership of Interests in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary of ours is a corporation other than a REIT in which we directly or indirectly hold stock and that has made a joint election with us to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes any corporation other than a REIT with respect to which a taxable REIT subsidiary owns securities possessing more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of such corporation. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent REIT. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a regular C corporation. In addition, a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours may be prevented from deducting interest on debt that we directly or indirectly fund if certain tests regarding the taxable REIT subsidiarys debt-to-equity ratio and interest expense are satisfied. Our ownership of securities of our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not be subject to the 10% or 5% asset tests described below. See Asset Tests. We currently own interests in Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc., and we have jointly elected with it to have it be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We may acquire interests in additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future.
Income Tests. We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or indirectly at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from (a) investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including rents from real property and, in certain circumstances, interest, or (b) certain types of temporary investments. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from the real property investments described above or dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of the foregoing.
For these purposes, the term interest generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of all or some of the amount depends in any way on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term interest solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
Rents we receive from a tenant will qualify as rents from real property for the purpose of satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if all of the following conditions are met:
| The amount of rent must not be based in any way on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount we receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the term rents from real property solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales; |
| We, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our stock, must not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the interests in the tenant, or, if the tenant is a corporation, 10% or more of the voting power or value of all classes of stock of the tenant. Rents we receive from such a tenant that is a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours, however, will not be excluded from the definition of rents from real property if at least 90% of the space at the property to which the rents relate is leased to third parties, and the rents paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially comparable to rents paid by our other |
40
tenants for comparable space. Whether rents paid by our taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially comparable to rents paid by our other tenants is determined at the time the lease with the taxable REIT subsidiary is entered into, extended, and modified, if such modification increases the rents due under such lease. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a lease with a controlled taxable REIT subsidiary is modified and such modification results in an increase in the rents payable by such taxable REIT subsidiary, any such increase will not qualify as rents from real property. For purposes of this rule, a controlled taxable REIT subsidiary is a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own stock possessing more than 50% of the voting power or more than 50% of the total value of the outstanding stock of such taxable REIT subsidiary; |
| Rent attributable to personal property, leased in connection with a lease of real property, is not greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. If this condition is not met, then the portion of the rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as rents from real property; and |
| We generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to our tenants, subject to a 1% de minimis exception, other than through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue. We may, however, perform services that are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property. Examples of these services include the provision of light, heat, or other utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common areas. In addition, we may employ an independent contractor to provide customary services, or a taxable REIT subsidiary, which may be wholly or partially owned by us, to provide both customary and non-customary services to our tenants without causing the rent we receive from those tenants to fail to qualify as rents from real property. Any amounts we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary with respect to the taxable REIT subsidiarys provision of non-customary services will, however, be nonqualifying income under the 75% gross income test and, except to the extent received through the payment of dividends, the 95% REIT gross income test. |
We generally do not intend, and as a general partner of the operating partnership do not intend to permit the operating partnership, to take actions we believe will cause us to fail to satisfy the rental conditions described above. However, we may intentionally fail to satisfy some of these conditions to the extent such failure will not, based on the advice of our tax counsel, jeopardize our tax status as a REIT. In addition, with respect to the limitation on the rental of personal property, we have not obtained appraisals of the real property and personal property leased to tenants. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our determinations of value.
Income we receive that is attributable to the rental of parking spaces at the properties will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests if certain services provided with respect to the parking facilities are performed by independent contractors from whom we derive no income, either directly or indirectly, or by a taxable REIT subsidiary, and certain other conditions are met. We believe that the income we receive that is attributable to parking facilities meets these tests and, accordingly, will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests.
From time to time, we enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income we derive from a hedging transaction which is clearly identified as such as specified in the Internal Revenue Code, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, and therefore will be exempt from this test, but only to the extent that the transaction hedges indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or carry real estate assets. Income from any hedging transaction will, however, be nonqualifying for purposes of the 75% gross income test. The term hedging transaction, as used above, generally means any transaction we enter into in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate changes or fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to
41
be made by us. To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges, hedge with other types of financial instruments, or hedge other types of indebtedness, the income from those transactions will not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
To the extent our taxable REIT subsidiary, Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc., pays dividends, we generally will derive our allocable share of such dividend income through our interest in the operating partnership. Such dividend income will qualify under the 95%, but not the 75%, REIT gross income test. We will monitor the amount of the dividend and other income from our taxable REIT subsidiaries and will take actions intended to keep this income, and any other nonqualifying income, within the limitations of the REIT income tests. While we expect these actions will prevent a violation of the REIT income tests, we cannot guarantee that such actions will in all cases prevent such a violation.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for the year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Commencing with our taxable year beginning January 1, 2005, we generally may avail ourselves of the relief provisions if:
| following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the Internal Revenue Service setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations to be issued; and |
| our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. |
It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally accrue or receive exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the Internal Revenue Service could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above in Taxation of Kilroy Realty CorporationGeneral, even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our status as a REIT, a tax would be imposed with respect to our nonqualifying income. We may not always be able to comply with the gross income tests for REIT qualification despite periodic monitoring of our income.
Prohibited Transaction Income. Any gain that we realize on the sale of property held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, including our share of any such gain realized by the operating partnership, either directly or through its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. This prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. We intend to hold our properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing and owning properties and to make occasional sales of the properties consistent with our investment objectives. We do not intend to enter into any sales that are prohibited transactions. However, the Internal Revenue Service may successfully contend that some or all of the sales made by us or by our subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies are prohibited transactions. We would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains from any such sales.
Penalty Tax. Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of any services furnished to any of our tenants by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent any amounts that are deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary for amounts
42
paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arms length negotiations. Rents we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for certain safe harbor provisions contained in the Internal Revenue Code.
We believe that, in all instances in which Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. provides services to our tenants, the fees paid to Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. for such services are at arms-length rates, although the fees paid may not satisfy the safe-harbor provisions contained in the Internal Revenue Code. These determinations are inherently factual, and the Internal Revenue Service has broad discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their respective incomes. If the Internal Revenue Service successfully made such an assertion, we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on the excess of an arms-length fee for tenant services over the amount actually paid.
Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets.
First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets, including assets held by our qualified REIT subsidiaries and our allocable share of the assets held by the operating partnership and its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items and government securities. For purposes of this test, the term real estate assets generally mean real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) and shares (or transferable certificates of beneficial interest) in other REITs, as well as any stock or debt instrument attributable to investment of the proceeds of a stock offering or a public offering of debt with a term of at least five years, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we receive such proceeds.
Second, not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset test.
Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, and except for investments in other REITs, our qualified REIT subsidiaries and our taxable REIT subsidiaries, the value of any one issuers securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets and we may not own more than 10% of the total vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, except, in the case of the 10% value test, securities satisfying the straight debt safe-harbor. Certain types of securities we may own are disregarded as securities solely for purposes of the 10% value test, including but not limited to, any loan to an individual or an estate, any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT. In addition, commencing with our taxable year beginning January 1, 2005, solely for purposes of the 10% value test, the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose, certain securities described in the Internal Revenue Code. For years prior to 2001, the 10% limit applies only with respect to voting securities of any issuer and not to the value of the securities of any issuer.
Fourth, not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. The operating partnership owns 100% of the outstanding stock of Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. elected, together with us, to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. So long as Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. qualifies as our taxable REIT subsidiary, we will not be subject to the 5% asset test, the 10% voting securities limitation or the 10% value limitation with respect to our ownership of securities in Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. We or Kilroy Realty TRS, Inc. may acquire securities in other taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. We believe that the aggregate value of our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not exceed 20% of the aggregate value of our gross assets. With respect to each issuer in which we currently own an interest that does not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that our ownership of the securities of any such issuer has complied with the 5% asset test, the 10% voting securities limitation, 10% value limitation, and the 75% asset test. No independent appraisals have been obtained to support these conclusions. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not disagree with our determinations of value.
43
The asset tests described above must be satisfied at the close of each calendar quarter of our taxable year in which we (directly or through the operating partnership or our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies) acquire securities in the applicable issuer, and also at the close of each calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of such issuer (including as a result of increasing our interest in the operating partnership or in our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies). For example, our indirect ownership of securities of each issuer will increase as a result of our capital contributions to the operating partnership and as limited partners exercise their redemption/exchange rights. After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy an asset test because we acquire securities or other property during a quarter (including as a result of an increase in our interests in the operating partnership or in our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies), we may cure this failure by disposing of sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We believe that we have maintained and intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests. In addition, we intend to take such actions within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance.
Commencing with our taxable year beginning January 1, 2005, certain relief provisions may be available to us if we fail to satisfy the asset tests described above after the 30 day cure period. Under these provisions, we will be deemed to have met the 5% and 10% REIT asset tests if the value of our nonqualifying assets (i) does not exceed the lesser of (a) 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the applicable quarter or (b) $10,000,000, and (ii) we dispose of the nonqualifying assets or otherwise satisfy such asset tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury regulations to be issued. For violations of any of the asset tests due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and that are, in the case of the 5% and 10% asset test, in excess of the de minimis exception described above, we may avoid disqualification as a REIT, after the 30 day cure period, by taking steps including (i) the disposition of sufficient nonqualifying assets, or the taking of other actions, which allow us to meet the asset tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury regulations to be issued, (ii) paying a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 or (b) the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets, and (iii) disclosing certain information to the Internal Revenue Service.
Although we believe that we have satisfied the asset tests described above and plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which retesting is to occur, there can be no assurance that we will always be successful, or will not require a reduction in the operating partnerships overall interest in an issuer (including in a taxable REIT subsidiary). If we fail to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests in a timely manner, and the relief provisions described above are not available, we would cease to qualify as a REIT. See Failure to Qualify below.
Annual Distribution Requirements. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to the sum of:
| 90% of our real estate investment trust taxable income; and |
| 90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus |
| the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of the real estate investment trust taxable income. |
For these purposes, our real estate investment trust taxable income is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain. In addition, for purposes of this test, non-cash income means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount on purchase money debt, cancellation of indebtedness or a like-kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable.
In addition, if we dispose of any asset we acquired from a corporation which is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the asset is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the hands of
44
that C corporation, within the ten-year period following our acquisition of such asset, we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the after-tax gain, if any, we recognized on the disposition of the asset, to the extent that gain does not exceed the excess of (a) the fair market value of the asset, over (b) our adjusted basis in the asset, in each case, on the date we acquired the asset.
We generally must pay, or be treated as paying, the distributions described above in the taxable year to which they relate. At our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration, provided such payment is made during the twelve-month period following the close of such year. These distributions generally are taxable to our stockholders, other than tax-exempt entities, in the year in which paid. This is so even though these distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of our 90% distribution requirement. The amount distributed must not be preferential (i.e., every stockholder of the class of stock to which a distribution is made must be treated the same as every other stockholder of that class, and no class of stock may be treated other than in according to its dividend rights as a class). To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our real estate investment trust taxable income, as adjusted, we will be required to pay tax on the undistributed amount at regular corporate tax rates. We believe we have made, and intend to continue to make, timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements and to minimize our corporate tax obligations. In this regard, the partnership agreement of the operating partnership authorizes us, as general partner of the operating partnership, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause the operating partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit us to meet these distribution requirements.
We expect that our real estate investment trust taxable income will be less than our cash flow because of depreciation and other non-cash charges included in computing real estate investment trust taxable income. Accordingly, we anticipate that we will generally have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the distribution requirements described above. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses in arriving at our taxable income. If these timing differences occur, we be required to borrow funds or pay dividends in the form of taxable stock dividends in order to meet the distribution requirements.
Under some circumstances, we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the 90% distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we will be required to pay interest to the Internal Revenue Service based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends.
Furthermore, we will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year, at least the sum of 85% of our real estate investment trust ordinary income for such year, 95% of our real estate investment trust capital gain net income for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. Any real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain on which this excise tax is imposed for any year is treated as an amount distributed during that year for purposes of calculating such tax.
For purposes of the distribution requirements and excise tax described above, distributions declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date during such period, and paid during January of the following year, will be treated as paid by us and received by our stockholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared.
Like-Kind Exchanges. We have in the past disposed of properties in transactions intended to qualify as like-kind exchanges under the Internal Revenue Code, and may continue this practice in the future. Such like-kind exchanges are intended to result in the deferral of gain for federal income tax purposes. The failure of any such transaction to qualify as a like-kind exchange could subject us to federal income tax, possibly including the 100% prohibited transaction tax, depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
45
Failure to Qualify
Commencing with our taxable year beginning January 1, 2005, specified cure provisions will be available to us in the event that we discover a violation of a provision of the Internal Revenue Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT. Except with respect to violations of the REIT income tests and assets tests (for which the cure provisions are described above), and provided the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, these cure provisions generally impose a $50,000 penalty for each violation in lieu of a loss of REIT status.
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be required to pay tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us, and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders. As a result, we anticipate that our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. In this event, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
Tax Aspects of Kilroy Realty, L.P., the Subsidiary Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies
General. Substantially all of our investments are held indirectly through the operating partnership. In addition, the operating partnership holds certain of its investments indirectly through subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies which we expect will be treated as partnerships or disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes. In general, entities that are classified as partnerships (or disregarded entities) for federal income tax purposes are pass-through entities which are not required to pay federal income tax. Rather, partners or members of such entities are allocated their shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the entity, and are potentially required to pay tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners or members receive a distribution of cash from the entity. We will include in our income our proportionate share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of our real estate investment trust taxable income. Moreover, as described above under Asset Tests, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, we will generally include our proportionate share of assets held by the operating partnership, including its share of assets held by its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies. See Taxation of Kilroy Realty Corporation.
Entity Classification. Our interests in the operating partnership and its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies involve special tax considerations, including the possibility that the Internal Revenue Service might challenge the status of any of these entities as a partnership (or disregarded entity), as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If the operating partnership, a subsidiary partnership or a limited liability company were treated as an association, it would be taxable as a corporation and would be required to pay an entity-level tax on its income. In this situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and could preclude us from satisfying the asset tests and possibly the income tests (see Taxation of Kilroy Realty CorporationAsset Tests and Income Tests). This, in turn, could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. See Failure to Qualify for a discussion of the effect of our failure to meet these tests for a taxable year. In addition, a change in the operating partnerships, a subsidiary partnerships or a subsidiary limited liability companys status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event. If so, we might incur a tax liability without any related cash distributions.
Treasury regulations that apply for tax periods beginning on or after January 1, 1997 provide that a domestic business entity not otherwise organized as a corporation and which has at least two members may elect to be taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Unless it elects otherwise, an eligible entity in existence prior to January 1, 1997 will have the same classification for federal income tax purposes that it claimed under
46
the entity classification Treasury regulations in effect prior to this date. In addition, an eligible entity which did not exist, or did not claim a classification, prior to January 1, 1997, will be classified as a partnership (or disregarded entity) for federal income tax purposes unless it elects otherwise. The operating partnership and each of our other partnerships and limited liability companies intend to claim classification as partnerships (or disregarded entities) under these regulations. As a result, we believe these entities will be classified as partnerships (or disregarded entities) for federal income tax purposes.
Allocations of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction. A partnership or limited liability company agreement will generally determine the allocation of income and losses among partners or members. These allocations, however, will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations. Generally, Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations require that partnership and limited liability company allocations respect the economic arrangement of the partners or members.
The Kilroy Realty, L.P. partnership agreement provides for preferred distributions of cash and preferred allocations of income to the holders of its preferred units. These units have been issued to us and to limited partners of the partnership. We will acquire these units upon any exchange of such units for shares of our preferred stock. In addition, upon our issuance of additional shares of preferred stock for cash or other consideration, we will contribute the net proceeds or other consideration from such issuance to the operating partnership in exchange for additional preferred units with similar terms. In general, all remaining items of income and loss will be allocated to the holders of common units in proportion to the number of common units held by each unit holder. See Description of Material Provisions of the Partnership Agreement of Kilroy Realty, L.P.Allocations of net income and net losses to partners. Some limited partners have agreed to guarantee debt of the operating partnership, either directly or indirectly through an agreement to make capital contributions to the operating partnership under limited circumstances. As a result, and notwithstanding the above discussion of allocations of income and loss to holders of common units, these limited partners could under limited circumstances be allocated a disproportionate amount of net loss upon a liquidation of the operating partnership.
If an allocation is not recognized by the Internal Revenue Service for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners or members interests in the partnership or limited liability company. This reallocation will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners or members with respect to such item. The operating partnerships allocations of taxable income and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated under this section of the Internal Revenue Code.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership or limited liability company in exchange for an interest in the partnership or limited liability company, must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner or member is charged with the unrealized gain, or benefits from the unrealized loss, associated with the property at the time of the contribution, as adjusted from time to time. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value or book value and the adjusted tax basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners or members. The operating partnership was formed by way of contributions of appreciated property (i.e., property having an adjusted tax basis less than its fair market value at the time of contribution). Moreover, subsequent to the formation of the operating partnership, additional appreciated property has been contributed to the operating partnership in exchange for interests in the operating partnership. The partnership agreement requires that these allocations be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Treasury regulations issued under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code provide partnerships and limited liability companies with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences, including
47
retention of the traditional method or the election of certain methods which would permit any distortions caused by a book-tax difference to be entirely rectified on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. We and the operating partnership have determined to use the traditional method for accounting for book-tax differences for the properties initially contributed to the operating partnership and for certain assets contributed subsequently. We and the operating partnership have not yet decided what method will be used to account for book-tax differences for properties acquired by the operating partnership in the future.
In general, the partners of the operating partnership who acquired their limited partnership interests through a contribution of appreciated property will be allocated depreciation deductions for tax purposes that are lower than such deductions would have been if they had been determined on a pro rata basis. In addition, in the event of the disposition of any of the contributed assets which have such a book-tax difference, all income attributable to such book-tax difference (as adjusted) generally will be allocated to the contributing partners. These allocations will tend to eliminate the book-tax difference over the life of the operating partnership. However, under the traditional method, the special allocation rules of Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code do not always entirely eliminate the book-tax difference on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. Thus, the carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of the operating partnership may cause us or other partners to be allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and possibly an amount of taxable income in the event of a sale of such contributed assets in excess of the economic or book income allocated to us or other partners as a result of the sale. Such an allocation might cause us or other partners to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See Taxation of Kilroy Realty CorporationRequirements for Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust and Distribution Requirements.
Any property acquired by the operating partnership in a taxable transaction will initially have a tax basis equal to its fair market value, and Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code will not apply.
Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Common Stock
The following summary describes the principal United States federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning and disposing of our common stock. You should consult your tax advisors concerning the application of United States federal income tax laws to your particular situation as well as any consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing jurisdiction.
This summary deals only with common stock held as a capital asset, which is generally property held for investment within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code. Your tax treatment will vary depending on your particular situation, and this discussion does not address all the tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. State, local and foreign income tax laws may differ substantially from the corresponding federal income tax laws, and this discussion does not purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. In addition, this discussion does not address the tax consequences relevant to persons who receive special treatment under the United States federal income tax law, except to the extent discussed under the headings Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders and Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders. Holders of common stock receiving special treatment include, without limitation:
| financial institutions, banks and thrifts; |
| insurance companies; |
| tax-exempt organizations; |
| S corporations; |
| traders in securities that elect to mark to market; |
48
| persons holding the common stock through a partnership or other pass-through entity; |
| holders subject to the alternative minimum tax; |
| regulated investment companies and REITs; |
| foreign corporations or partnerships, and persons who are not residents or citizens of the United States; |
| broker-dealers or dealers in securities or currencies; |
| United States expatriates; |
| persons holding our common stock as a hedge against currency risks, as part of an integrated transaction, or as a position in a straddle; or |
| United States persons whose functional currency is not the United States dollar. |
When we use the term U.S. stockholder, we mean a holder of shares of our common stock who is, for United States federal income tax purposes:
| a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation, partnership, or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, or of any state thereof, or in the District of Columbia, unless, in the case of a partnership, Treasury Regulations provide otherwise; |
| an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| a trust whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, to the extent provided in the Treasury Regulations, certain trusts in existence on August 20, 1996, and treated as United States persons prior to this date that elect to continue to be treated as United States persons, shall also be considered U.S. stockholders. |
If you hold shares of our common stock and are not a U.S. stockholder, you are a non-U.S. stockholder. See Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders below.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders Generally
Distributions Generally. Distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, other than capital gain dividends and certain amounts previously subject to corporate level taxation as discussed below, will constitute dividends taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as ordinary income. See Tax Rates below. As long as we qualify as a REIT, these distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S. stockholders that are corporations. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders of our common stock are out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding preferred stock and then to our outstanding common stock.
To the extent that we make distributions on our common stock in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to a U.S. stockholder. This treatment will reduce the adjusted tax basis which the U.S. stockholder has in its shares of our common stock by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and in excess of a U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain. Such gain will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October, November, or December of any year and which are payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any of these months will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year. U.S. stockholders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
49
Capital Gain Dividends. Dividends that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as a gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset, to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. These gains may be taxable to non-corporate U.S. stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. U.S. stockholders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income. If we properly designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend then, except as otherwise required by law, we presently intend to allocate a portion of the total capital gain dividends paid or made available to holders of all classes of our stock for the year to the holders of our common stock in proportion to the amount that our total dividends, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to the holders of such common stock for the year bears to the total dividends, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to holders of all classes of our stock for the year.
Retention of Net Capital Gains. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, all or a portion of our net capital gains. If we make this election, we would pay tax on our retained net capital gains. In addition, to the extent we so elect, a U.S. stockholder generally would:
| include its pro rata share of our undistributed net capital gains in computing its long-term capital gains in its return for its taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls, subject to certain limitations as to the amount that is includable; |
| be deemed to have paid the capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts included in the U.S. stockholders long-term capital gains; |
| receive a credit or refund for the amount of tax deemed paid by it; |
| increase the adjusted basis of its common stock by the difference between the amount of includable gains and the tax deemed to have been paid by it; and |
| in the case of a U.S. stockholder that is a corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gains in accordance with Treasury Regulations to be promulgated by the IRS. |
Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations. Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. stockholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. stockholders generally will not be able to apply any passive losses against this income or gain. A U.S. stockholder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition of stock and qualified dividend income as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation, but in such case, the stockholder will be taxed at ordinary income rates on such amount. Other distributions made by us, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.
Dispositions of Our Common Stock. If a U.S. stockholder sells or disposes of shares of common stock to a person other than us, it will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition and the holders adjusted tax basis in the shares for tax purposes. This gain or loss, except as provided below, will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder has held the common stock for more than one year. However, if a U.S. stockholder recognizes loss upon the sale or other disposition of common stock that it has held for six months or less, after applying certain holding period rules, the loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent the U.S. stockholder received distributions from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
Backup Withholding
We report to our U.S. stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless the holder is a corporation or comes within certain other
50
exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholders federal income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status. See Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.
Taxation of Tax Exempt Stockholders
Dividend income from us and gain arising upon a sale of shares generally will not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder, except as described below. This income or gain will be unrelated business taxable income, however, if a tax-exempt stockholder holds its shares as debt-financed property within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code or if the shares are used in a trade or business of the tax-exempt stockholder. Generally, debt-financed property is property the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder.
For tax-exempt stockholders which are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, income from an investment in our shares will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for specific purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our shares. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these set aside and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a pension-held REIT may be treated as unrelated business taxable income as to some trusts that hold more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A REIT will not be a pension-held REIT if it is able to satisfy the not closely held requirement without relying on the look-through exception with respect to certain trusts. As a result of limitations on the transfer and ownership of stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be classified as a pension-held REIT, and as a result, the tax treatment described in this paragraph should be inapplicable to our stockholders. However, because our stock will be publicly traded, we cannot guarantee that this will always be the case.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The preceding discussion does not address the rules governing United States federal income taxation of the ownership and disposition of our common stock by persons that are non-U.S. stockholders. In general, non-U.S. stockholders may be subject to special tax withholding requirements on distributions from us and with respect to their sale or other disposition of our common stock, except to the extent reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the United States and the non-U.S. stockholders country. A non-U.S. stockholder who is a stockholder of record and is eligible for reduction or elimination of withholding must file an appropriate form with us in order to claim such treatment. Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences to them of an acquisition of shares of our common stock, including the United States federal income tax treatment of dispositions of interests in and the receipt of distributions from us.
Tax Rates
The maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for (1) capital gains, including certain capital gain dividends, has generally been reduced from to 15% (although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (2) qualified dividend income has generally been reduced to 15%. In general,
51
dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on corporate dividends, except to the extent that certain holding requirements have been met and the REITs dividends are attributable to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its taxable REIT subsidiaries) or to income that was subject to tax at the corporate/REIT level (for example, if it distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year). The currently applicable provisions of the United States federal income tax laws relating to the 15% tax rate are currently scheduled to sunset or revert to the provisions of prior law effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008, at which time the capital gains tax rate will be increased to 20% and the rate applicable to dividends will be increased to the tax rate then applicable to ordinary income.
Other Tax Consequences
State, local and foreign income tax laws may differ substantially from the corresponding federal income tax laws, and this discussion does not purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of state, local and foreign tax laws with respect to our tax treatment as a REIT and on an investment in our securities.
52
The following is a summary of certain material considerations arising under the Employee Retirement Income Securities Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, and the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code that may be relevant to a prospective purchaser. The following summary may also be relevant to a prospective purchaser that is not an employee benefit plan which is subject to ERISA, but is a tax-qualified retirement plan or an individual retirement account, individual retirement annuity, medical savings account or education savings account, which we refer to collectively as an IRA. This discussion does not address all aspects of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code or, to the extent not preempted, state law that may be relevant to particular employee benefit plan purchasers in light of their particular circumstances, including plans subject to Title I of ERISA, other employee benefit plans and IRAs subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and governmental, church, foreign and other plans that are exempt from ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code but that may be subject to other federal, state, local or foreign law requirements.
A fiduciary making the decision to invest in offered securities on behalf of a prospective purchaser which is an ERISA plan, a tax qualified retirement plan, an IRA or other employee benefit plan is advised to consult its legal advisor regarding the specific considerations arising under ERISA, Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code and, to the extent not preempted, state and local law with respect to the purchase, ownership or sale of offered securities by the plan or IRA.
Prior to making an investment in offered securities, prospective employee benefit plan investors, whether or not subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, should consult with their legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code (and, particularly in the case of non-ERISA plans and arrangements, any additional state, local and foreign law considerations), as applicable, and the potential consequences in their specific circumstances of an investment in such securities.
Plans should also consider the entire discussion under the heading United States Federal Income Tax Considerations, as material contained in that section is relevant to any decision by an employee benefit plan, tax-qualified retirement plan or IRA to purchase offered securities.
Employee benefit plans, tax-qualified retirement plans and IRAs
Each fiduciary of an ERISA plan, which is an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA, should carefully consider whether an investment in offered securities is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities under ERISA. In particular, the fiduciary requirements of Part 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA require that:
| an ERISA plan make investments that are prudent and in the best interests of the ERISA plan, its participants and beneficiaries; |
| an ERISA plan make investments that are diversified in order to reduce the risk of large losses, unless it is clearly prudent for the ERISA plan not to do so; |
| an ERISA plans investments are authorized under ERISA and the terms of the governing documents of the ERISA plan; and |
| the fiduciary not cause the ERISA plan to enter into transactions prohibited under Section 406 of ERISA and certain corresponding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. |
In determining whether an investment in offered securities is prudent for ERISA purposes, the appropriate fiduciary of an ERISA plan should consider all of the facts and circumstances, including whether the investment is reasonably designed, as a part of the ERISA plans portfolio for which the fiduciary has investment responsibility, to meet the objectives of the ERISA plan, taking into consideration the risk of loss and
53
opportunity for gain or other return from the investment, the diversification, cash flow and funding requirements of the ERISA plan, and the liquidity and current return of the ERISA plans portfolio. A fiduciary should also take into account the nature of our business, the length of our operating history and other matters described or cross-referenced in the section entitled Risk Factors.
The fiduciary of an IRA or an employee benefit plan not subject to Title I of ERISA because it is a governmental or church plan, if no election has been made under Section 410(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, or because it does not cover common law employees should consider that it may only make investments that are either authorized or not prohibited by the appropriate governing documents, not prohibited under Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code and permitted under applicable state law.
Status of our company under ERISA
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets. This is known as the look-through rule. Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Parts 1 and 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, may be expanded, and there may be an increase in their liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code, except to the extent (if any) that a favorable statutory or administrative exemption or exception applies. For example, a prohibited transaction may occur if our assets are deemed to be assets of investing ERISA plans and persons who have certain specified relationships to an ERISA plan (parties in interest within the meaning of ERISA, and disqualified persons within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code) deal with these assets. Further, if our assets are deemed to be assets of investing ERISA plans, any person that exercises authority or control with respect to the management or disposition of the assets is an ERISA plan fiduciary.
ERISA plan assets are not defined in ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, but the United States Department of Labor has issued regulations that outline the circumstances under which an ERISA plans interest in an entity will be subject to the look-through rule. The Department of Labor regulations apply to the purchase by an ERISA plan of an equity interest in an entity, such as stock of a REIT. However, the Department of Labor regulations provide an exception to the look-through rule for equity interests that are publicly-offered securities. The Department of Labor regulations also provide exceptions to the look-through rule for equity interests in some types of entities, including any entity which qualifies as either a real estate operating company or a venture capital operating company.
Under the Department of Labor regulations, a publicly-offered security is a security that is:
| freely transferable; |
| part of a class of securities that is widely held; and |
| either part of a class of securities that is registered under section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act or sold to an ERISA plan as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, and the class of securities of which this security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days, or longer if allowed by the SEC, after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of these securities to the public occurred. |
Whether a security is considered freely transferable depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. Under the Department of Labor regulations, if the security is part of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, then any restriction on or prohibition against any transfer or assignment of the security for the purposes of preventing a termination or reclassification of the entity for federal or state tax purposes will not ordinarily prevent the security from being considered freely transferable. Additionally, limitations or restrictions on the transfer or assignment of a security which are created or imposed by persons other than the issuer of the security or persons acting for or on behalf of the issuer will ordinarily not prevent the security from being considered freely transferable.
54
A class of securities is considered widely held if it is a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A class of securities will not fail to be widely held solely because the number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to the initial offering as a result of events beyond the issuers control.
Under the Department of Labor regulations, a real estate operating company is defined as an entity which on testing dates has at least 50% of its assets, other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors, valued at cost:
| invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with respect to which the entity has the right to substantially participate directly in the management or development activities; and |
| which, in the ordinary course of its business, is engaged directly in real estate management or development activities. |
According to those same regulations, a venture capital operating company is defined as an entity which on specified testing dates has at least 50% of its assets, other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors, valued at cost:
| invested in one or more operating companies with respect to which the entity has management rights; and |
| which, in the ordinary course of its business, actually exercises its management rights with respect to one or more of the operating companies in which it invests. |
The offered securities may meet the criteria of the publicly-offered securities exception to the look-through rule. First, the offered securities may be considered to be freely transferable, as the minimum investment is expected to be less than $10,000, and the only restrictions upon its transfer are those enumerated under the Department of Labor regulations; those required under federal tax laws to maintain our status as a REIT; resale restrictions under applicable federal securities laws with respect to securities not purchased pursuant to this prospectus and those owned by our officers, directors and other affiliates; and voluntary restrictions agreed to by the selling stockholders regarding volume limitations.
Second, we expect (although we cannot confirm) that the offered securities will be held by 100 or more investors, and we expect that at least 100 or more of these investors will be independent of us and of one another.
Third, the offered securities will be part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, and will be registered under the Exchange Act.
We have not endeavored to determine whether we will satisfy the real estate operating company or venture capital operating company exceptions under the Department of Labor regulations.
If for any reason our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets because we do not qualify for any exception under the Department of Labor regulations, certain transactions that we might enter into, or may have entered into, in the ordinary course of our business might constitute non-exempt prohibited transactions under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code and might have to be rescinded and may give rise to prohibited transaction excise taxes and fiduciary liability, as described above. In addition, if our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets, our management may be considered to be fiduciaries under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. Moreover, if our underlying assets were deemed to be assets constituting plan assets, there are several other provisions of ERISA that could be implicated for an ERISA plan if it were to acquire and hold offered securities either directly or by investing in an entity whose underlying assets are deemed to be assets of the ERISA plan.
55
We may sell the offered securities:
| through underwriters or dealers; |
| through agents; or |
| directly to purchasers. |
The offered securities may be sold in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
We will describe in a prospectus supplement the particular terms of the offering of the offered securities, including the following:
| the names of any underwriters or agents; |
| the estimated proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
| any underwriters or agents discounts or commissions; and |
| any securities exchanges on which the applicable offered securities may be listed. |
If we use underwriters in the sale, such underwriters will acquire the offered securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the offered securities in one or more transactions, at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
The offered securities may be offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject to certain conditions.
We may sell offered securities through agents designated by us. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities pursuant to this prospectus will be named, and any commissions payable by us to that agent will be set forth, in the prospectus supplement.
We also may sell offered securities directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved.
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the offered securities may be deemed underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the offered securities by them may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
We may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnify them against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments which the underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make.
Underwriters, dealers and agents and their affiliates may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us or our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of their businesses.
In order to facilitate the offering of the offered securities, any underwriters or agents, as the case may be, involved in the offering of such offered securities may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of such offered securities or other securities. Specifically, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may sell a greater number of offered securities than they are required to purchase in connection
56
with the offering, creating a short position in such offered securities for their own account. In addition, to cover syndicate short positions or to stabilize the price of such offered securities or of such other securities, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may bid for, and purchase, such offered securities or other securities in the open market. Finally, in any offering of such offered securities through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing such securities in the offering if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed offered securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of such offered securities above independent market levels. The underwriters or agents, as the case may be, are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time without notice.
We may solicit offers to purchase offered securities directly from, and we may sell offered securities directly to, institutional investors or others. The terms of any of those sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if utilized, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Some or all of the offered securities may be new issues of securities with no established trading market. We cannot give any assurances as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of our securities.
Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, has issued an opinion to us regarding certain matters of Maryland law. Latham & Watkins LLP has issued an opinion to us regarding certain tax matters described under the heading United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.
The financial statements and the related financial statement schedule incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 5, 2006 and managements report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SECs public reference rooms at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov). You can inspect reports and other information we file at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. In addition, we maintain a web site that contains information about us at http://www.kilroyrealty.com.
We have filed a registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and related exhibits with the SEC under the Securities Act. The registration statement contains additional information about us. You may inspect the registration statement and exhibits without charge at the office of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and you may obtain copies from the SEC at prescribed rates or access an electronic copy on our website at http://www.kilroyrealty.com.
57
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Any information contained in this prospectus or in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to have been modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, in any other document we subsequently file with the SEC that also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in the applicable prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes the original statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to be a part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, after the date of this prospectus and until the completion of this offering, other than documents or portions of documents (including, without limitation, exhibits thereto) that are either (a) described in paragraphs (i), (k) and (l) of Item 402 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC or (b) unless otherwise expressly stated in the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of a Current Report on Form 8-K:
| our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005; |
| our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006; |
| our current reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 20, 2006 and May 5, 2006; and |
| our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 7, 2006. |
To receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including exhibits, if they are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents, call or write Kilroy Realty Corporation, 12200 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, California 90064, Attention: Secretary, (310) 481-8400.
58
2,000,000 Shares
KILROY REALTY CORPORATION
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
MAY 9, 2006
BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC