10-K/A
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

 

 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-34865

 

 

Leap Wireless International, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   33-0811062

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

5887 Copley Drive, San Diego, CA   92111
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

(858) 882-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value   The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of June 30, 2012, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and nonvoting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $350,398,812 based on the closing price of Leap common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 29, 2012 of $6.43 per share.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock on February 1, 2013 was 79,134,930.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement relating to the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 

 

 


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Explanatory Note

Overview

Leap Wireless International, Inc. (the “Company”), is filing this Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment”) to restate and amend the Company’s previously issued audited consolidated financial statements and related financial information for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 previously included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (the “Original Form 10-K”), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2013 (the “Original Filing Date”). This Amendment amends and restates the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in “Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and revises, where necessary, financial and related information for the year ended December 31, 2010, as well as related disclosures in “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Part II – Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” and “Part IV – Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”

Background to the Restatements and Revision

On October 20, 2013, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company concluded, in consultation with management and after discussion with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP), that, due to a classification error in the Company’s presentation of certain capital expenditures in the consolidated statements of cash flows, related supplementary cash flow disclosures and guarantor footnotes, the consolidated financial statements included in the Original Form 10-K and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, June 30, 2013 and 2012, and September 30, 2012 should no longer be relied upon.

As described further in Note 2 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in “Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Amendment, the classification error related to certain purchases of property and equipment that were unpaid at each of the balance sheet dates (but that were scheduled to be settled in cash soon thereafter), which were incorrectly reflected as cash outflows from investing activities and cash inflows from operating activities.

Effects of Restatements

The following table illustrates the impact of the restatements on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31, 2012     Year Ended December 31, 2011  
     As Previously
Reported
    Adjustment     As Restated     As Previously
Reported
    Adjustment     As Restated  

Operating Activities

            

Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ (64,079   $ 57,943      $ (6,136   $ 87,668      $ (49,444   $ 38,224   

Net cash provided by operating activities

     182,445        57,943        240,388        387,509        (49,444     338,065   

Investing Activities

            

Purchases of property and equipment

   $ (434,395   $ (53,526   $ (487,921   $ (441,656   $ 46,313      $ (395,343

Change in prepayments for purchases of property and equipment

     (1,940     (4,417     (6,357     (9,944     3,131        (6,813

Net cash used in investing activities

     (41,479     (57,943     (99,422     (779,975     49,444        (730,531

The resulting restatements have no impact on the total end-of-period cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows, on the related consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income or consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity, or on adjusted OIBDA (as defined herein) for any of the affected periods. The classification error was identified by management in connection with the preparation of the Company’s third quarter 2013 financial statements.

 

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The Company has amended and restated in its entirety each Item of the Original Form 10-K that required a change to reflect this restatement and revision and to include certain additional information, namely: “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” “Part II – Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” and “Part IV – Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”

Pursuant to Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, this Amendment contains only the items and exhibits to the Original Form 10-K that are being amended and restated, and unaffected items and exhibits are not included herein. Except as stated above, the financial statements and other disclosures in the Original Form 10-K are unchanged. In particular, this Amendment has not been updated to reflect any events that have occurred after the Original Form 10-K was filed or to modify or update disclosures affected by other subsequent events, other than the revision of certain condensed consolidating financial information as disclosed in Note 16 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in “Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Amendment. Accordingly, forward-looking statements included in this Amendment represent management’s views as of the Original Filing Date and should not be assumed to be accurate as of any date thereafter. This Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Form 10-K and the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission made subsequent to the Original Filing Date, together with any amendments to those filings.

“Part IV – Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules” of this Amendment has been amended to include currently dated certifications from the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No. 1)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  
PART I   
Item 1A.  

Risk Factors

     5   
PART II   
Item 7.  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     24   
Item 8.  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     58   
Item 9A.  

Controls and Procedures

     109   
PART IV   
Item 15.  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

     111   

 

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PART I

As used in this report, unless the context suggests otherwise, the terms “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us,” and the “Company” refer to Leap Wireless International, Inc., or Leap, and its subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures, including Cricket Communications, Inc., or Cricket. Unless otherwise specified, information relating to population and potential customers, or POPs, is based on 2012 population estimates provided by Claritas Inc., a market research company.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information contained herein, this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements reflect management’s current forecast of certain aspects of our future. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by forward-looking words such as “believe,” “think,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” “project,” “expect,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions in this report. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, among other things:

 

    our ability to attract and retain customers in an extremely competitive marketplace;

 

    our ability to successfully implement product and service plan offerings and execute effectively on our strategic activities;

 

    the impact of competitors’ initiatives and our ability to anticipate and respond to such initiatives;

 

    changes in economic conditions, including interest rates, consumer credit conditions, consumer debt levels, consumer confidence, unemployment rates, energy and transportation costs and other macro-economic factors that could adversely affect demand for the services we provide;

 

    our ability to meet significant purchase commitments under agreements we have entered into;

 

    our ability to refinance our indebtedness under, and comply with the covenants in, any credit agreement, indenture or similar instrument governing our existing indebtedness or any future indebtedness;

 

    future customer usage of our wireless services, which could exceed our expectations, and our ability to manage or increase network capacity to meet increasing customer demand, in particular demand for data services;

 

    our ability to offer customers cost-effective LTE services;

 

    our ability to obtain and maintain 3G and 4G roaming and wholesale services from other carriers at cost-effective rates;

 

    our ability to acquire or obtain access to additional spectrum in the future at a reasonable cost or on a timely basis;

 

    failure of our network or information technology systems to perform according to expectations and risks associated with the ongoing operation and maintenance of those systems, including our customer billing system;

 

    our ability to attract, integrate, motivate and retain an experienced workforce, including members of senior management;

 

    our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; and

 

    other factors detailed in “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” below.

All forward-looking statements in this report should be considered in the context of these risk factors. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the filing date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, users of this report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We Have Experienced Net Losses, and We May Not Be Profitable in the Future.

We experienced a net loss of $187.3 million, $317.7 million and $785.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We may not generate profits in the future on a consistent basis or at all. Our strategic objectives depend on our ability to successfully and cost-effectively operate our markets, on our ability to forecast and respond appropriately to changes in the competitive and economic environment, on the successful enhancement of our distribution channels, and on customer acceptance of our Cricket product and service offerings. If we fail to attract and retain additional customers for our Cricket products and services and fail to achieve consistent profitability in the future, that failure could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our Strategic Plans Require that We Retain and Grow Our Current Customer Base; Our Failure to Do So Would Negatively Affect Our Business Plans and Financial Outlook.

We have recently experienced quarterly net customer losses that decreased our total number of customers, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012. In addition, our growth has varied substantially in the past. We believe that this uneven growth generally has reflected competition in the wireless telecommunications market, promotional activity, seasonal trends in customer activity and varying national economic conditions. Our current business plans assume that we will increase our customer base over time, providing us with increased economies of scale. Our ability to continue to grow our customer base and to achieve increased customer penetration levels in our markets is subject to a number of risks, including, among other things, increased competition, our inability to manage or increase our network capacity or service offerings to meet increasing customer demand, promotional or retention activities that do not perform as expected, device quality and selection issues, inventory shortages, device pricing, unfavorable economic conditions (which may have a disproportionate negative impact on portions of our customer base), our inability to successfully enhance our distribution channels, billing or other system or service disruptions, adverse changes in the legislative and regulatory environment and other factors that may limit our ability to grow our customer base. If we continue to lose customers or are unable to attract and retain a growing customer base, that failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Operation of Our Business Requires a Significant Amount of Cash. Our Ability to Generate Cash Depends on Many Factors Beyond Our Control.

Our business requires that we generate a significant amount of cash flow from operations to fund ongoing liquidity requirements, including payments on our indebtedness. Our ability to generate cash flow from operations is subject to our operational performance and to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our ongoing liquidity needs. If cash flow from operations is insufficient, we may be required to take actions, such as delaying or reducing capital expenditures, attempting to restructure or refinance our indebtedness prior to maturity, reducing operating expenses, selling assets or seeking additional capital. Any or all of these actions may be insufficient to allow us to fund our liquidity needs. Further, we may be unable to take any of these actions on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

We Face Significant Competition, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Demand for Cricket Service.

The wireless telecommunications industry is very competitive. In general, we compete with national facilities-based wireless providers and their prepaid affiliates or brands, local and regional carriers, non-facilities-based MVNOs, VoIP service providers, traditional landline service providers, cable companies and mobile satellite service providers.

Many of our competitors have greater name and brand recognition, larger spectrum holdings, larger network footprints, access to greater amounts of capital, greater technical, sales, marketing and distribution resources and established relationships with a larger base of current and potential customers. These advantages may allow our competitors to provide service offerings with more extensive features and options than those we currently provide; offer the latest and most popular devices through exclusive vendor arrangements; market to broader customer segments and offer service over larger geographic areas than we can; offer bundled service offerings that include landline phone, television and internet services that we are not able to duplicate; and purchase equipment, supplies, devices and services at lower prices than we can. As device selection and pricing become increasingly important to customers, any restriction on our ability to offer customers the latest and most popular devices as a result of exclusive dealings between device manufacturers and our larger competitors could put us at a significant

 

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competitive disadvantage and make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers. In addition, some of our competitors are able to offer their customers roaming services at lower rates. As consolidation in the industry creates even larger competitors, advantages that our competitors may have, as well as their bargaining power as wholesale providers of roaming services, may increase. For example, in connection with the offering of our nationwide voice and data roaming services, we have encountered problems with certain large wireless carriers in negotiating terms for roaming arrangements that we believe are reasonable, and we believe that consolidation has contributed significantly to some carriers’ control over the terms and conditions of wholesale roaming services.

In addition, national wireless providers have recently entered into a number of strategic transactions that could lead to further competitive pressures. In August 2012, Verizon Wireless acquired significant amounts of spectrum from SpectrumCo, a consortium of cable companies. In October 2012, Deutsche Telekom and MetroPCS entered into an agreement to combine T-Mobile and MetroPCS. In October 2012, Softbank agreed to acquire an approximately 70% ownership position in Sprint Nextel, followed in December 2012 by Sprint agreeing to acquire the remaining ownership stake in Clearwire that it did not already own. These transactions are each subject to regulatory review and approval. If consummated, these transactions could further intensify the competitive pressures we face.

The competitive pressures of the wireless telecommunications industry and the attractive growth prospects in the prepaid segment have caused a number of our competitors (including AT&T, Verizon Wireless, Sprint and T-Mobile) to offer competitively-priced unlimited prepaid and postpaid service offerings. In addition, a number of carriers have begun to offer bundled service offerings comprised of unlimited voice service and fixed amounts of data that customers can share across all of their wireless devices. We also face additional competition in the prepaid segment from Lifeline service offerings, which are available to consumers at reduced costs (and in some cases at no cost) because carriers offering this service receive a subsidy payment from the federal USF program. These Lifeline service offerings are also being provided by new MNVO providers who are utilizing other carriers’ networks.

In addition to our voice offerings, many companies offer other products and services that compete with those we offer. For example, there are numerous music services that compete with our Muve Music service, including the iTunes service offered by Apple, and various streaming services offered by Rhapsody, Pandora, Spotify and others.These various service offerings have presented, and are expected to continue to present, strong competition in markets in which our offerings overlap.

We may also face additional competition from new entrants in the wireless marketplace, many of whom may have significantly more resources than we do or who may be able to offer competing wireless services with less capital investment than we require. The FCC is pursuing policies designed to increase the number of wireless licenses and spectrum available for the provision of voice, data and mobile broadband services in each of our markets, as well as policies to increase the level of broadband competition. For example, the FCC has adopted rules that allow the partitioning, disaggregation and leasing of wireless licenses, which may increase the number of our competitors. The FCC announced in March 2010, as part of its National Broadband Plan, the goal of making an additional 500 MHz of spectrum available for broadband use within the next 10 years, of which the FCC stated that 300 MHz should be made available for mobile use within five years. The FCC has also adopted policies to allow satellite operators to use portions of their spectrum for ancillary terrestrial use and recently made further changes intended to facilitate the terrestrial use of this spectrum for voice, data and mobile broadband services. For example, the FCC recently approved a proposal from Dish Network to convert spectrum currently used for satellite service into spectrum that would support a terrestrial wireless network. The FCC has also permitted the offering of broadband services over power lines. The auction and licensing of new spectrum, the re-purposing of other spectrum or the pursuit of policies designed to encourage broadband adoption across wireline and wireless platforms may result in new or existing competitors acquiring additional capacity or offering voice or data services without deploying their own wireless facilities, which could allow them to offer services that we may not be able to offer cost effectively, or at all, with the licenses we hold or to which we have access.

The evolving competitive landscape negatively impacted our financial and operating results in 2012, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012 when we experienced net customer losses. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors and to keep our costs low. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage device subsidies and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers, although such changes have also had the effect of decreasing gross customer additions. We also introduced new pricing plans for our service offerings, which included new features such as visual voicemail on certain smartphones, enhanced international calling plans, and supplemental data packages, and we enhanced our Muve Music service, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. The extent to which these initiatives and others we may introduce will positively impact our future financial and operational results will depend upon our continued efforts to enhance the productivity of our distribution channels, continued customer acceptance of our product and

 

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service offerings, and our ability to retain these customers. The evolving competitive landscape may result in more competitive pricing, slower growth, higher costs and increased customer turnover. Any of these results or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

General Economic Conditions May Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Performance or Ability to Obtain Debt or Equity Financing on Reasonable Terms or at All.

Our business and financial performance are sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, including changes in interest rates, consumer credit conditions, consumer debt levels, consumer confidence, rates of inflation (or concerns about deflation), unemployment rates, energy costs and other macro-economic factors. Market and economic conditions have been unprecedented and challenging in recent years. Continued concerns about the systemic impact of a long-term downturn, high unemployment, high energy costs, the availability and cost of credit and unstable housing and mortgage markets have contributed to increased market volatility and economic uncertainty. These factors have led to a decrease in spending in recent years by businesses and consumers alike.

Continued market turbulence and weak economic conditions may materially adversely affect our business and financial performance in a number of ways. Because we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check, our service is available to a broad customer base and may be attractive to a market segment that is more vulnerable to weak economic conditions. As a result, during general economic downturns, we may have greater difficulty in gaining new customers within this base for our services and existing customers may be more likely to terminate service due to an inability to pay. For example, high unemployment levels have historically impacted our customer base, especially the lower-income segment of our customer base, by decreasing their discretionary income and affecting their ability to maintain service. Continued weak economic conditions and tight credit conditions may also adversely impact our vendors and dealers, some of which have filed for or may be considering bankruptcy, or may experience cash flow or liquidity problems, any of which could adversely impact our ability to distribute, market or sell our products and services. Sustained difficult, or worsening, general economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, U.S. credit markets have in recent years experienced significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions. Uncertainty in the credit or capital markets could negatively impact our ability to access additional debt financing or to refinance existing indebtedness in the future on favorable terms or at all. These general economic conditions, combined with intensified competition in the wireless telecommunications industry and other factors, have also adversely affected the trading prices of equity securities of many U.S. companies, including Leap, which could significantly limit our ability to raise additional capital through the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or other equity securities. Any of these risks could impair our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Have Entered into Agreements with Significant Purchase Commitments and Cannot Guarantee that We Will Meet These Commitments or Realize the Expected Benefits from These Agreements.

iPhone Purchase Commitment

In May 2012, we entered into a three-year iPhone purchase commitment with Apple. The commitment began upon our launch of sales of the iPhone in June 2012. Based on our current handset purchase and sales mix and current iPhone device pricing, we estimate that the commitment would require us to purchase approximately $800 million of iPhones, with annual commitments during the three-year period that increase moderately in the second and third years. We project that the minimum number of iPhones that we are required to purchase from Apple over the term of the commitment would represent 10% or less of the total number of handsets we expect to sell to new and upgrading customers over the period of the commitment and for approximately one year thereafter. However, the actual amount that we spend and the number of devices that we purchase over the term of the commitment will depend on many factors, including customer acceptance and availability of current and future versions of the device, future costs for the device, the success of our marketing and advertising efforts, customer demand for devices offered by other manufacturers and other factors.

At our current purchase rate, we project that we will purchase approximately one-half of our first-year minimum purchase commitment through June 2013, although the actual amount of our purchases will depend on the factors described above. If Apple were to require us to meet the annual minimum commitment in each of the three years of the contract term, we estimate that we would be required to purchase approximately $100 million of additional iPhones in mid-2013 above our current purchase rate, approximately $150 million of additional iPhones in mid-2014 above our current purchase rate and approximately $200 million of additional iPhones in mid-2015 above our current purchase rate. If we were unable to sell such additional devices at the rates and prices we project, such differences could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

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Wholesale Agreement

In August 2010, we entered into a wholesale agreement with an affiliate of Sprint Nextel which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. We have agreed, among other things, to purchase a minimum of $300 million of wholesale services over the initial five-year term of the agreement, with the following annual minimum purchase commitments: $20 million in 2011; $75 million in 2012; $80 million in 2013; $75 million in 2014; and $50 million in 2015. We entered into an amendment to the wholesale agreement in February 2013 to enable us to purchase 4G LTE services. In addition, under the amendment, we can credit up to $162 million of revenue we provide Sprint under other existing commercial arrangements against the minimum purchase commitment. Any wholesale revenue we provide to Sprint in a given year above the minimum purchase commitment for that particular year is credited to the next succeeding year. However, to the extent the revenues we provide Sprint were to fall beneath the applicable commitment amount for any given year, excess revenues from a subsequent year could not be carried back to offset such shortfall.

Our obligation to provide the minimum purchase amount for any calendar year is subject to Sprint’s compliance with specified covenants in the wholesale agreement. Based upon a review of information provided by us to Sprint, we informed Sprint that certain of those covenants had not been met in 2012 and that, as a result, we were not subject to the minimum purchase commitment for that year. Sprint disputed that assertion. In February 2013, the parties resolved the matter.

Other Agreements

Other agreements that we have entered into with significant purchase commitments include our agreements with music content providers that require us to purchase certain minimum amounts of content for our Muve Music service. As we continue to expand the size and scope of our business, we may enter into additional agreements with vendors with significant purchase commitments to enable us to offer enhanced products and services or to obtain more favorable overall purchasing terms and conditions.

There are numerous risks and uncertainties that could impact our ability to realize the expected benefits from these arrangements or any new ones we may enter into. We cannot guarantee that customers will accept our products and service offerings at the levels we expect, that prices will not decline to levels below what we have negotiated to pay or that we will be able to satisfy any purchase commitments. We are significantly reducing the number of locations in which we offer our products in the nationwide retail channel from approximately 13,000 locations at June 30, 2012 to approximately 5,000 locations by early 2013, which may impact our sales volumes and therefore the amount of services we may purchase under the wholesale agreement. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to renew these agreements or any future agreement on terms that will be acceptable to us. If we are unable to attract new wireless customers and sell our products and services at the levels we expect, our ability to derive benefits from these agreements or any future agreement we enter into could be limited, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Significant Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Health and Prevent Us from Fulfilling Our Obligations. We May Be Unable to Refinance Our Indebtedness Prior to Maturity.

We have now and will continue to have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2012, our total outstanding indebtedness was $3,302.5 million, including $400 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under our senior secured credit agreement, or the Credit Agreement, $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.5% convertible senior notes due 2014, $1,100 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 and $1,600 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior notes due 2020.

Our significant indebtedness could have material consequences. For example, it could:

 

    make it more difficult for us to service or refinance our debt obligations;

 

    increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

    impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital needs, capital expenditures, network build-out and other activities, including acquisitions and general corporate purposes;

 

    require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

 

    limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and

 

    place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

 

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Any of these risks could impact our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any significant capital expenditures or increased operating expenses associated with the launch of new product or service offerings or other business investment initiatives will decrease OIBDA and free cash flow for the periods in which we incur such costs, increasing the risk that we may not be able to service our indebtedness.

In addition, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to refinance all or any portion of our indebtedness prior to its maturity. We currently expect that we will need to refinance all or substantially all of our $1.1 billion of senior secured notes due 2016 before they mature. If we are unable to repay or refinance our indebtedness as planned, we will likely be required to take additional actions to generate liquidity such as delaying or reducing capital expenditures, reducing operating expenses, selling assets or seeking additional equity capital. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to obtain sufficient funds to enable us to repay or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Despite Current Indebtedness Levels, We May Incur Additional Indebtedness, Which Could Further Increase the Risks Associated with Our Leverage.

The terms of our Credit Agreement, and the indentures governing Cricket’s secured and unsecured senior notes permit us, subject to specified limitations, to incur additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. The indenture governing Leap’s convertible senior notes does not limit our ability to incur debt.

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future, as market conditions permit, to enhance our liquidity and to provide us with additional flexibility to pursue business investment initiatives, which could consist of debt financing from the public and/or private credit or capital markets. If new indebtedness is added to our current levels of indebtedness, the related risks that we now face could intensify. In addition, depending on the timing and extent of any additional indebtedness that we could incur and our then-current consolidated leverage ratio, such additional amounts could potentially result in the issuance of adverse credit ratings affecting us and/or our outstanding indebtedness. Any future adverse credit ratings could make it more difficult or expensive for us to borrow in the future and could affect the trading prices of our secured and unsecured senior notes, our convertible senior notes and our common stock.

Covenants in Our Credit Agreement and Indentures or in Credit Agreements or Indentures That We May Enter into in the Future May Limit Our Ability to Operate Our Business.

Our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket’s secured and unsecured senior notes contain covenants that restrict the ability of Leap, Cricket and their restricted subsidiaries to make distributions or other payments to our investors or subordinated creditors unless we satisfy certain financial tests or other criteria. In addition, our Credit Agreement and indentures include covenants restricting, among other things, the ability of Leap, Cricket and their restricted subsidiaries to:

 

    incur additional indebtedness;

 

    create liens or other encumbrances;

 

    place limitations on distributions from restricted subsidiaries;

 

    pay dividends, make investments, prepay subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments;

 

    issue or sell capital stock of restricted subsidiaries;

 

    issue guarantees;

 

    sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets;

 

    enter into transactions with affiliates; and

 

    make acquisitions or merge or consolidate with another entity.

 

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The restrictions in our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket’s secured and unsecured senior notes could limit our ability to make borrowings, obtain debt financing, repurchase stock, refinance or pay principal or interest on our outstanding indebtedness, complete acquisitions for cash or debt or react to changes in our operating environment. Any credit agreement or indenture that we may enter into in the future may have similar or more onerous restrictions.

Our Credit Agreement also provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control, which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board. In addition, under the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes, if certain “change of control” events occur, each holder of notes may require us to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of secured or unsecured senior notes, or 100% of the principal amount of convertible senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

If we default under our Credit Agreement or any of the indentures governing our secured or unsecured senior notes or convertible senior notes because of a covenant breach or otherwise, all outstanding amounts thereunder could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain a waiver should any default occur. Any acceleration of amounts due would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition, and we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient funds to repay all of the outstanding amounts under our Credit Agreement or the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes.

If Customer Usage of Our Services Exceeds Our Expectations, Our Costs of Providing Service Could Increase, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Operating Expenses.

Because we offer unlimited voice, data, mobile broadband and music download services for a flat monthly rate, our customers’ average usage of these services per month is significant. We provide these services through our own Cricket network footprint and through roaming and wholesale agreements that we entered into with other carriers.

If customers exceed expected usage for our voice, data, mobile broadband or music download services, we could face capacity problems and our costs of providing the services could increase. Although we own less spectrum in many of our markets than our competitors, we seek to design our network to accommodate our expected high rates of usage for our services, and we continue to assess and seek to implement technological improvements to increase the efficiency of our wireless spectrum. We currently manage our network and users of our smartphones and Cricket Broadband service by limiting throughput speeds if usage exceeds certain thresholds. However, if future wireless use by Cricket customers increases faster than we anticipate and exceeds the then-available capacity of our network, service quality may suffer. In addition, our roaming or wholesale costs may be higher than we anticipate. Depending on the extent of customers’ future use of our network and the roaming and wholesale services we provide, we may be forced to raise the price or alter the service offerings of our wireless or mobile broadband services, further limit data quantities or speeds, otherwise limit the number of new customers for certain services, acquire additional spectrum or incur substantial additional capital expenditures to enhance network capacity or quality.

We May Be Unable to Obtain or Maintain the Roaming and Wholesale Services We Need From Other Carriers to Remain Competitive.

Many of our competitors have regional or national networks which enable them to offer automatic roaming services to their subscribers at a lower cost than we can offer. The networks we operate do not, by themselves, provide national coverage and we must pay fees to other carriers who provide roaming and wholesale services to us. We currently rely on roaming agreements with several carriers for the majority of our roaming services and generally on one key carrier for 3G data roaming services. In addition, we recently entered into an agreement with that carrier for 4G data roaming services. We have also entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint, and we recently amended that agreement to allow us to purchase 4G LTE services. Most of our roaming agreements cover voice but not data services and some of these agreements may be terminated on relatively short notice. In addition, we believe that the rates charged to us by some of these carriers are higher than the rates they charge to certain other roaming partners.

The FCC has adopted rules requiring commercial mobile radio service providers to provide automatic roaming for voice and SMS text messaging services on just, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. The FCC has also adopted rules generally requiring carriers to offer data roaming services on commercially reasonable terms. These orders, however, do not provide or mandate any specific mechanism for determining the reasonableness of roaming rates and require that roaming complaints be resolved on a case-by-case basis, based on a non-exclusive list of factors that can be taken into account in determining the

 

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reasonableness of particular conduct or rates. In addition, the FCC’s data roaming order is subject to a petition for reconsideration at the FCC. In light of the current FCC rules, orders and proceedings, if we were unexpectedly to lose the benefit of one or more key roaming or wholesale agreements, we may be unable to obtain similar replacement agreements and as a result may be unable to continue providing nationwide voice and 3G or 4G data roaming services for our customers or may be unable to provide such services on a cost-effective basis. Our inability to obtain new or replacement roaming services on a cost-effective basis may limit our ability to compete effectively for wireless customers, which may increase our churn and decrease our revenues, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Wireless Industry Is Experiencing Rapid Technological Change; Offering LTE Services Will Require Us to Make Significant Capital Investments and/or Enter Into Partnerships or Joint Ventures with Others.

The wireless communications industry continues to experience significant technological change, as evidenced by the ongoing improvements in the capacity and quality of digital technology, the development and commercial acceptance of wireless data services, shorter development cycles for new products, and enhancements and changes in end-user requirements and preferences. Our continued success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological changes and to offer, on a timely basis, services that meet customer demands.

Competitors have begun providing competing wireless telecommunications services through the use of next-generation technologies, such as LTE, WiMax and HSPA+. We have covered approximately 21 million POPs with next-generation LTE network technology and are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers, including by deploying facilities-based coverage or by entering into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. If we are unable to offer our customers cost-effective LTE services, such failure would have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Deployment of LTE through facilities-based coverage requires significant capital investment. Capital expenditures for the deployment of LTE are currently anticipated to be less than $10 per covered POP. The extent to which we pursue additional facilities-based LTE coverage and the actual amount we spend to do so will depend upon multiple factors, including the availability of alternatives such as partnerships or joint ventures with others. In addition, we may have unanticipated or unforeseen costs in connection with the deployment of LTE and the maintenance of our network. If we pursue further facilities-based coverage, we expect that we would likely be required over time to acquire or access additional spectrum or take other actions to enable us to provide LTE at service levels that would meet future customer expectations. We currently own an average of 23 MHz of spectrum in the markets we operate, which generally includes an initial spectrum reserve that we could use to deploy LTE. The national wireless carriers against which we compete generally have greater spectrum capacity than we do in the markets in which we would launch LTE. Because the efficiency of an LTE network and the peak speeds that it can deliver depend upon the amount of contiguous spectrum that is available, competitors who have access to more spectrum than we do are likely to offer faster speeds for their next-generation services or operate those networks more efficiently than we could. As a result, we may be required to take various actions to meet consumer demand, including acquiring additional spectrum, entering into third-party wholesale or roaming arrangements, leasing additional cell sites, spending additional capital to deploy equipment or other actions. We cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions at reasonable costs, on a timely basis or at all.

We recently entered into a nationwide roaming agreement for LTE services. In addition, we have also amended our wholesale agreement to enable us to provide LTE services. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain or renew these arrangements or enter into additional agreements on a cost-effective basis. There are also risks that other wireless carriers on whose networks our customers roam may change their technology to other technologies or pursue standards that are incompatible with ours. If these risks materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot predict which of the many possible future technologies, standards, products or services will be important to maintain our competitive position. The evolutionary path that we have selected or may select in the future for LTE or other technologies may not be demanded by customers or provide the advantages that we expect. If such services are not broadly adopted within the industry or commercially accepted by our customers, our revenues and competitive position could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the cost of implementing or competing against alternative or future technological innovations may be prohibitive to us, and we may lose customers if we fail to keep up with these changes.

 

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We May Be Unable to Acquire Additional Spectrum in the Future at a Reasonable Cost or on a Timely Basis.

We expect that we will likely be required to acquire or access additional spectrum in the future to satisfy increasing demand for data and mobile broadband services, to maintain an acceptable grade of service and to provide or support new services or technologies to meet increasing customer demands. We cannot assure you that additional spectrum will become available at auction or in the after-market at a reasonable cost, or at all, or that we will have sufficient capital resources, or the capacity to raise sufficient capital resources, to acquire additional spectrum that we may require to meet customer demands and remain competitive. In addition, the FCC may impose conditions on the use of new wireless broadband mobile spectrum, such as heightened build-out requirements or open access requirements, which may make it less attractive or uneconomical for us. If we are unable to acquire or obtain access to additional spectrum in the future to meet customer demands, such inability may materially and adversely affect our competitive position and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Rely Heavily on Third Parties to Provide Specialized Services; a Failure or Inability by Such Parties to Provide the Agreed Upon Products or Services Could Materially Adversely Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

We depend heavily on suppliers and contractors with specialized expertise in order for us to efficiently operate our business. Generally, there are multiple sources for the types of products and services we purchase or use. However, we currently rely on one key vendor for billing services, a single vendor to support the platform for our Muve Music service, a single vendor for the operation of our network operations center, a limited number of vendors for voice and data communications transport services and a limited number of vendors for payment processing services. We have also entered into an inventory logistics and supply chain outsourcing arrangement with a third party to manage the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. We have also recently entered into new outsourcing agreements to transition various network operations, IT and service desk functions to new vendors.

In the past, our suppliers, contractors and third-party retailers have not always performed at the levels we expect or at the levels required by their contracts. If key suppliers, contractors, service providers or third-party retailers fail to comply with their contracts, fail to meet our performance expectations or refuse or are unable to supply or provide services to us in the future, or if we experience delays, disruptions or service degradation during any transition to a new outsourcing provider or other vendor, our business could be severely disrupted. In addition, the costs and time lags that can be associated with transitioning from one supplier or service provider to another could cause further disruptions if we were required to replace the products or services of one or more major suppliers or service providers with those from another source, especially if the replacement became necessary on short notice. Any such disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Associated With Wireless Devices Could Pose Product Liability, Health and Safety Risks That Could Adversely Affect Our Business.

We do not manufacture devices or other equipment sold by us and generally rely on our suppliers to provide us with safe equipment. Our suppliers are required by applicable law to manufacture their devices to meet certain governmentally imposed safety criteria. However, even if the devices we sell meet the regulatory safety criteria, we could be held liable with the equipment manufacturers and suppliers for any harm caused by products we sell if such products are later found to have design or manufacturing defects. We generally seek to enter into indemnification agreements with the manufacturers who supply us with devices to protect us from direct losses associated with product liability, but we cannot guarantee that we will be fully protected against all losses associated with a product that is found to be defective.

 

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Media reports have suggested that the use of wireless handsets may be linked to various health concerns, including cancer, and may interfere with various electronic medical devices, including hearing aids and pacemakers. Certain class action lawsuits have been filed in the industry claiming damages for alleged health problems arising from the use of wireless handsets. We are currently a defendant in a matter brought by an individual alleging that one of our wireless handsets caused brain cancer. The World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research of Cancer has also stated that exposure to wireless handsets may be carcinogenic. In addition, interest groups have requested that the FCC investigate claims that wireless technologies pose health concerns and cause interference with airbags, anti-lock brakes, hearing aids and other medical devices, and the FCC recently indicated that it plans to gather additional data regarding wireless handset emissions. The media has also reported incidents of handset battery malfunction, including reports of batteries that have overheated.

Concerns over possible health and safety risks associated with radio frequency emissions and defective products may discourage the use of wireless handsets, which could decrease demand for our services, or result in regulatory restrictions or increased requirements on the location and operation of cell sites, which could increase our operating expenses. Concerns over possible safety risks could decrease the demand for our services. If one or more Cricket customers were harmed by a defective product provided to us by a manufacturer and subsequently sold in connection with our services, our ability to add and maintain customers for Cricket service could be materially adversely affected by negative public reactions.

There also are some safety risks associated with the use of wireless devices while operating vehicles or equipment. Concerns over these safety risks and the effect of any legislation, rules or regulations that have been and may be adopted in response to these risks could limit our ability to sell our wireless service.

System Failures, Security Breaches, Business Disruptions and Unauthorized Use or Interference with Our Network or Other Systems Could Result in Higher Churn, Reduced Revenue and Increased Costs, and Could Harm Our Reputation.

Our network and information technology (IT) infrastructure and the infrastructure of our vendors (including systems supporting service activation, billing, point of sale, inventory management, customer care and financial reporting) are vulnerable to damage and disruption from technology failures, power surges or outages, system or equipment failures, natural disasters, fires, human error, hacking and cyber attacks, computer viruses, terrorism, intentional wrongdoing and similar events. In particular, cyber attacks on companies have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. Any such failure, damage or disruption could affect the quality of our services, cause network service interruptions and result in material remediation costs, litigation, higher churn, reduced revenue, increased costs and lost market share. Unauthorized access to or use of customer or account information, including credit card or other personal data, could also result in harm to our customers and legal actions against us, and could damage our reputation. In addition, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, fires and other unforeseen natural disasters or events could materially disrupt our business operations or the provision of Cricket service in one or more markets. In the past, our operations in certain markets have been adversely affected by hurricanes and related weather systems. Costs we incur to restore, repair or replace our network or IT infrastructure, as well as costs associated with detecting, monitoring or reducing the incidence of unauthorized use and other security breaches, may be substantial and increase our cost of providing service. Any failure in, damage to or disruption of our or our vendors’ network and IT infrastructure could also materially impact our ability to timely and accurately record, process and report information important to our business. While we maintain insurance coverage for some of the above events, the potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the insurance coverage we maintain. If any of the above events were to occur, we could experience higher churn, reduced revenues, increased costs and reputational harm, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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We Have Upgraded a Number of Significant Business Systems, Including Our Customer Billing System, and Any Unanticipated Difficulties, Delays or Interruptions Could Negatively Impact Our Business.

During recent years, we have upgraded a number of our significant, internal business systems, including implementing a new customer billing system, a new inventory management system and a new point-of-sale system.

The implementation of significant new systems often involves delays and disruptions in connection with the transition to and operation of the new systems. From time to time after the launch of our customer billing system in the second quarter of 2011, we experienced intermittent disruptions with certain aspects of the system, which limited our ability to activate new customers and to provide account services to current customers. We believe that these system issues had the effect of reducing our gross customer additions and increasing churn. Although we believe that we largely identified and remedied the causes of these disruptions, we cannot assure you that we will not experience additional disruptions with our customer billing system in the future. Future significant difficulties in operating our customer billing system or other new systems could materially impact our ability to attract and retain customers or to timely and accurately record, process and report information that is important to our business. If any of the above events were to occur, we could experience decreased gross customer additions, higher churn, reduced revenues and increased costs or could suffer a material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, any of which could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, we cannot guarantee that our new systems will improve our business operations, including our ability to manage and control device inventories. We implemented the inventory management system to assist us with the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. Prior to entering into this arrangement, we experienced inventory shortages from time to time, most notably with certain of our strongest-selling devices, and these shortages had the effect of limiting customer activity. There can be no assurance that this new agreement will improve device inventory management or that we will not experience inventory shortages in the future. Any failure to effectively manage and control our device inventories could adversely affect our ability to gain new customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We May Not Be Successful in Protecting and Enforcing Our Intellectual Property Rights.

We rely on a combination of patent, service mark, trademark, and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which offer only limited protection. We endeavor to enter into agreements with our employees and contractors and agreements with parties with whom we do business in order to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. Despite our efforts, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary rights. Moreover, others may independently develop processes and technologies that are competitive to ours. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights may depend on any legal actions that we undertake against such infringers being successful, but we cannot be sure that any such actions will be successful, even when our rights have been infringed. We cannot assure you that our pending, or any future, patent applications will be granted, that any existing or future patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, that any existing or future patents will be enforceable, or that the rights granted under any patent that may issue will provide us with any competitive advantages. In addition, we cannot assure you that any trademark or service mark registrations will be issued with respect to pending or future applications or that any registered trademarks or service marks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our brands. Our inability to secure trademark or service mark protection with respect to our brands could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Use Equipment, Software, Technology and Content in the Operation of Our Business, Which May Subject Us to Third-Party Infringement Claims.

The technologies used in the telecommunications industry are protected by and subject to a wide array of patents and other intellectual property rights. As a result, third parties have asserted and may in the future assert infringement claims against us or our suppliers based on our or their general business operations and the equipment, software, technology or other content that we or they use or provide. Due in part to the expansion and development of our business operations, we have become subject to increased amounts of litigation, including disputes alleging patent and other intellectual property infringement relating to the operation of our networks and our sale of handsets and other devices. If plaintiffs in any patent litigation that may be brought against us were to prevail, we could be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs, and we could be required to alter the way we conduct business to avoid future infringement, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we rely on third-party intellectual property and digital content to provide certain of our wireless services to customers, including Muve Music, an unlimited music download service we offer that is designed specifically for mobile handsets. The Muve Music service requires us to license music and other intellectual property rights of third parties. We cannot guarantee that these licenses will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our licensing

 

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arrangements with these third parties are generally short-term in nature and do not guarantee the continuation or renewal of these arrangements on reasonable terms, if at all. Our inability to continue to offer customers a wide variety of content at reasonable costs to us could limit the success of our Muve Music service. In addition, we could become subject to infringement claims and potential liability for damages or royalties related to music and intellectual property rights of third parties, including as a result of any unauthorized access to the third-party content we have licensed.

We generally seek to enter into indemnification agreements with the manufacturers, licensors and vendors who provide us with the equipment, software and technology that we use in our business to help protect us against possible infringement claims. However, we do not have indemnification arrangements with all of our partners and suppliers. In addition, to the extent that there is an indemnification arrangement in place, depending on the nature and scope of a possible claim, we may not be entitled to seek indemnification under the terms of the agreement. We also cannot guarantee that the financial condition of an indemnifying party would be sufficient to protect us against all losses associated with infringement claims or that we would be fully indemnified against all possible losses associated with a possible claim. In addition, our suppliers may be subject to infringement claims that could prevent or make it more expensive for them to supply us with the products and services we require to run our business, which could have the effect of slowing or limiting our ability to introduce products and services to our customers. Moreover, we may be subject to claims that products, software and services provided by different vendors, which we combine to offer our services may infringe the rights of third parties, and we may not have any indemnification from our vendors for these claims. Whether or not an infringement claim against us or a supplier is valid or successful, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations by diverting management attention, involving us in costly and time-consuming litigation, requiring us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements (which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all) or requiring us to redesign our business operations or systems to avoid claims of infringement. In addition, infringement claims against our suppliers could also require us to purchase products and services at higher prices or from different suppliers and could adversely affect our business by delaying our ability to offer certain products and services to our customers.

Action by Congress or Government Agencies and Regulatory Requirements May Increase Our Costs of Providing Service or Require Us to Change Our Services.

The FCC regulates the licensing, construction, modification, operation, ownership, sale and interconnection of wireless communications systems, as do some state and local regulatory agencies. We cannot assure you that the FCC or any state or local agencies having jurisdiction over our business will not adopt regulations or take other enforcement or other actions that would adversely affect our business, impose new costs or require changes in current or planned operations. In addition, state regulatory agencies are increasingly focused on the quality of service and support that wireless carriers provide to their customers and several agencies have proposed or enacted new and potentially burdensome regulations in this area. We also cannot assure you that Congress will not amend the Communications Act, from which the FCC obtains its authority, or enact other legislation in a manner that could be adverse to us.

Under existing law, no more than 20% of an FCC licensee’s capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. If an FCC licensee is controlled by another entity (as is the case with Leap’s ownership and control of subsidiaries that hold FCC licenses), up to 25% of that entity’s capital stock may be owned or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. Foreign ownership above the 25% holding company level may be allowed if the FCC finds such higher levels consistent with the public interest. The FCC has ruled that higher levels of foreign ownership, even up to 100%, are presumptively consistent with the public interest with respect to investors from certain nations. If our foreign ownership were to exceed the permitted level, the FCC could revoke our wireless licenses, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we could seek a declaratory ruling from the FCC allowing the foreign ownership or could take other actions to reduce our foreign ownership percentage in order to avoid the loss of our licenses, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain such a ruling or that any other actions we may take would be successful.

In addition, legislative or regulatory action could be taken, which could limit our ability to use certain foreign vendors to supply us with equipment, materials or other services that we use in our business operations. For example, we previously purchased network equipment from a Chinese company, which is currently used to support approximately 20% of our covered POPs. Members of the U.S. Congress and certain regulatory agencies have raised concerns about American companies purchasing equipment and software from Chinese telecommunications companies, including concerns relating to alleged violations of intellectual property rights by Chinese companies and potential security risks posed by U.S. companies purchasing technical equipment and software from Chinese companies. In October 2012, the U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence issued a report asserting that network equipment manufactured by Chinese telecommunications companies poses a security threat to the United States and recommending the use of other network vendors. The report also recommends that Congress consider adopting legislation to address the purported risk posed by

 

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telecommunications companies with nation-state ties. Any legislative or regulatory requirement that restricts us from purchasing or utilizing equipment or software from Chinese or other foreign companies, or any determination that we otherwise make that it is advantageous for us to cease doing so, could require changes in our equipment procurement activities and business operations.

The DMCA prohibits the circumvention of technological measures or access controls employed by or on behalf of copyright owners to protect their copyrighted works. However, under the DMCA, the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, or the Copyright Office, has the authority to exempt for three-year periods certain circumventing activities that might otherwise be prohibited by the statute. In July 2010, the Copyright Office granted an exemption to the DMCA to allow the circumvention of software locks and other firmware that prohibit a wireless handset from connecting to a wireless network when such circumvention is accomplished for the sole purpose of lawfully connecting the handset to another network. This exemption permitted locked handsets purchased from one wireless carrier to be unlocked and then activated on another carrier’s network. On October 28, 2012, the Copyright Office issued a new exemption under the DMCA, which only permits the circumvention of software locks on handsets purchased before January 26, 2013. In order for locked devices purchased after this date to be connected to another carrier’s network, the customer must obtain the prior carrier’s consent to unlock the device. This new, narrowed exemption, and any further modification of the DMCA copyright exemption, could impact our ability to attract and activate new customers, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We participate in the federal government’s Lifeline program, which provides support from the USF to subsidize discounted telecommunications services for qualified low-income consumers. In order to participate in the Lifeline program in any given state, a carrier must be designated as an ETC in that state. As of December 31, 2012, Cricket had been designated as an ETC in 27 states and the District of Columbia. In January 2012, the FCC adopted an order regarding the Lifeline program, the stated purpose of which is to streamline the administration of the program and to implement measures to curb perceived waste, fraud and abuse in the program. In addition, various states are considering or enacting rules with similar stated purposes as the FCC order. In connection with the FCC’s order, among other things, we are required to have our Lifeline customers re-certify on an annual basis their eligibility to participate in the program. These requirements could result in the loss of Lifeline customers and associated funding from the USF if these customers fail to meet the FCC’s eligibility standards or fail to respond to requests to re-certify their eligibility. Further, the FCC is developing a National Lifeline Accountability Database, the primary purpose of which will be to validate the identity of Lifeline customers and prevent Lifeline support from being provided to more than one eligible recipient per household in accordance with FCC regulations. While the timing of the deployment of the database is uncertain, its implementation and use could reduce the number of customers we could enroll in our Lifeline programs and thus reduce the amount of Lifeline funding we receive. In addition, the FCC could pursue enforcement action against us and impose monetary penalties if it were to conclude that we violated any of the Lifeline rules. In addition, future action by Congress, the FCC, or the states in which we have been designated as an ETC could reduce or eliminate the amount of Lifeline funding we receive for providing wireless service to certain qualifying low income customers, which could result in the loss of subscribers and the associated service revenue.

We previously invested in various entities that qualified as “very small business” designated entities under FCC regulations. The FCC’s rules restricted our ability to acquire controlling membership interests in designated entities during the period that such entities were required to maintain their eligibility as a designated entity. The FCC has implemented rules and policies to ensure that only legitimate small businesses benefit from the designated entity program, and that such small businesses are not controlled or manipulated by larger wireless carriers or other investors that do not meet the small business qualification tests. For example, designated entity structures are subject to a requirement that they seek approval for any event that might affect their ongoing eligibility (for example, changes in agreements that the FCC has previously reviewed), annual reporting requirements and a commitment by the FCC to audit each designated entity at least once during the license term. In addition, third parties and the federal government have in the past challenged certain designated entity structures, alleging violations of federal qui tam and other laws and seeking significant monetary damages. If we previously failed to comply with the FCC’s designated entity rules, any such failure could lead to fines, and in extreme cases, license revocation, third-party lawsuits and/or criminal penalties. Federal court litigation surrounding designated entity structures, increased regulatory scrutiny or third party or government lawsuits with respect to our prior investments in designated entities could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We also are subject, or potentially subject, to numerous additional rules and requirements, including universal service obligations; number portability requirements; number pooling rules; rules governing billing, subscriber privacy and customer proprietary network information; roaming obligations; rules that require wireless service providers to configure their networks to facilitate electronic surveillance by law enforcement officials; rate averaging and integration requirements; rules governing spam, telemarketing and truth-in-billing; and rules requiring us to offer equipment and services that are accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities, among others. There are also pending proceedings exploring the imposition of various types of

 

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nondiscrimination, open access and broadband management obligations on our devices and networks; the prohibition of device exclusivity; the possible re-imposition of bright-line spectrum aggregation requirements; further regulation of special access used for wireless backhaul services; and the effects of the siting of communications towers on migratory birds, among others. Some of these requirements and pending proceedings (of which the foregoing examples are not an exhaustive list) pose technical and operational challenges to which we, and the industry as a whole, have not yet developed clear solutions. These requirements generally are the subject of pending FCC or judicial proceedings, and we are unable to predict how they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, certain states in which we provide service are considering legislation that would require companies selling prepaid wireless services to verify a customer’s identity using government identification. Although we request identification from new customers, we currently do not require them to provide identification in order to initiate service with us, and such a requirement could adversely impact our ability to attract new customers for our services.

Our operations are subject to various other laws and regulations, including those regulations promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, other federal agencies and state and local regulatory agencies and legislative bodies. Adverse decisions or regulations of these regulatory bodies could negatively impact our operations and costs of doing business. Because of our smaller size, legislation or governmental regulations and orders can significantly increase our costs and affect our competitive position compared to other larger telecommunications providers. We are unable to predict the scope, pace or financial impact of regulations and other policy changes that could be adopted by the various governmental entities that oversee portions of our business.

Our Wireless Licenses Are Subject to Renewal and May Be Revoked in the Event That We Violate Applicable Laws.

Our existing wireless licenses are subject to renewal upon the expiration of the 10-year or 15-year period for which they are granted, which renewal period commenced for some of our PCS wireless licenses in 2006. The FCC will award renewal expectancy to a wireless licensee that timely files a renewal application, has provided substantial service during its past license term and has substantially complied with applicable FCC rules and policies and the Communications Act. Historically, the FCC has approved our license renewal applications. However, the Communications Act provides that licenses may be revoked for cause and license renewal applications denied if the FCC determines that a renewal would not serve the public interest. In addition, if we fail to timely file to renew any wireless license, or fail to meet any regulatory requirements for renewal, including construction and substantial service requirements, we could be denied a license renewal. Many of our wireless licenses are subject to interim or final construction requirements and there is no guarantee that the FCC will find our construction, or the construction of prior licensees, sufficient to meet the build-out or renewal requirements. FCC rules provide that applications competing with a license renewal application may be considered in comparative hearings, and establish the qualifications for competing applications and the standards to be applied in hearings. The FCC has pending a rulemaking proceeding to re-evaluate, among other things, its wireless license renewal showings and standards and may in this or other proceedings promulgate changes or additional substantial requirements or conditions to its renewal rules, including revising license build-out requirements. We cannot assure you that the FCC will renew our wireless licenses upon their expiration. If any of our wireless licenses were to be revoked or not renewed upon expiration, we would not be permitted to provide services under that license, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our recently-purchased 700 MHz A block license in Chicago is subject to a December 13, 2013 interim construction deadline. While we have been engaged in the first stages of development of this license to supplement our existing wireless capacity in this market, we must coordinate with the incumbent broadcaster on DTV Channel 51 in order to commence operations, and we may be delayed in our ultimate ability to construct facilities and operate on this spectrum. We thus expect to seek relief from the FCC from the interim construction benchmark and/or ask the FCC for relief from DTV interference protection requirements. If we are required to seek these types of relief from the FCC, it could delay or impede our ability to expand our service capacity in the Chicago market.

Wireless Licenses Comprise a Significant Portion of our Assets; Future Declines in the Fair Value of Our Licenses Could Result in Impairment Charges.

As of December 31, 2012, the carrying value of our wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) was approximately $1.9 billion. These assets by their nature, however, may not be readily saleable or, if saleable, there may be substantial delays in their liquidation. For example, prior FCC approval is required in order for us to sell, or for any remedies to be exercised by our lenders with respect to, our wireless licenses, and obtaining such approval could result in significant delays and reduce the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition of our wireless licenses. In addition, the amount that we could realize upon any sale of our wireless licenses could materially differ from their carrying value. Valuation swings could occur for a variety of reasons relating to supply and demand, including consolidation in the wireless industry that allows or requires carriers to sell significant portions of their spectrum holdings, a sudden, large sale of spectrum by one or more carriers, or a decline in market prices as a result of the sale prices in FCC auctions.

 

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We assess potential impairments to our indefinite-lived intangible assets, including our wireless licenses, annually during the third quarter of each year. We also evaluate on a quarterly basis whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances have occurred subsequent to the annual impairment test that would indicate an impairment condition exists. We estimate the fair value of our wireless licenses primarily on available market prices, including successful bid prices in FCC auctions and selling prices observed in wireless license transactions, pricing trends among historical wireless license transactions, our spectrum holdings within a given market relative to other carriers’ holdings and qualitative demographic and economic information concerning the areas that comprise our markets. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, with respect to our wireless licenses. A significant impairment loss in any future period could have a material adverse effect on our operating income and on the carrying value of our wireless licenses on our balance sheet.

We Are Subject to Numerous Surcharges, Taxes and Fees from Federal, State and Local Governments, and the Applicability and Amount of These Fees Can Be Uncertain.

We calculate and remit surcharges, taxes and fees to numerous federal, state and local jurisdictions in connection with the services we provide. These fees include federal USF fees and common carrier regulatory fees. In addition, many state and local governments impose various surcharges, taxes and fees on our activities, including with respect to sales of our products and services and to our purchases of telecommunications services from various carriers. In many cases, the applicability and method of calculating these surcharges, taxes and fees may be uncertain, and our calculation, assessment and remittance of these amounts may be contested. In the event that we have incorrectly assessed and remitted amounts that were due, we could be subject to fines and penalties, which could materially impact our financial condition. In addition, although we remit applicable surcharges, taxes and fees that are due with respect to the services we provide, we do not recover these amounts (other than sales taxes) as additional charges from customers subscribing to our “all-inclusive” service plans, which are priced to include telecommunications taxes and certain other fees. In the event that federal, state and/or local municipalities were to significantly increase taxes and regulatory fees on our services or seek to impose new ones, it could have a significant adverse effect on our margins and financial and operational results.

We May Incur Higher Than Anticipated Intercarrier Compensation Costs.

When our customers use our service to call customers of local exchange carriers, we are required under the current intercarrier compensation scheme to pay the carrier that serves the called party, and any intermediary or transit carrier, for the use of their networks. While in most cases we have been successful in negotiating agreements with other carriers that impose reasonable reciprocal compensation arrangements, some local exchange carriers have claimed a right to unilaterally impose what we believe to be unreasonably high charges on us. Some of these carriers have threatened to pursue, have initiated, or may in the future initiate, claims against us to recover these charges, and the outcome of any such claims is uncertain.

The FCC has been considering whether a unified intercarrier compensation regime can or should be established for all traffic exchanged between carriers, including commercial mobile radio services carriers. The FCC has instituted a uniform, national bill-and-keep framework for telecommunications traffic exchanged with a local exchange carrier, which will be phased in under a multi-year transition period. There are also various other pending proceedings in the courts, at the FCC and before state regulatory bodies that may affect intercarrier compensation. New or modified intercarrier compensation rules, federal or state proceedings implementing or interpreting those rules and other judicial or regulatory decisions may increase the charges we are required to pay other carriers for terminating calls or transiting calls over telecommunications networks, increase the costs of, or make it more difficult to negotiate, new agreements with carriers, decrease the amount of revenue we receive for terminating calls from other carriers on our network, or result in significant costs to us for past and future termination charges. Any of these changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We resell third party long distance services in connection with our offering of unlimited international long distance service. The charges for these services may be subject to change by the terminating or interconnecting carrier, or by the regulatory body having jurisdiction in the applicable foreign country. If the charges are modified, the terminating or interconnecting carrier may attempt to assess such charges retroactively on us or our third party international long distance provider. If such charges are substantial, or we cease providing service to the foreign destination, prospective customers may elect not to use our service and current customers may choose to terminate service. Such events could limit our ability to grow our customer base, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

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If We Experience High Rates of Credit Card, Subscription or Dealer Fraud, Our Ability to Generate Cash Flow Will Decrease.

Our operating costs could increase substantially as a result of fraud, including customer credit card, subscription or dealer fraud. We have implemented a number of strategies and processes to detect and prevent efforts to defraud us, and we believe that our efforts have substantially reduced the types of fraud we have identified. However, if our strategies are not successful in detecting and controlling fraud, the resulting loss of revenue or increased expenses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Loss of Key Personnel and Difficulty Attracting, Integrating and Retaining Qualified Personnel Could Harm Our Business.

We believe our success depends heavily on the contributions of our employees and on attracting, motivating and retaining our officers and other management and technical personnel. We do not, however, generally provide employment contracts to our employees. If we are unable to attract and retain the qualified employees that we need, our business may be harmed.

Our business is managed by a small number of key executive officers, including our CEO, S. Douglas Hutcheson. In February 2012, we hired Robert A. Strickland as our executive vice president and chief technical officer. In May 2012, we hired Jerry V. Elliott as our executive vice president and CFO and in November 2012 appointed him as president and chief operating officer. In November 2012, we hired R. Perley McBride as our executive vice president and CFO.

As several members of senior management have been hired recently, it may take time to fully integrate these individuals into their new roles. In addition, if we were to lose the services of key individuals in the future, any such departures could materially and adversely impact how we manage and operate our business. We may also have difficulty attracting and retaining key personnel in future periods, particularly if we were to experience poor operating or financial performance.

Our Ability to Use Our Net Operating Loss Carryforwards to Reduce Future Possible Tax Payments Could Be Negatively Impacted if There Is an “Ownership Change” (as Defined Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code); Our Tax Benefit Preservation Plan May Not Be Effective to Prevent an Ownership Change.

We have substantial federal and state net operating losses, or NOLs, for income tax purposes. Subject to certain requirements, we may “carry forward” our federal NOLs for up to 20 years to offset future taxable income and reduce our income tax liability. For state income tax purposes, the NOL carryforward period ranges from five to 20 years. During the year ended December 31, 2012, $37.2 million of our state NOLs expired. At December 31, 2012, we had federal and state NOLs of approximately $2.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively (which begin to expire in 2022 for federal income tax purposes and of which $69.8 million will expire at the end of 2013 for state income tax purposes). While these NOL carryforwards have a potential to be used to offset future ordinary taxable income and reduce future cash tax liabilities by approximately $1.0 billion, our ability to utilize these NOLs will depend upon the availability of future taxable income during the carryforward period and, as such, there is no assurance we will be able to realize such tax savings.

Our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited if we were to experience an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. In general terms, an ownership change can occur whenever there is a cumulative shift in the ownership of a company by more than 50 percentage points by one or more “5% stockholders” within a three-year period. The occurrence of such a change in our ownership would generally limit the amount of NOL carryforwards we could utilize in a given year to the aggregate fair market value of Leap common stock immediately prior to the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change.

The determination of whether an ownership change has occurred for purposes of Section 382 is complex and requires significant judgment. The occurrence of such an ownership change would accelerate cash tax payments we would be required to make and likely result in a substantial portion of our NOLs expiring before we could fully utilize them. As a result, any restriction on our ability to utilize these NOL carryforwards could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and future cash flows.

On August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan was approved by our stockholders in May 2012. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock

 

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acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors. Because the number of shares of Leap common stock outstanding at any particular time for purposes of the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is determined in accordance with Section 382, it may differ from the number of shares that we report as outstanding in our SEC filings.

Although the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is intended to reduce the likelihood of an adverse ownership change under Section 382, the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan may not prevent such an ownership change from occurring and does not protect against all transactions that could cause an ownership change, such as sales of Leap common stock by certain greater than 5% stockholders or transactions that occurred prior to the adoption of the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that an ownership change under Section 382 will not occur and significantly limit the use of our NOLs.

Our Business and Stock Price May Be Adversely Affected if Our Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Is Not Effective.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires companies to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their internal control over financial reporting. To comply with this statute, each year we are required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting; our management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal control over financial reporting; and our independent registered public accounting firm is required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Management had previously concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 and 2012. In connection with the restatement discussed under the heading “Restatement and Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements” in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in “Part II — Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report, management determined that the material weakness described below existed as of each of these dates. Accordingly, management has now concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of those dates and that, as a result, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective from December 31, 2011 through September 30, 2013.

The material weakness we have identified in our internal control over financial reporting was that management failed to design and maintain a process to evaluate the completeness of the amount of capital expenditures that had not been paid in cash at the end of the period. Specifically, management did not design effective controls to properly classify purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable at period end such that the consolidated statements of cash flows only included purchases of property and equipment as investing cash outflows when such amounts had been actually paid during the period.

In addition, in our quarterly and annual reports (as amended) for the periods ended from December 31, 2006 through September 30, 2008, we reported a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which related to the design of controls over the preparation and review of the account reconciliations and analysis of revenues, cost of revenues and deferred revenues, and ineffective testing of changes made to our revenue and billing systems in connection with the introduction or modification of service offerings. Moreover, we previously reported that certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed at various times during the period from September 30, 2004 through September 30, 2006. These material weaknesses included excessive turnover and inadequate staffing levels in our accounting, financial reporting and tax departments, weaknesses in the preparation of our income tax provision, and weaknesses in our application of lease-related accounting principles, fresh-start reporting oversight, and account reconciliation procedures.

Although we believe we are taking and previously took appropriate actions to remediate the control deficiencies we identified and to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting, we cannot assure you that we will not discover other material weaknesses in the future or that no material weakness will result from any difficulties, errors, delays or disruptions while we implement and transition to significant new internal systems, including the recent transition to our new customer billing system. The existence of one or more material weaknesses could result in errors in our financial statements, and substantial costs and resources may be required to rectify these or other internal control deficiencies, and may subject us to risk of litigation, for which we may incur substantial costs regardless of its outcome. If we cannot produce reliable financial reports, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, the market price of Leap common stock could decline significantly, we may be unable to obtain additional financing to operate and expand our business, and our business and financial condition could be harmed.

 

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Related to Ownership of Leap Common Stock

Our Stock Price May Be Volatile, and You May Lose All or Some of Your Investment.

The trading prices of the securities of telecommunications companies have been highly volatile. Accordingly, the trading price of Leap common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations. Factors affecting the trading price of Leap common stock may include, among other things:

 

    variations in our operating results or those of our competitors;

 

    announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

 

    entry of new competitors into our markets, changes in product and service offerings by us or our competitors, changes in the prices charged for product and service offerings by us or our competitors, or changes or upgrades in the network technologies used by us or our competitors;

 

    the commencement of or significant developments with respect to intellectual property or other litigation;

 

    announcements of and bidding in auctions for new spectrum;

 

    recruitment or departure of key personnel;

 

    changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in recommendations by any securities analysts that elect to follow Leap common stock, or changes in our credit ratings or those of our competitors;

 

    changes in the levels of our indebtedness;

 

    any default under our Credit Agreement or any of the indentures governing our secured or unsecured senior notes or convertible senior notes because of a covenant breach or otherwise;

 

    rumors or speculation in the marketplace regarding acquisitions or consolidation in our industry, including regarding transactions involving Leap; and

 

    market conditions in our industry and the economy as a whole.

The occurrence of any one or more of these events could significantly impact the trading price of Leap common stock, and you could lose all or some of your investment.

Our Directors and Affiliated Entities Have Substantial Influence over Our Affairs, and Our Ownership Is Highly Concentrated. Sales of a Significant Number of Shares by Large Stockholders May Adversely Affect the Market Price of Leap Common Stock.

Our directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 30% of Leap common stock as of February 1, 2013. Moreover, our five largest stockholders and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 65% of Leap common stock as of February 1, 2013. These stockholders have the ability to exert substantial influence over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders. These stockholders will be able to influence the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of Leap’s assets and other matters. This concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control or impeding a merger or consolidation, takeover or other business combination.

Our resale shelf registration statements register for resale 23,533,869 shares of Leap common stock held by entities affiliated with one of our directors, or approximately 30% of Leap’s outstanding common stock as of February 1, 2013. We have also agreed to register for resale any additional shares of common stock that these entities or their affiliates acquire. We are unable to predict the potential effect that sales into the market of any material portion of such shares, or any of the other shares held by our other large stockholders and entities affiliated with them, may have on the then-prevailing market price of Leap common stock. If any of Leap’s stockholders cause a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock. These sales could also impede our ability to raise future capital.

 

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We Could Elect to Raise Additional Equity Capital, Which Could Dilute Existing Stockholders.

During the second quarter of 2009 we sold 7,000,000 shares of Leap common stock in an underwritten public offering. We could raise additional capital in the future, as market conditions permit, to enhance our liquidity and to provide us with additional flexibility to pursue business investment initiatives. Any additional capital we could raise could be significant and could consist of debt, convertible debt or equity financing from the public and/or private credit or capital markets. To the extent that we were to elect to raise equity capital, this financing may not be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us and could be dilutive to existing stockholders. In addition, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital.

Your Ownership Interest in Leap Will Be Diluted upon Issuance of Shares We Have Reserved for Future Issuances, and Future Issuances or Sales of Such Shares May Adversely Affect the Market Price of Leap Common Stock.

As of February 1, 2013, 79,134,930 shares of Leap common stock were issued and outstanding, and 5,508,696 additional shares of Leap common stock were reserved for issuance, including 3,444,075 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and deferred stock units under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, as amended, 1,476,488 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, 483,225 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, 65,612 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, and 39,296 shares available for future issuance under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. On December 19, 2012, our board of directors approved an amendment to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan to add 400,000 shares for issuance thereunder, subject to, and contingent upon, the approval of our stockholders, which approval will be requested at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2013.

Leap has also reserved up to 4,761,000 shares of its common stock for issuance upon conversion of its $250 million in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2014. Holders may convert their notes into shares of Leap common stock at any time on or prior to the third scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the notes, July 15, 2014. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock is less than or equal to approximately $93.21 per share, the notes will be convertible into 10.7290 shares of Leap common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (referred to as the “base conversion rate”), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock exceeds approximately $93.21 per share, the conversion rate will be determined pursuant to a formula based on the base conversion rate and an incremental share factor of 8.3150 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, subject to adjustment. At an applicable stock price of approximately $93.21 per share, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon full conversion of the convertible senior notes would be 2,682,250 shares. Upon the occurrence of a “make-whole fundamental change” of Leap under the indenture, under certain circumstances the maximum number of shares of common stock issuable upon full conversion of the convertible senior notes would be 4,761,000 shares.

In addition, we have registered all shares of common stock that we may issue under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan and under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. When we issue shares under these stock plans, they can be freely sold in the public market after the recipient satisfies any vesting period applicable to the shares. If any of Leap’s stockholders causes a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital.

Provisions in Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, under Delaware Law, in Our Credit Agreement and Indentures, or in Our Tax Benefit Preservation Plan Might Discourage, Delay or Prevent a Change in Control of Our Company or Changes in Our Management and, Therefore, Depress the Trading Price of Leap Common Stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of Leap common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that our stockholders may deem advantageous. These provisions:

 

    require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

 

    authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt;

 

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    prohibit stockholder action by written consent, and require that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

 

    provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and

 

    establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

We are also subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder and which may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company.

In addition, under the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes, if certain “change of control” events occur, each holder of notes may require us to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of secured or unsecured senior notes, or 100% of the principal amount of convertible senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, our Credit Agreement provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control. See “Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” of this report.

On August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan as a measure intended to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan was approved by our stockholders in May 2012. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors. Because the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan may restrict a stockholder’s ability to acquire Leap common stock, it could discourage a tender offer for Leap common stock or make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a controlling position in our stock without our approval, and the liquidity and market value of Leap common stock may be adversely affected while the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is in effect.

 

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PART II

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.

Overview

Restatement and Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Information

This “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” has been amended and restated to give effect to the restatement of our audited consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the revision of our audited consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2010, in each case due to a classification error related to the presentation of certain capital expenditures and operating cash flows. Specifically, we have reflected these corrections in the discussions of net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities and capital expenditures in the sections below entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Overview,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Cash Flows” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions — Capital Expenditures.” See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in “Part II — Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report for additional information.

Company Overview

We are a wireless communications carrier that offers digital wireless services in the U.S. under the “Cricket®” brand. Our Cricket service offerings provide customers with unlimited nationwide wireless services for a flat rate without requiring a fixed-term contract or a credit check.

Cricket service is offered by Cricket, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leap. Cricket service is also offered in South Texas by our joint venture, STX Wireless Operations, LLC, or STX Operations, which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless, LLC, or STX Wireless. For more information regarding this venture, see “-Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions” below.

As of December 31, 2012, Cricket service was offered in 48 states and the District of Columbia across an extended area covering approximately 292 million POPs. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 5.3 million customers, and we owned wireless licenses covering an aggregate of approximately 136.7 million POPs (adjusted to eliminate duplication from overlapping licenses). The combined network footprint in our operating markets covered approximately 96.2 million POPs as of December 31, 2012. The licenses we own provide an average of 23 MHz of coverage in our operating markets.

In addition to our Cricket network footprint, we have entered into roaming relationships with other wireless carriers that enable us to offer Cricket customers nationwide voice and data roaming services over an extended service area. We recently entered into an agreement with a national carrier for 4G LTE roaming services. In addition, we have also entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint, and we recently amended that agreement to enable our customers to receive 4G LTE services. These arrangements have enabled us to offer enhanced Cricket products and services, strengthen our retail presence in our existing markets and expand our distribution nationwide. Since originally introducing products in nationwide retailers in September 2011, we have determined to focus our efforts on those retailers that we believe provide the most attractive opportunities for our business. As a result, we expect to reduce our total presence in the nationwide retail channel from approximately 13,000 locations at June 30, 2012 to approximately 5,000 locations by early 2013.

The foundation of our business is to provide unlimited, nationwide wireless services, and we design and market our products and services to appeal to customers seeking increased value. None of our services require customers to enter into long-term commitments or pass a credit check. The service plans we currently offer are “all-inclusive,” with telecommunication taxes and certain fees included within the service plan price.

 

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The wireless telecommunications industry is very competitive. In general, we compete with national facilities-based wireless providers and their prepaid affiliates or brands, local and regional carriers, non-facilities-based MVNOs, VoIP service providers, traditional landline service providers, cable companies and mobile satellite service providers. The evolving competitive landscape negatively impacted our financial and operating results in 2012, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012 when we experienced net customer losses. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors and to keep our costs low. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage our device subsidy and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers, although such changes have also had the effect of decreasing gross customer additions. We also introduced new pricing plans for our service offerings, which included new features such as visual voicemail on certain smartphones, enhanced international calling plans, and supplemental data packages, and we enhanced our Muve Music service, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. The extent to which these initiatives and others we may introduce will positively impact our future financial and operational results will depend upon our continued efforts to enhance the productivity of our distribution channels, continued customer acceptance of our product and service offerings, and our ability to retain these customers. The evolving competitive landscape may result in more competitive pricing, slower growth, higher costs and increased customer turnover. Any of these results or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are continuing to pursue investment initiatives to enhance our network coverage and capacity. We are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers in our network footprint, including by deploying facilities-based coverage and by entering into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We have covered approximately 21 million POPs with next-generation LTE network technology and may cover up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in 2013. Other investment initiatives include the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets to allow us to continue to provide customers with high-quality service. We intend to be disciplined as we pursue any investment initiatives and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications.

Our customer activity is influenced by seasonal effects related to traditional retail selling periods and other factors that arise in connection with our target customer base. Based on historical results, we generally expect new sales activity to be highest in the first and fourth quarters, although during 2012 we experienced our lowest customer activity during the fourth quarter due, in part, to pricing changes we introduced in the third quarter which reduced the amount of subsidy we provide on devices. Based on historical results, we also generally expect churn to be highest in the third quarter and lowest in the first quarter. Sales activity and churn, however, can be strongly affected by other factors, including changes in service plan pricing, device availability, economic conditions, high unemployment (particularly in the lower-income segment of our customer base) and competitive actions, any of which may either offset or magnify certain seasonal effects. Customer activity can also be strongly affected by promotional and retention efforts that we undertake. For example, from time to time, we lower the price on select smartphones for customers who activate a new line of service and then transfer phone numbers previously used with other carriers. This type of promotion is intended to drive significant, new customer activity for our smartphone handsets and their accompanying higher-priced service plans. We also frequently offer existing customers the opportunity to activate an additional line of voice service on a previously activated Cricket device not currently in service. Customers accepting this offer receive a free first month of service on the additional line of service after paying an activation fee. We also utilize retention programs to encourage existing customers whose service may have been suspended for failure to timely pay to continue service with us for a reduced or free amount. The design, size and duration of our promotional and retention programs vary over time in response to changing market conditions. We believe that our promotional and retention efforts, including those efforts described above, have generally provided and continue to provide important long-term benefits to us, including by helping us attract new customers for our wireless services or by extending the period of time over which customers use our services, thus allowing us to obtain additional revenue from handsets we have already sold. The success of any of these activities depends upon many factors, including the cost that we incur to attract or retain customers and the length of time these customers continue to use our services. Sales activity that would otherwise have been expected based on seasonal trends can also be negatively impacted by factors such as the billing system disruptions we experienced in 2011, promotional and retention efforts not performing as expected at various times in 2012, device quality issues, and the inventory shortages for or unavailability of certain of our strongest-selling devices we have experienced at various times.

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and cash generated from operations. See “-Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and our reported amounts of revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and the valuation of deferred tax assets, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies and estimates involve a higher degree of judgment or complexity than others used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the operating results and financial position of Leap and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as the operating results and financial position of STX Wireless and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. We consolidate STX Wireless in accordance with the authoritative guidance for consolidations based on the voting interest model. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements also include the operating results and financial position of Savary Island Wireless, LLC, or Savary Island, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries prior to their merger with and into Cricket on December 28, 2012. Prior to October 1, 2012, we consolidated our non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the consolidation of variable interest entities because Savary Island was a variable interest entity and, among other factors, we had entered into an agreement with Savary Island’s other member that established a specified purchase price in the event that it exercised its right to sell its membership interest to us. On October 1, 2012, we acquired the remaining 15% controlling membership interest in Savary Island and Savary Island and its wholly-owned subsidiaries became direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, respectively, of Cricket.

Revenues

Our business revenues principally arise from the sale of wireless services, devices (handsets and broadband modems) and accessories. Wireless services are provided primarily on a month-to-month basis. Our customers are required to pay for their service in advance and we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check. Service revenues are recognized only after payment has been received and services have been rendered.

When we activate service for a new customer, we often sell that customer a device along with a period of service. In accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables, the sale of a device along with service constitutes a multiple element arrangement. Under this guidance, once a company has determined the best estimate of selling price of the elements in the sales transaction, the total consideration received from the customer must be allocated among those elements on a relative selling price basis. Applying the guidance to these transactions results in our recognition of the total consideration received, less amounts allocated to the wireless service period (generally the customer’s monthly service plan), as equipment revenue.

Amounts allocated to equipment revenues and related costs from the sale of devices are recognized when service is activated by new customers. Revenues and related costs from the sale of devices and accessories to existing customers are recognized at the point of sale. The costs of devices and accessories sold are recorded in cost of equipment. In addition to devices that we sell directly to our customers at Cricket-owned stores, we sell devices to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers. These dealers then sell the devices to the ultimate Cricket customer, similar to the sale made at a Cricket-owned store. Sales of devices to third-party dealers are recognized as equipment revenues only when service is activated by customers, since the level of price reductions and commissions ultimately available to such dealers is not reliably estimable until the devices are sold by such dealers to customers. Thus, revenues from devices sold to third-party dealers are recorded as deferred equipment revenue and the related costs of the devices are recorded as deferred charges upon shipment of the devices by us. The deferred charges are recognized as equipment costs when the related equipment revenue is recognized, which occurs when service is activated by the customer.

 

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In 2012, we entered into an arrangement with a third-party logistics provider to manage the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. The arrangement was structured, if fully implemented, to allow our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers to purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider, such that we, in most cases, would not hold title to, or have risk of loss for, the related device inventory shipped to our dealers. As a result, we would not record deferred equipment revenues or deferred charges on our balance sheet for the devices when shipped nor would we record equipment revenues or cost of equipment when these devices were activated. Amounts paid to the logistics provider would be recorded as deferred costs upon shipment of devices to the dealers and retailers and in cost of equipment when service is activated by the customer.

We amended the terms of the arrangement, effective December 1, 2012, such that our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers will no longer purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider. The logistics provider will continue to assist with the management of our supply chain efforts, including planning, purchasing and fulfillment. Prior to this amendment, during the fourth quarter of 2012, our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers purchased and sold approximately $20.5 million of handsets and other devices from the logistics provider.

Through another third-party provider, our customers may elect to participate in an extended warranty program for devices they purchase. We recognize revenue on replacement devices sold to its customers under the program when the customer purchases the device.

We participate in the federal government’s Lifeline program and are designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier in certain states in which we provide wireless services. Under this program, we offer discounted wireless services to qualified customers and generally receive reimbursement for a portion of the subsidized services. We recognize revenue under this program only after amounts eligible for reimbursement have been determined and services have been rendered.

Sales incentives offered to customers and commissions and sales incentives offered to our third-party dealers are recognized as a reduction of revenue when the related service or equipment revenue is recognized. Customers have limited rights to return devices and accessories based on time and/or usage, and customer returns of devices and accessories have historically been insignificant.

Amounts that are billed in advance of customers’ wireless service periods are not reflected in accounts receivable or deferred revenue since collectability of such amounts is not reasonably assured. Deferred revenue consists primarily of cash received from customers in advance of their service period and deferred equipment revenue related to devices sold to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers.

Universal Service Fund, E-911 and other telecommunications-related regulatory fees are assessed by various federal and state governmental agencies in connection with the services that we provide to our customers. The service plans we currently offer are “all-inclusive” of telecommunications and regulatory fees, in that we do not separately bill and collect amounts owed and remitted to government agencies from our customers. For our legacy service plans, which are not “all-inclusive,” we separately bill and collect from our customers amounts owed and remitted to government agencies. Regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from our customers are recorded in service revenues. Amounts owed to government agencies are recorded in cost of service. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 the total amount of regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from customers and recorded in service revenues was $9.4 million, $32.6 million and $108.4 million, respectively. Sales, use and excise taxes for all service plans are reported on a net basis.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value for accounting purposes, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The guidance defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and require less judgment in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets and liabilities that are rarely traded or not quoted have less pricing observability and are generally measured at fair value using valuation models that require more judgment. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency of the asset, liability or market and the nature of the asset or liability. We have categorized our assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy in accordance with the guidance for fair value measurements.

 

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation of property and equipment is applied using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets once the assets are placed in service. The following table summarizes the depreciable lives (in years):

 

     Depreciable
Life
 

Network equipment:

  

Switches

     5-10   

Switch power equipment

     15   

Cell site equipment and site improvements

     5-7   

Towers

     15   

Antennae

     5   

Computer hardware and software

     3-5   

Furniture, fixtures, retail and office equipment

     3-7   

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We assess potential impairments to our long-lived assets, including property and equipment and certain intangible assets, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that their respective carrying values may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be required to be recognized when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a long-lived asset (or group of such assets) is less than its carrying value. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and charged to results of operations.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, in connection with our plans to reduce our previously planned network expansion activities and overall capital expenditures, certain projects relating to network design, site acquisition and other internal corporate initiatives were canceled. Therefore, we determined that certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable, and as such, recorded an impairment charge of $13.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2012, reducing the carrying value of those capitalized amounts to zero. Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further discussion of the impairment charge. There were no other events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

There were no events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

In August 2010, we entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. This agreement has enabled us to strengthen our retail presence in our existing markets and expand our distribution nationwide, and provided us greater flexibility with respect to our network expansion plans. As a result, after entering into this wholesale agreement, we determined to spend an increased portion of our planned capital expenditures on the deployment of next-generation LTE technology and to defer our previously planned network expansion activities. As a result of these developments, costs for certain network, design, site acquisition and capitalized interest relating to the expansion of our network that had been previously accumulated in construction-in-progress were determined to be impaired and we recorded an impairment charge of $46.5 million during the third quarter of 2010.

Impairment of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

We assess potential impairments to our indefinite-lived intangible assets, including wireless licenses and goodwill, on an annual basis or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment condition may exist. In addition on a quarterly basis, we evaluate the triggering event criteria outlined in the authoritative guidance for intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. Our annual impairment test is conducted each year during the third quarter.

 

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Wireless Licenses

We hold PCS, AWS and 700MHz wireless licenses granted by the FCC that are specific to a particular geographic area on spectrum that has been allocated by the FCC for such services. Wireless licenses are initially recorded at cost and are not amortized. Although FCC licenses are issued with a stated term (ten years in the case of PCS and 700MHz licenses and fifteen years in the case of AWS licenses), wireless licenses are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets because we expect to provide wireless service using the relevant licenses for the foreseeable future. PCS, AWS and 700MHz licenses are routinely renewed for either no or a nominal fee and we have determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors currently exist that limit the useful lives of our wireless licenses. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the remaining useful lives of our indefinite-lived wireless licenses to determine whether events and circumstances, such as legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors, continue to support an indefinite useful life. If a wireless license is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, we would first test the wireless license for impairment and the wireless license would then be amortized prospectively over its estimated remaining useful life. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the carrying value of our wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) was $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. Wireless licenses to be disposed of by sale are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. As of December 31, 2012, wireless licenses with a carrying value of $136.2 million were classified as assets held for sale, as more fully described in “-Liquidity and Capital Resources,” below.

For purposes of testing impairment, our wireless licenses in our operating markets are combined into a single unit of account because we believe that utilizing these wireless licenses as a group represents the highest and best use of the assets, and the value of the wireless licenses would not be significantly impacted by a sale of one or a portion of the wireless licenses, among other factors. Our non-operating licenses are tested for impairment on an individual basis because these licenses are not functioning as part of a group with licenses in our operating markets. As of December 31, 2012, the carrying values of our operating and non-operating wireless licenses were $1,904.7 million and $42.6 million, respectively.

An impairment loss would be recognized on our operating wireless licenses when the aggregate fair value of the wireless licenses is less than their aggregate carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the licenses’ aggregate carrying value exceeds their aggregate fair value. An impairment loss would be recognized on our non-operating wireless licenses when the fair value of a wireless license is less than its carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the license’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Any required impairment loss would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the relevant wireless license and charged to results of operations. As more fully described below, the fair value of our wireless licenses was determined using Level 3 inputs in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements.

The valuation method we use to determine the fair value of our wireless licenses is the market approach. Under this method, we determine fair value by comparing our respective wireless licenses to sales prices of other wireless licenses of similar size and type that have been recently sold through government auctions and private transactions. As part of this market-level analysis, the fair value of each wireless license is also evaluated and adjusted for developments or changes in legal, regulatory and technical matters, and for demographic and economic factors, such as population size, unemployment rates, composition, growth rate and density, household and disposable income, and composition and concentration of the market’s workforce in industry sectors identified as wireless-centric (e.g., real estate, transportation, professional services, agribusiness, finance and insurance).

In connection with our 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of our operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $2,415.0 million and $1,745.7 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2012 or 2011 with respect to our operating wireless licenses as the aggregate fair value of these licenses exceeded their aggregate carrying value as of such dates. If the fair value of our operating wireless licenses had declined by 10%, we would not have recognized any impairment loss.

In connection with our 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of our non-operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $77.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. We did not record any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2012 to reduce the carrying value of any non-operating wireless license to its estimated fair value. If the fair value of our non-operating wireless licenses had each declined by 10%, we would have recognized an impairment loss of approximately $0.1 million. We recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to reduce the carrying value of certain non-operating wireless licenses to their estimated fair values.

We evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances occurred subsequent to the 2012 annual impairment test of our wireless licenses that indicate that an impairment condition may exist. This evaluation included consideration of whether there had been any significant adverse change in legal factors or in our business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel or likely sale or disposal of all or a significant portion of an asset group. Based upon this evaluation, we concluded that no triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred.

 

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Goodwill

We record the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination as goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as well as when an event or change in circumstance indicates an impairment may have occurred. As further discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of our single reporting unit to our carrying amount to determine if there is a potential goodwill impairment. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value of the goodwill of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value.

During the third quarter of each year, we assess our goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level by applying a fair value test. This fair value test involves a two-step process. The first step is to compare the carrying value of our net assets to our fair value. If the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any.

Significant judgments are required in connection with the annual impairment test in order to estimate our fair value. We have generally based our determination of fair value primarily upon our average market capitalization for the month of August, plus a control premium. Average market capitalization is calculated based upon the average number of shares of Leap common stock outstanding during such month and the average closing price of Leap common stock during such month. We considered the month of August to be an appropriate period over which to measure average market capitalization in 2012 because trading prices during that period reflected market reaction to our most recently announced financial and operating results, announced early in the month of August.

In conducting the annual impairment test during the third quarter of 2012, we applied a control premium of 30% to our average market capitalization. We believe that consideration of a control premium is customary in determining fair value and is contemplated by the applicable accounting guidance. We believe that our consideration of a control premium was appropriate because we believe that our market capitalization does not fully capture the fair value of our business as a whole or the additional amount an assumed purchaser would pay to obtain a controlling interest in our company. We determined the amount of the control premium as part of our third quarter 2012 testing based upon relevant transactional experience and an assessment of market, economic and other factors. Depending on the circumstances, the actual amount of any control premium realized in any transaction involving our company could be higher or lower than the control premium that we applied.

The carrying value of our goodwill was $31.9 million as of August 31, 2012. Based upon our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2012, the value of our net assets as of August 31, 2012 was $527.5 million and the fair value of our company, based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $573.5 million. As such, we determined that no impairment condition existed and we were not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, we evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred subsequent to the annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter of 2012. As part of this evaluation, we considered whether there had been any events or circumstances that would indicate it was more likely than not that our carrying value exceeded our fair value. Based on this evaluation, we determined that the $106.4 million gain resulting from the spectrum swap with T-Mobile, which closed on October 1, 2012, constituted a triggering event due to the significant increase in our carrying value that resulted from the transaction. See “-Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions” below for additional information on the spectrum swap. As such, we were required to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. In conducting the interim impairment test, we determined our fair value by using the average market capitalization during the month of October, which was selected because that was the month in which the spectrum swap transaction closed. Consistent with our annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter, we continued to apply a control premium of 30% to our average market capitalization. The carrying value of our goodwill was $31.9 million as of October 31, 2012. The value of our net assets as of October 31, 2012 was $528.0 million and our fair value, based upon the average market capitalization during the month of October and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $621.2 million. As such, we determined that no impairment condition existed on an interim basis and we were not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

The closing price of Leap common stock was $6.65 on December 31, 2012 and Leap’s market capitalization was above our book value as of such date. Since that time, the closing price of Leap common stock has ranged from a high of $7.05 per share to a low of $5.51 per share. If the price of Leap common stock continues to trade at or near current levels or certain triggering

 

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events were to occur, we may be required to perform the second step of our goodwill impairment test on an interim basis to determine the fair value of our net assets, which may require us to recognize a non-cash impairment charge for some or all of the $31.9 million carrying value of our goodwill.

Based upon our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2011, we determined that no impairment condition existed because the book value of our net assets as of August 31, 2011 was $676.1 million and the fair value of our company, based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $848.4 million.

Based upon on our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2010, the book value of our net assets exceeded the fair value of our company, determined based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August 2010 and an assumed control premium of 30%. We therefore performed the second step of the assessment to measure the amount of any impairment. Under step two of the assessment, we performed a hypothetical purchase price allocation as if our company was being acquired in a business combination and estimated the fair value of our identifiable assets and liabilities. This step of the assessment indicated that the implied fair value of our goodwill was zero, as the fair value of our identifiable assets and liabilities as of August 31, 2010 exceeded the fair value of our company. As a result, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $430.1 million in the third quarter of 2010, reducing the carrying amount of our goodwill at that time to zero.

Income Taxes

We calculate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves calculating the current tax expense or benefit and any deferred income tax expense or benefit resulting from temporary differences arising from differing treatments of items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also established for the expected future tax benefits to be derived from our NOL carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and income tax credits.

We periodically assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recoverable from future taxable income. To the extent we believe it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be recovered, we must establish a valuation allowance. As part of this periodic assessment for the year ended December 31, 2012, we weighed the positive and negative factors and, at this time, we do not believe there is sufficient positive evidence to support a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will be realized, except with respect to the realization of a $1.9 million Texas Margins Tax, or TMT, credit. Accordingly, at December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of our deferred tax assets. We will continue to monitor the positive and negative factors to assess whether we are required to continue to maintain a valuation allowance. At such time as we determine that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced or released in its entirety, with the corresponding benefit reflected in our tax provision. Deferred tax liabilities associated with wireless licenses and investments in certain joint ventures cannot be considered a source of taxable income to support the realization of deferred tax assets because these deferred tax liabilities will not reverse until some indefinite future period when these assets are either sold or impaired for book purposes.

We have substantial federal and state NOLs for income tax purposes. Subject to certain requirements, we may “carry forward” our federal NOLs for up to 20 years to offset future taxable income and reduce our income tax liability. For state income tax purposes, the NOL carryforward period ranges from five to 20 years. As of December 31, 2012, we had federal and state NOLs of approximately $2.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, which begin to expire in 2022 for federal income tax purposes and of which $69.8 million will expire at the end of 2013 for state income tax purposes. While these NOL carryforwards have a potential to be used to offset future ordinary taxable income and reduce future cash tax liabilities by approximately $1.0 billion, our ability to utilize these NOLs will depend upon the availability of future taxable income during the carryforward period and, as such, there is no assurance we will be able to realize such tax savings.

Our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited if we were to experience an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. In general terms, an ownership change can occur whenever there is a collective shift in the ownership of a company by more than 50 percentage points by one or more “5% stockholders” within a three-year period. The occurrence of such a change generally limits the amount of NOL carryforwards a company could utilize in a given year to the aggregate fair market value of the company’s common stock immediately prior to the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change.

 

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In 2011, trading in Leap common stock increased the risk of an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, on August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors.

None of our NOL carryforwards are being considered as an uncertain tax position or disclosed as an unrecognized tax benefit. Any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of a Section 382 limitation will be removed from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction to valuation allowance. Since we currently maintain a full valuation allowance against our federal and state NOL carryforwards, we do not expect that any possible limitation would have a current impact on our results of operations.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations, which became effective for us on January 1, 2009, any reduction in the valuation allowance, including the valuation allowance established in fresh-start reporting, will be accounted for as a reduction of income tax expense.

Our unrecognized income tax benefits and uncertain tax positions, as well as any associated interest and penalties, are recorded through income tax expense; however, such amounts have not been significant in any period. All of our tax years from 1998 to 2011 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. In July 2009, the federal examination of our 2005 tax year, which was limited in scope, was concluded and the results did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Customer Recognition and Disconnect Policies

We recognize a new customer as a gross addition in the month that he or she activates a Cricket service. We recognize a gross customer addition for each Cricket Wireless, Cricket Broadband and Cricket PAYGo line of service activated.

For our Cricket Wireless and Cricket Broadband services, the customer must pay his or her service amount by the payment due date or his or her service will be suspended. These customers, however, may elect to purchase our BridgePay service, which entitles them to an additional seven days of service. When service is suspended, the customer is generally not able to make or receive calls or access the internet. Any call attempted by a suspended customer is routed directly to our customer service center in order to arrange payment. If a new customer does not pay all amounts due on the first bill he or she receives after initial activation within 30 days of the due date, the account is disconnected and deducted from gross customer additions during the month in which the customer’s service was discontinued. If a customer has made payment on the first bill received after initial activation and in a subsequent month does not pay all amounts due within 30 days of the due date, the account is disconnected and counted as churn. For Cricket Wireless customers who have elected to use BridgePay to receive an additional seven days of service, those customers must still pay all amounts otherwise due on their account within 30 days of the original due date or their account will also be disconnected and counted as churn. Pay-in-advance customers who ask to terminate their service are disconnected when their paid service period ends.

Customers for our Cricket PAYGo service generally have 60 days from the date they activated their account, were charged a daily or monthly access fee for service or last “topped-up” their account (whichever is later) to do so again, or they will have their account suspended for a subsequent 60-day period before being disconnected.

Customer turnover, frequently referred to as churn, is an important business metric in the telecommunications industry because it can have significant financial effects. Because we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check, our service is available to a broad customer base and, as a result, some of our customers may be more likely to have their service terminated due to an inability to pay.

 

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Results of Operations

Operating Items

The following tables summarize operating data for our consolidated operations (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      % of
Service
Revenues
    2011     % of
Service

Revenues
    Change from
Prior Year
 
              Dollars     Percent  

Revenues:

             

Service revenues

   $ 2,947,457         $ 2,829,281        $ 118,176        4.2

Equipment revenues

     194,884           241,850          (46,966     (19.4 )% 
  

 

 

      

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     3,142,341           3,071,131          71,210        2.3
  

 

 

      

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

             

Cost of service

     1,034,167         35.1     981,203        34.7     52,964        5.4

Cost of equipment

     816,226         27.7     817,920        28.9     (1,694     (0.2 )% 

Selling and marketing

     349,970         11.9     369,257        13.1     (19,287     (5.2 )% 

General and administrative

     348,934         11.8     355,529        12.6     (6,595     (1.9 )% 

Depreciation and amortization

     625,596         21.2     548,426        19.4     77,170        14.1

Impairments and other charges

     39,399         1.3     26,770        0.9     12,629        47.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     3,214,292         109.1     3,099,105        109.5     115,187        3.7

Gain on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     229,714         7.8     2,622        0.1     227,092        *   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

   $ 157,763         5.4   $ (25,352     (0.9 )%    $ 183,115        *   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

* Percentage change is not meaningful.

 

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     Year Ended December 31,  
     2011     % of
Service
Revenues
    2010     % of
Service

Revenues
    Change from
Prior Year
 
             Dollars     Percent  

Revenues:

      

Service revenues

   $ 2,829,281        $ 2,482,601        $ 346,680        14.0

Equipment revenues

     241,850          214,602          27,248        12.7
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     3,071,131          2,697,203          373,928        13.9
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

            

Cost of service

     981,203        34.7     840,635        33.9     140,568        16.7

Cost of equipment

     817,920        28.9     591,994        23.8     225,926        38.2

Selling and marketing

     369,257        13.1     414,318        16.7     (45,061     (10.9 )% 

General and administrative

     355,529        12.6     361,571        14.6     (6,042     (1.7 )% 

Depreciation and amortization

     548,426        19.4     457,035        18.4     91,391        20.0

Impairments and other charges

     26,770        0.9     477,327        19.2     (450,557     (94.4 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     3,099,105        109.5     3,142,880        126.6     (43,775     (1.4 )% 

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     2,622        0.1     (5,061     (0.2 )%      7,683        *   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

   $ (25,352     (0.9 )%    $ (450,738     (18.2 )%    $ 425,386        *   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

* Percentage change is not meaningful.

The following tables summarize customer activity:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011      2010  

Gross customer additions

     2,334,383        2,991,352         3,219,485   

Net customer additions (losses)

     (637,229     415,834         241,546   

Weighted-average number of customers (1)

     5,799,493        5,724,152         5,239,638   

Total customers, end of period

     5,296,784        5,934,013         5,518,179   

 

(1) At December 31, 2010, the weighted-average number of customers and total customers, end of period included approximately 323,000 customers contributed by various entities doing business as Pocket Communications, or Pocket, to STX Wireless in October 2010 in connection with the formation of our south Texas joint venture.

Gross Customer Additions

Gross customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2012 were 2,334,383 compared to 2,991,352 for the prior year. The 22.0% decrease in the number of gross customer additions was primarily attributable to increased competition and overall softness in the wireless industry. Additional contributors to the decrease in the number of gross customer additions included higher pricing on our devices, promotional activities that did not perform as expected, certain device quality and selection issues, our continued de-emphasis on Cricket Broadband, discontinuation of our daily PAYGo product and a narrowed focus on fewer nationwide retail partners.

Gross customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2011 were 2,991,352 compared to 3,219,485 for the prior year. The 7.1% decrease in the number of gross customer additions was primarily driven by changes we made to our product and service offerings in the second half of 2010, which eliminated the first free month of service we previously provided new

 

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customers and generally equalized the prices that new and existing customers paid for handsets. Prior to these changes, many existing customers who wished to replace or upgrade their handset would activate a new line of service to receive a discount on the handset as well as a free month of service and would then terminate their existing service, which had the effect of increasing our gross customer additions and churn. The year-over-year decrease in gross customer additions was also driven by expected decreases in the number of new Cricket Broadband customers due to increased device pricing, reduced marketing emphasis and increased network management initiatives. The year-over-year decrease was partially offset by an increase in the number of new voice customers as a result of customer acceptance of the “all-inclusive” service plans and smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010, as well as our new Muve Music service that we introduced in 2011.

Net Customer Additions (Losses)

Net customer losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were 637,229 compared to net customer additions of 415,834 for the prior year. The change was primarily due to the decrease in gross customer additions discussed above and higher churn levels.

Net customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2011 were 415,834 compared to 241,546 for the prior year. The 72.2% increase in the number of net customer additions was primarily due to a decrease in customer churn of approximately 90 basis points, driven by customer acceptance of our “all-inclusive” service plans for Cricket wireless service and the smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010, as well as our new Muve Music service that we introduced in 2011, partially offset by an increase in the number of net customer deactivations for our Cricket Broadband service due to increased device pricing, reduced marketing emphasis and increased network management initiatives.

Service Revenues

Service revenues increased $118.2 million, or 4.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. This increase resulted from a 1.3% increase in the weighted-average number of customers and a 3.7% increase in ARPU, primarily due to increased uptake of higher-priced service plans for our smartphones and Muve Music service.

Service revenues increased $346.7 million, or 14.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. This increase resulted from a 9.2% increase in the weighted-average total number of customers due to customer growth in our existing markets and the contribution of approximately 323,000 customers by Pocket to STX Wireless in October 2010 in connection with the formation of our South Texas joint venture, as well as a 7.8% increase in ARPU. The increase in ARPU was primarily attributable to increased uptake of our higher-priced service plans for smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010 as well as the impact of our new Muve Music service, partially offset by a decrease in average total customers for our Cricket Broadband service and the elimination of certain late payment and reactivation fees in the second half of 2010.

Equipment Revenues

Equipment revenues decreased $47.0 million, or 19.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year primarily due to an 8.9% decrease in the number of devices sold to new and upgrading customers, which was primarily due to our decreased gross customer additions in the current year period as discussed above.

Equipment revenues increased $27.2 million, or 12.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily due to an 8.7% increase in the number of devices sold to new and upgrading customers as well as a 3.7% increase in average revenue per device sold. The increase in average revenue per device sold was primarily due to increased sales of our smartphones and Muve Music enabled devices that were launched in the second half of 2010.

Cost of Service

Cost of service increased $53.0 million, or 5.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses increased to 35.1% from 34.7% in the prior year. Principal factors contributing to the increase in cost of service were the inclusion of Muve Music in service plans for our Android-based smartphones and increased roaming cost in connection with our unlimited nationwide service plans.

 

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Cost of service increased $140.6 million, or 16.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, cost of service was 34.7% compared to 33.9% in the prior year. Principal factors contributing to the increase in cost of service included increased telecommunications taxes due to both a 9.2% increase in the weighted-average total number of customers and increases in federal and state tax rates, our increased penetration in existing markets with higher tax rates and increased roaming costs in connection with the introduction of our unlimited nationwide service plans.

Cost of Equipment

Cost of equipment decreased $1.7 million, or 0.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year primarily due to an 8.9% decrease in the number of devices sold, partially offset by a 9.6% increase in the average cost per device sold.

Cost of equipment increased $225.9 million, or 38.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. A 27.2% increase in the average cost per device sold was accompanied by an 8.7% increase in the number of devices sold. The increase in the average cost per device sold to new and upgrading customers during the period was largely attributable to our introduction of smartphones in 2010, as well as customer acceptance of our new Muve Music enabled devices in 2011.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $19.3 million, or 5.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 11.9% from 13.1% in the prior year. This percentage decrease was largely attributable to the increase in service revenues and the decrease in selling costs primarily due to the sale and transfer of select company-owned retail locations to indirect dealers, which lowered our fixed costs associated with store facilities and employee-related costs. These decreases were partially offset by the increase in advertising expense in the third quarter of 2012 associated with the launch of our new devices and service plans.

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $45.1 million, or 10.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 13.1% from 16.7% in the prior year. This percentage decrease was largely attributable to a 1.5% decrease in media and advertising costs as a percentage of service revenues, reflecting higher spending in the corresponding period of the prior year in connection with the launch of our new “all-inclusive” service plans and smartphones, as well as an increase in service revenues and consequent benefits of scale.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $6.6 million, or 1.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 11.8% from 12.6% in the prior year primarily due to continued benefits from our cost-management initiatives and the increase in service revenues.

General and administrative expenses decreased $6.0 million, or 1.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 12.6% from 14.6% in the prior year primarily due to continued benefits from our cost-management initiatives and the increase in service revenues and consequent benefits of scale.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $77.2 million, or 14.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was due primarily to network upgrades, which related, in part, to our deployment of next-generation LTE technology.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $91.4 million or 20.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was due primarily to the expansion and upgrade of our network and corporate platforms as well as depreciation and amortization expense related to the assets that Pocket contributed to STX Wireless in connection with the formation of our South Texas joint venture in October 2010.

Impairments and Other Charges

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we incurred approximately $39.4 million in impairments and other charges related to reducing our cost structure and exiting certain activities. During the third quarter of 2012, we recorded approximately $14.8 million in severance expenses and related costs to implement our plan to reduce administrative and corporate support

 

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costs through a reduction in personnel. Additionally, in connection with our plans to reduce our previously planned network expansion activities and overall capital expenditures, certain plans for network design, site acquisition and internal corporate programming and development were canceled. Therefore, we determined that certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable, and as such, recorded an impairment charge of $13.6 million, writing the carrying value of those capitalized amounts down to zero. Additionally, in connection with the reduction in network expansion activities, we recognized restructuring charges of approximately $11.0 million primarily related to lease exit costs associated with cell sites that were no longer being developed or utilized.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we incurred approximately $26.4 million of integration charges relating primarily to certain leased cell site and retail store locations contributed to our joint venture STX Wireless in the South Texas region that it no longer uses.

During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded impairments and other charges of approximately $477.3 million, primarily related to a goodwill impairment charge of $430.1 million, as a result of our annual impairment testing conducted during the third quarter of 2010. In addition we recorded an impairment charge of $46.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2010, as a result of our determination to spend an increased portion of our planned capital expenditures on the deployment of next-generation LTE technology and to defer our previously planned network expansion activities. These costs were previously included in construction-in-progress, for certain network design, site acquisition and interest costs capitalized during the construction period.

No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2012 with respect to our wireless licenses. As a result of our annual impairment testing of our wireless licenses conducted during the third quarters of 2011 and 2010, we recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of certain non-operating wireless licenses to their fair value. No such impairment charges were recorded with respect to our operating wireless licenses for either period, as the aggregate fair values of these licenses exceeded their aggregate carrying value.

Gain (Loss) on Sale, Exchange or Disposal of Assets, Net

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net reflects the net gain or loss recognized upon the disposal of certain of our property and equipment and wireless licenses. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized a net gain of $229.7 million. We recorded a gain of approximately $236.8 million related to the sale of spectrum to Verizon Wireless and exchange of spectrum with T-Mobile. For more information regarding these transactions, see the discussion below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions.” This gain was partially offset by a loss of approximately $7.2 million relating to the disposal of certain property and equipment.

We recognized a net gain of $2.6 million and net loss of $5.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recognized a non-cash gain on the exchange of wireless licenses of $20.5 million. Offsetting this gain were losses recognized on the disposal of certain of our property and equipment during the year.

Non-Operating Items

The following tables summarize non-operating data for our consolidated operations (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     Change  

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net

   $ (464   $ 2,984      $ (3,448

Interest income

     194        245        (51

Interest expense

     (268,232     (256,175     (12,057

Other expense, net

     —          (2     2   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     (18,634     —          (18,634

Income tax expense

     (57,904     (39,377     (18,527

 

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Table of Contents
     Year Ended December 31,  
     2011     2010     Change  

Equity in net income of investees, net

   $ 2,984      $ 1,912      $ 1,072   

Interest income

     245        1,010        (765

Interest expense

     (256,175     (243,377     (12,798

Other income (expense), net

     (2     3,209        (3,211

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —          (54,558     54,558   

Income tax expense

     (39,377     (42,513     3,136   

Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Investees, Net

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net reflects our share of net income or losses of regional wireless service providers in which we hold investments.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased $0.1 million and $0.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year. These decreases were primarily attributable to declines in interest rates from the corresponding periods of the prior year.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $12.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. The increase in interest expense resulted primarily from our issuance of $400 million of additional 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in May 2011, as well as interest related to our entry into additional capital leases.

Interest expense increased $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. The increase in interest expense resulted primarily from our issuance of $400 million of additional 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in May 2011. This increase was partially offset by the repurchase and redemption of all of our $1,100 million of 9.375% senior notes due 2014 using proceeds from our issuance of $1,200 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in November 2010.

Other Income (Loss), Net

During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recognized immaterial losses on the sale of certain of our investments in asset-backed commercial paper. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized a gain of $3.2 million on the sale of certain of our investments in asset-backed commercial paper.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

On October 10, 2012, in connection with our entry into the Credit Agreement, we issued a notice of redemption to redeem all of our 10% unsecured senior notes due 2015 in accordance with the optional redemption provisions governing the notes at a redemption price of 105% of the principal amount of outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. On November 9, 2012, we completed the redemption for a total cash payment of $324.5 million and the indenture governing the notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms. As a result of this redemption, we recognized a $18.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2012, which was comprised of $15.0 million in redemption premium, $3.5 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.1 million in professional fees.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we did not have any extinguishment of debt.

In connection with our issuance of $1,200 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in November 2010, we repurchased and redeemed all of our outstanding $1,100 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.375% senior notes due 2014 through a tender offer and redemption, respectively, and the indenture governing such senior notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms. As a result, we recognized a $54.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2010, which was comprised of $46.6 million in tender offer consideration (including $18.3 million in consent payments), $8.6 million in redemption premium, $1.1 million in dealer manager fees, $10.7 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.2 million in related professional fees, net of $12.7 million in unamortized premium.

 

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Table of Contents

Income Tax Expense

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded income tax expense of $57.9 million compared to income tax expense of $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The $18.5 million increase in income tax expense was primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in tax expense associated with the amortization of wireless licenses, a $5.7 million increase in tax expense from the deferred tax effects of our investment in STX Wireless, and a nonrecurring $19.9 million increase of tax expense associated with the reversal of deferred tax liabilities related to our wireless licenses, partially offset by a nonrecurring $9.5 million net tax benefit associated with the reversal of deferred tax liabilities related to our investment in Savary Island. Both nonrecurring items were primarily associated with the spectrum transactions that were consummated with Verizon Wireless in August 2012 and with T-Mobile in October 2012.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded income tax expense of $39.4 million compared to income tax expense of $42.5 million recognized in the corresponding period of the prior year. The decrease in income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year period was primarily due to a $23.3 million decrease in income tax expense due to the deferred tax effects of our joint venture investments, offset in part by a net $6.3 million increase in the current year associated with both the amortization of wireless licenses and the deferred tax effects of license exchange transactions entered into with T-Mobile. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded a $15.5 million income tax benefit in connection with the impairment of our goodwill.

Unrestricted Subsidiaries

In July 2011, Leap’s board of directors designated Cricket Music Holdco, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cricket, or Cricket Music) and Cricket Music’s wholly-owned subsidiary Muve USA, LLC, or Muve USA, as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under the indentures governing our senior notes. Cricket Music, Muve USA and their subsidiaries are also designated as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under the Credit Agreement. Cricket Music and Muve USA hold certain hardware, software and intellectual property relating to our Muve Music service. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, Cricket Music and Muve USA had no operations or revenues. Therefore, the most significant components of the financial position and results of operations of our unrestricted subsidiaries were property and equipment and depreciation expense. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, property and equipment of our unrestricted subsidiaries was approximately $4.9 million and $9.4 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, depreciation expense of our unrestricted subsidiaries was approximately $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, resulting in a net loss of approximately $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations for the interim periods presented (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Three Months Ended  
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    September 30,
2012
     December 31,
2012
 

Revenues

   $ 825,619      $ 786,772      $ 773,972       $ 755,978   

Operating income (loss)

     (15,803     31,589        81,409         60,568   

Net income (loss)

     (94,334     (45,987     26,868         (73,824

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

     (98,439     (41,590     25,015         (74,278

Basic income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders

     (1.28     (0.54     0.32         (0.96

Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders

     (1.28     (0.54     0.32         (0.96

 

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Table of Contents
     Three Months Ended  
     March 31,
2011
    June 30,
2011
    September 30,
2011
    December 31,
2011
 

Revenues

   $ 779,914      $ 760,538      $ 763,279      $ 767,400   

Operating income (loss)

     (18,110     12,337        (16,053     (3,526

Net loss

     (86,440     (58,442     (94,125     (78,670

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

     (96,211     (65,211     (68,830     (84,375

Basic loss per share attributable to common stockholders

     (1.26     (0.85     (0.90     (1.10

Diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders

     (1.26     (0.85     (0.90     (1.10

Quarterly Results of Operations Data (Unaudited)

The following table presents our unaudited condensed consolidated quarterly statement of operations data for 2012, which has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended  
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
 

Revenues:

        

Service revenues

   $ 773,998      $ 751,285      $ 722,022      $ 700,152   

Equipment revenues

     51,621        35,487        51,950        55,826   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     825,619        786,772        773,972        755,978   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

        

Cost of service (exclusive of items shown separately below)

     261,311        256,555        266,401        249,900   

Cost of equipment

     247,847        171,673        203,846        192,860   

Selling and marketing

     95,554        77,247        88,111        89,058   

General and administrative

     89,699        94,892        85,997        78,346   

Depreciation and amortization

     146,543        154,483        161,821        162,749   

Impairments and other charges

     —          —          14,753        24,646   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     840,954        754,850        820,929        797,559   

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     (468     (333     128,366        102,149   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

     (15,803     31,589        81,409        60,568   

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net

     193        (59     (203     (395

Interest income

     29        28        62        75   

Interest expense

     (67,042     (66,983     (67,308     (66,899

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —          —          —          (18,634
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (82,623     (35,425     13,960        (25,285

Income tax (expense) benefit

     (11,711     (10,562     12,908        (48,539
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

     (94,334     (45,987     26,868        (73,824

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax

     (4,105     4,397        (1,853     (454
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

   $ (98,439   $ (41,590   $ 25,015      $ (74,278
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Performance Measures

In managing our business and assessing our financial performance, management supplements the information provided by financial statement measures with several customer-focused performance metrics that are widely used in the telecommunications industry. These metrics include ARPU, which measures average service revenue per customer; CPGA, which measures the average cost of acquiring a new customer; cash costs per user per month, or CCU, which measures the non-selling cash cost of operating our business on a per customer basis; churn, which measures turnover in our customer base; and adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization, or OIBDA, which measures operating performance. ARPU, CPGA, CCU and adjusted OIBDA are non-GAAP financial measures. A non-GAAP financial measure, within the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance or cash flows that (a) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, which are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income or consolidated statements of cash flows; or (b) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, which are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for a reconciliation of ARPU, CPGA, CCU and adjusted OIBDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

ARPU is service revenues, less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes, divided by the weighted-average number of customers, divided by the number of months during the period being measured. Management uses ARPU to identify average revenue per customer, to track changes in average customer revenues over time, to help evaluate how changes in our business, including changes in our service offerings, affect average revenue per customer, and to forecast future service revenue. In addition, ARPU provides management with a useful measure to compare our subscriber revenue to that of other wireless communications providers. Our customers are generally disconnected from service after a specified period following their failure to either pay a monthly bill or replenish, or “top-up,” their account. Because our calculation of weighted-average number of customers includes customers who are not currently paying for service but who have not yet been disconnected from service because they have not paid their last bill or have not replenished their account, ARPU may appear lower during periods in which we have significant disconnect activity. We believe investors use ARPU primarily as a tool to track changes in our average revenue per customer and to compare our per customer service revenues to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

CPGA is selling and marketing costs (excluding applicable share-based compensation expense or benefit included in selling and marketing expense), and equipment subsidy (generally defined as cost of equipment less equipment revenue), less the net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition, divided by the total number of gross new customer additions during the period being measured. The net loss on equipment transactions unrelated to customer acquisition includes the revenues and costs associated with the sale of wireless devices to existing customers as well as costs associated with device replacements and repairs (other than warranty costs, which are the responsibility of the device manufacturers). Third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition are commissions paid to third parties for certain activities related to the continuing service of customers. We deduct customers who do not pay the first bill they receive following initial activation from our gross customer additions in the month in which they are disconnected, which tends to increase CPGA because we incur the costs associated with a new customer without receiving the benefit of a gross customer addition. Management uses CPGA to measure the efficiency of our customer acquisition efforts, to track changes in our average cost of acquiring new subscribers over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our sales and distribution strategies affect the cost-efficiency of our customer acquisition efforts. In addition, CPGA provides management with a useful measure to compare our per customer acquisition costs with those of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use CPGA primarily as a tool to track changes in our average cost of acquiring new customers and to compare our per customer acquisition costs to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

CCU is cost of service and general and administrative costs (excluding applicable share-based compensation expense or benefit included in cost of service and general and administrative expense) plus net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition (which includes the gain or loss on the sale of devices to existing customers, costs associated with device replacements and repairs (other than warranty costs which are the responsibility of the device manufacturers) and commissions paid to third parties for certain activities related to the continuing service of customers), less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes, divided by the weighted-average number of customers, divided by the number of months during the period being measured. CCU does not include any depreciation and amortization expense. Management uses CCU as a tool to evaluate the non-selling cash expenses associated with ongoing business operations on a per customer basis, to track changes in these non-selling cash costs over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our business operations affect non-selling cash costs per customer. In addition, CCU provides management

 

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with a useful measure to compare our non-selling cash costs per customer with those of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use CCU primarily as a tool to track changes in our non-selling cash costs over time and to compare our non-selling cash costs to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

Churn, which measures customer turnover, is calculated as the net number of customers that disconnect from our service divided by the weighted-average number of customers divided by the number of months during the period being measured. Customers who do not pay the first bill they receive following initial activation are deducted from our gross customer additions in the month in which they are disconnected; as a result, these customers are not included in churn. Customers of our Cricket Wireless and Cricket Broadband service are generally disconnected from service approximately 30 days after failing to pay a monthly bill, and pay-in-advance customers who ask to terminate their service are disconnected when their paid service period ends. Cricket PAYGo customers generally have 60 days from the date they activated their account, were charged a daily or monthly access fee for service or last “topped-up” their account (whichever is later) to do so again, or they will have their account suspended for a subsequent 60-day period before being disconnected. Management uses churn to measure our retention of customers, to measure changes in customer retention over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our business affect customer retention. In addition, churn provides management with a useful measure to compare our customer turnover activity to that of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use churn primarily as a tool to track changes in our customer retention over time and to compare our customer retention to that of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

Adjusted OIBDA is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as operating income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the effects of: (gain)/loss on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net; impairments and other charges; and share-based compensation expense or benefit. Adjusted OIBDA should not be construed as an alternative to operating income (loss) or net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP or as a measure of liquidity.

In a capital-intensive industry such as wireless telecommunications, management believes that adjusted OIBDA, and the associated percentage margin calculations, are meaningful measures of our operating performance. We use adjusted OIBDA as a supplemental performance measure because management believes it facilitates comparisons of our operating performance from period to period and comparisons of our operating performance to that of other companies by backing out potential differences caused by the age and book depreciation of fixed assets (affecting relative depreciation expenses) as well as the items described above for which additional adjustments were made. While depreciation and amortization are considered operating costs under GAAP, these expenses primarily represent the non-cash current period allocation of costs associated with long-lived assets acquired or constructed in prior periods. Because adjusted OIBDA facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance, management also uses this metric for business planning purposes and to measure our performance relative to that of our competitors. In addition, we believe that adjusted OIBDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, financial analysts and credit rating agencies as measures of our financial performance over time and to compare our financial performance with that of other companies in our industry.

Adjusted OIBDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:

 

    it does not reflect capital expenditures;

 

    although it does not include depreciation and amortization, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and adjusted OIBDA does not reflect cash requirements for such replacements;

 

    it does not reflect costs associated with share-based awards exchanged for employee services;

 

    it does not reflect the interest expense necessary to service interest or principal payments on indebtedness;

 

    it does not reflect expenses incurred for the payment of income taxes and other taxes; and

 

    other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate this measure differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

 

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Management understands these limitations and considers adjusted OIBDA as a financial performance measure that supplements but does not replace the information provided to management by our GAAP results.

The following table shows metric information for 2012 (in thousands, except for ARPU, CPGA, CCU, and Churn):

 

     Three Months Ended     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30, 2012     September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   

ARPU

   $ 42.59      $ 41.64      $ 41.94      $ 42.73      $ 42.22   

CPGA

   $ 228      $ 296      $ 310      $ 363      $ 286   

CCU

   $ 24.55      $ 22.91      $ 24.11      $ 24.38      $ 23.98   

Churn

     3.3     4.4     4.8     4.6     4.3

Adjusted OIBDA

   $ 130,514      $ 190,834      $ 131,627      $ 148,191      $ 601,166   

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We utilize certain financial measures, as described above, that are widely used in the telecommunications industry but that are not calculated based on GAAP. Certain of these financial measures are considered “non-GAAP” financial measures within the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.

ARPU - The following table reconciles total service revenues used in the calculation of ARPU to service revenues, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to ARPU (in thousands, except weighted-average number of customers and ARPU):

 

     Three Months Ended     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30, 2012     September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   

Service Revenues

   $ 773,998      $ 751,285      $ 722,022      $ 700,152      $ 2,947,457   

Less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes

     (4,137     (2,678     (1,476     (1,138     (9,429
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total service revenues used in the calculation of ARPU

   $ 769,861      $ 748,607      $ 720,546      $ 699,014      $ 2,938,028   

Weighted-average number of customers

     6,025,427        5,992,047        5,727,212        5,453,288        5,799,493   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

ARPU

   $ 42.59      $ 41.64      $ 41.94      $ 42.73      $ 42.22   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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CPGA - The following table reconciles total costs used in the calculation of CPGA to selling and marketing expense, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to CPGA (in thousands, except gross customer additions and CPGA):

 

     Three Months Ended     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   

Selling and marketing expense

   $ 95,554      $ 77,247      $ 88,111      $ 89,058      $ 349,970   

Less share-based compensation (expense) benefit included in selling and marketing expense

     (23     (616     300        317        (22

Plus cost of equipment

     247,847        171,673        203,846        192,860        816,226   

Less equipment revenue

     (51,621     (35,487     (51,950     (55,826     (194,884

Less net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition

     (96,097     (66,932     (65,611     (74,402     (303,042
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs used in the calculation of CPGA

   $ 195,660      $ 145,885      $ 174,696      $ 152,007      $ 668,248   

Gross customer additions

     859,547        492,720        563,459        418,657        2,334,383   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CPGA

   $ 228      $ 296      $ 310      $ 363      $ 286   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CCU - The following table reconciles total costs used in the calculation of CCU to cost of service, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to CCU (in thousands, except weighted-average number of customers and CCU):

 

     Three Months Ended     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   

Cost of service

   $ 261,311      $ 256,555      $ 266,401      $ 249,900      $ 1,034,167   

Plus general and administrative expense

     89,699        94,892        85,997        78,346        348,934   

Less share-based compensation (expense) benefit included in cost of service and general and administrative expense

     717        (3,813     (2,310     (2,694     (8,100

Plus net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition

     96,097        66,932        65,611        74,402        303,042   

Less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes

     (4,137     (2,678     (1,476     (1,138     (9,429
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs used in the calculation of CCU

   $ 443,687      $ 411,888      $ 414,223      $ 398,816      $ 1,668,614   

Weighted-average number of customers

     6,025,427        5,992,047        5,727,212        5,453,288        5,799,493   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CCU

   $ 24.55      $ 22.91      $ 24.11      $ 24.38      $ 23.98   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Adjusted OIBDA - The following table reconciles adjusted OIBDA to operating income (loss), which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to adjusted OIBDA (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
     September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   

Operating income (loss)

   $ (15,803   $ 31,589       $ 81,409      $ 60,568      $ 157,763   

Plus depreciation and amortization

     146,543        154,483         161,821        162,749        625,596   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

OIBDA

   $ 130,740      $ 186,072       $ 243,230      $ 223,317      $ 783,359   

Plus (gain) loss on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     468        333         (128,366     (102,149     (229,714

Plus impairments and other charges

     —          —           14,753        24,646        39,399   

Plus share-based compensation expense (benefit)

     (694     4,429         2,010        2,377        8,122   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted OIBDA

   $ 130,514      $ 190,834       $ 131,627      $ 148,191      $ 601,166   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and cash generated from operations. We had a total of $675.0 million in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2012. We generated $240.4 million (as restated) of net cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $338.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in net cash from operating activities was primarily attributable to changes in working capital. We expect cash generated from operations to continue to be a significant source of liquidity. We believe that our existing unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short term investments, together with cash generated from operations, provide us with sufficient liquidity to meet the operating and capital requirements for our current business operations and current investment initiatives until our senior secured notes mature in 2016. We expect that we will need to refinance all or substantially all of our $1.1 billion of senior secured notes due 2016 before they mature.

We intend in the near term to refinance and extend the maturities of all or substantially all of our senior indebtedness due between 2014 and 2016 if we are able to do so on favorable terms. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on favorable terms or at all.

Our current investment initiatives include the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets to allow us to continue to provide customers with high-quality service. In addition, we are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to customers in our network footprint. We have deployed LTE across approximately 21 million POPs in our network footprint and may launch the service to up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in 2013. In addition, we may enter into partnerships or joint ventures with others to supplement our facilities-based LTE network coverage. We intend to be disciplined as we consider investment initiatives and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications services. Total capital expenditures for 2013 are expected to be between $275 million and $325 million. For additional information regarding our projected capital expenditures for the next several years, see the discussion below under “-Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions”.

In recent years, we have entered into agreements with significant purchase commitments, including an agreement with Apple to purchase an estimated $800 million of iPhone devices between June 2012 and June 2015 and an agreement with Sprint to purchase a minimum of $205 million of services between 2013 and 2015. Additional information regarding our purchase agreements with Apple and Sprint and other significant contracts and commitments we have entered into is set forth below under “— Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions” and “— Contractual Obligations”.

We determine our future capital and operating requirements and liquidity based upon our current and projected financial and operating performance, the scope of our investment initiatives and the extent of our contractual commitments. There are a number of risks and uncertainties (including those set forth in “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this report) that could cause our financial and operating results and capital or liquidity requirements to differ materially from our projections. If our future financial and operating performance is materially less favorable than our current projections, or if our capital requirements

 

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materially increase, we will likely be required to generate additional capital resources. In such an event, we would seek to increase our liquidity through a number of actions, including refinancing our $250 million of 4.5% convertible senior notes due 2014 prior to maturity; selling assets, including spectrum not currently utilized in our business operations or other business assets; delaying or reducing operating and capital expenditures; or pursuing other capital markets activities.

We had $3,302 million in senior indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2012, which was comprised of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.5% convertible senior notes due 2014, $1,100 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016, $1,600 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% unsecured senior notes due 2020, and $400 million in aggregate principal amount of term loan borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement that mature in 2019, as more fully described below.

Although our significant outstanding indebtedness results in risks to our business that could materially affect our financial condition and performance, we believe that these risks are manageable and that we are taking appropriate actions to monitor and address them. For example, in connection with our financial planning process and capital raising activities, we regularly review our business plans and forecasts to monitor our ability to service our debt and to assess our capacity to incur additional debt under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket’s secured and unsecured senior notes. In addition, because borrowings under our Credit Agreement bear interest at a floating rate, we review changes and trends in interest rates to evaluate possible hedging activities we could implement. We also regularly monitor the capital and credit markets for opportunities to refinance our existing indebtedness on favorable terms and extend the maturities of such indebtedness. As a result of the actions described above, and our expected cash generated from operations and other sources of liquidity, we believe we have the ability to effectively manage our levels of indebtedness and address risks to our business and financial condition related to our indebtedness.

Cash Flows

The following table shows cash flow information for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  
     (As Restated)     (As Restated)     (As Revised)  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 240,388      $ 338,065      $ 319,891   

Net cash used in investing activities

     (99,422     (730,531     (131,565

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     29,341        386,919        (12,535

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $97.7 million, or 28.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. This decrease was primarily attributable to changes in working capital.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $18.2 million, or 5.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. This increase was primarily attributable to increased operating income, exclusive of non cash items such as depreciation and amortization, impairments and other charges and changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $99.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, which included the effects of the following transactions:

 

    We purchased $487.9 million of property and equipment for the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets.

 

    We made investment purchases of $367.5 million, offset by sales or maturities of investments of $613.6 million.

 

    We received approximately $154.1 million in net proceeds from the sale of wireless licenses and operating assets.

 

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Net cash used in investing activities was $730.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2011, which included the effects of the following transactions during the period:

 

    We purchased $395.3 million of property and equipment for the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets.

 

    We made investment purchases of $826.2 million, offset by sales or maturities of investments of $487.9 million.

 

    We received an $18.2 million dividend from one of our equity method investees on July 1, 2011, of which approximately $11.6 million was reflected as cash from investing activities, as it represented a return of our original investment.

Net cash used in investing activities was $131.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, which included the effects of the following transactions:

 

    We purchased $407.8 million of property and equipment for the ongoing growth and development of markets in commercial operation and other internal capital projects.

 

    We made investment purchases of $488.5 million, offset by sales or maturities of investments of $816.2 million.

 

    We acquired certain assets from Pocket for approximately $40.7 million, which were contributed to our South Texas joint venture, STX Wireless.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $29.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, which included the effects of the following transactions:

 

    We entered into a Credit Agreement with respect to a $400 million senior secured term loan facility, which resulted in net proceeds of $396 million. The net proceeds from this borrowing were partially offset by the payment to redeem all of our $300 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 10.0% unsecured senior notes due 2015.

 

    We made approximately $29.4 million in distributions and loans to Pocket in connection with our STX Wireless joint venture.

 

    We repaid in full the remaining $21.9 million in principal amount of our non-negotiable promissory note.

 

    We made a payment of approximately $5.3 million to acquire all of the remaining membership interests we did not previously own in Savary Island.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $386.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, which included the effects of the following transactions during the period:

 

    We issued $400 million of additional 7.75% senior notes due 2020, which resulted in net proceeds of $396.8 million.

 

    We prepaid approximately $23.6 million in principal amount of our non-negotiable promissory note.

 

    We received proceeds of approximately $25.8 million from the sale lease-back financing related to certain of our telecommunications towers and related assets.

Net cash used in financing activities was $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, which included the effects of the following transactions:

 

    We issued $1,200 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020, which resulted in net proceeds of $1,179.9 million. This note issuance was offset by the payment to repurchase and redeem all of our $1,100 million of outstanding 9.375% senior notes due 2014.

 

    We made payments of $24.2 million to acquire all of the remaining membership interests we did not previously own in LCW Wireless, LLC, or LCW.

 

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    We made payments of $12.1 million to repay and discharge all amounts outstanding under LCW’s former senior secured credit agreement.

 

    We made payments of $53.5 million to acquire all of the remaining membership interests we did not previously own in Denali Spectrum, LLC, or Denali.

Credit Agreement

On October 10, 2012, Cricket entered into the Credit Agreement with respect to a $400 million senior secured term loan facility, which was fully drawn at closing and matures in October 2019. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus 3.50% (subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.25% per annum) or at the bank base rate plus 2.50% (subject to a base rate floor of 2.25% per annum), as selected by Cricket. At December 31, 2012, the weighted average effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 4.80%. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement must be repaid in 27 quarterly installments of $1.0 million each, commencing on March 31, 2013, followed by a final installment of $373.0 million at maturity. Net proceeds from the term loan facility were used to redeem all of Cricket’s $300 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 10.0% unsecured senior notes due 2015 and for general corporate purposes.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Leap and each of its existing and future wholly owned domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the borrower) that guarantees any indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor or that constitutes a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (subject to certain exceptions).

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are effectively senior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness (including Cricket’s $1,600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and, in the case of Leap, Leap’s $250 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes), as well as to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted junior lien debt that may be incurred in the future, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the obligations under the Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured on a first-priority basis, equally and ratably with Cricket’s 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 and any future parity lien debt, by liens on substantially all of the present and future personal property of Leap, Cricket and the guarantors, except for certain excluded assets and subject to permitted liens (including liens on the collateral securing any future permitted priority debt). Under the Credit Agreement, Leap, Cricket and the guarantors are permitted to incur liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money in an aggregate principal amount outstanding (including the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016) of up to the greater of $1,750 million and 3.5 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are effectively junior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted priority debt that may be incurred in the future (up to the lesser of 0.30 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters and $300 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding), to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such permitted priority debt, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, borrowings under the Credit Agreement are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

Cricket has the right to prepay borrowings under the Credit Agreement, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, except that prepayments in connection with a repricing transaction occurring on or prior to October 10, 2013 are subject to a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the principal amount of the borrowings so prepaid.

Under the Credit Agreement, Leap and its restricted subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations, including limitations on their ability to: incur additional debt or sell assets, make certain investments, grant liens and pay dividends and make certain other restricted payments. In addition, Cricket will be required to pay down the facility under certain circumstances if Leap and its restricted subsidiaries issue debt, sell assets or property, receive certain extraordinary receipts or generate excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

 

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The Credit Agreement also provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control, which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board. If the indebtedness under the Credit Agreement was accelerated prior to maturity as a result of such change of control, this would give rise to an event of default under the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible notes.

Senior Notes

Discharge of Indenture and Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

On October 10, 2012, in connection with our entry into the Credit Agreement, we issued a notice of redemption to redeem all of our 10% unsecured senior notes due 2015 in accordance with the optional redemption provisions governing the notes at a redemption price of 105% of the principal amount of outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. On November 9, 2012, we completed the redemption for a total cash payment of $324.5 million and the indenture governing the notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms. As a result of this redemption, we recognized a $18.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2012, which was comprised of $15.0 million in redemption premium, $3.5 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.1 million in professional fees.

Discharge of Non-Negotiable Promissory Note Due 2015

Cricket service was previously offered in greater Chicago and Southern Wisconsin by Denali, an entity in which the Company previously owned an 82.5% non-controlling membership interest. In December 2010, Cricket purchased the remaining 17.5% controlling membership interest in Denali that it did not previously own. As part of the purchase price, Cricket issued a five-year $45.5 million non-negotiable promissory note in favor of the former holder of such controlling membership interest, which was scheduled to mature on December 27, 2015. Interest on the outstanding principal balance of the note varied from year to year at rates ranging from approximately 5.0% to 8.3% and compounded annually. Under the note, Cricket’s obligations under the note were secured on a first-lien basis by certain assets of Savary Island. As of December 31, 2011, $21.9 million in principal amount of indebtedness was outstanding under the note. On August 28, 2012, in connection with the sale of certain spectrum by Savary Island to Verizon Wireless that was secured by the noteholder’s lien, Cricket repaid the balance of the non-negotiable promissory note in full and the non-negotiable promissory note was terminated and discharged.

Convertible Senior Notes Due 2014

In June 2008, Leap issued $250 million of unsecured convertible senior notes due 2014 in a private placement to institutional buyers. The notes bear interest at the rate of 4.50% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in January 2009. The notes are Leap’s general unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Leap’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes. The notes are structurally subordinated to the existing and future claims of Leap’s subsidiaries’ creditors, including under the Credit Agreement and the secured and unsecured senior notes described below. The notes are effectively junior to all of Leap’s existing and future secured obligations, including those under the Credit Agreement and the senior secured notes due 2016, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such obligations.

Holders may convert their notes into shares of Leap common stock at any time on or prior to the third scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the notes, July 15, 2014. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock is less than or equal to approximately $93.21 per share, the notes will be convertible into 10.7290 shares of Leap common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (referred to as the “base conversion rate”), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock exceeds approximately $93.21 per share, the conversion rate will be determined pursuant to a formula based on the base conversion rate and an incremental share factor of 8.3150 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, subject to adjustment.

Leap may be required to repurchase all outstanding notes in cash at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the repurchase date if (1) any person acquires beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares of Leap’s capital stock that would entitle the person to exercise 50% or more of the total voting power of all of Leap’s capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, (2) Leap (i) merges or consolidates with or into any other person, another person merges with or into Leap, or Leap conveys, sells, transfers or leases all or substantially all of its assets to another person or (ii) engages in any recapitalization, reclassification or other transaction in

 

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which all or substantially all of Leap common stock is exchanged for or converted into cash, securities or other property, in each case subject to limitations and excluding in the case of (1) and (2) any merger or consolidation where at least 90% of the consideration consists of shares of common stock traded on NYSE, ASE or NASDAQ, (3) a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors ceases to consist of individuals who were directors on the date of original issuance of the notes or whose election or nomination for election was previously approved by the board of directors, (4) Leap is liquidated or dissolved or holders of common stock approve any plan or proposal for its liquidation or dissolution or (5) shares of Leap common stock are not listed for trading on any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market or the NASDAQ Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors). Leap may not redeem the notes at its option.

Senior Secured Notes Due 2016

In June 2009, Cricket issued $1,100 million of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 96.134% of the principal amount, which notes were exchanged in December 2009 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $42.5 million discount to the net proceeds we received in connection with the issuance of the notes has been recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. At December 31, 2012, the effective interest rate on the notes was 7.92%, which includes the effect of the discount accretion.

The notes bear interest at the rate of 7.75% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in November 2009. The notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by Leap and each of its existing and future domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the issuer of the notes) that guarantees any indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor. The notes and the guarantees are Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ senior secured obligations and are equal in right of payment with all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness.

The notes and the guarantees are effectively senior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness (including Cricket’s $1,600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and, in the case of Leap, Leap’s $250 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes), as well as to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted junior lien debt that may be incurred in the future, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the notes and the guarantees.

The notes and the guarantees are secured on a first-priority basis, equally and ratably with the Credit Agreement and any future parity lien debt, by liens on substantially all of the present and future personal property of Leap, Cricket and the guarantors, except for certain excluded assets and subject to permitted liens (including liens on the collateral securing any future permitted priority debt). Under the senior secured notes indenture, Leap, Cricket and the guarantors are permitted to incur debt under existing and future secured credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount outstanding (including the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the notes and under the Credit Agreement) of up to the greater of $1,500 million and 2.5 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters.

The notes and the guarantees are effectively junior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted priority debt that may be incurred in the future (up to the lesser of 0.30 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters and $300 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding), to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such permitted priority debt, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, the notes and the guarantees are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

The notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price of 103.875% and 101.938% of the principal amount thereof if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on May 15, 2013 and 2014, respectively, or at 100% of the principal amount if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on May 15, 2015 or thereafter, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

If a “change of control” occurs (which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board), each holder of the notes may require Cricket to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the repurchase date.

 

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The indenture governing the notes limits, among other things, our ability to: incur additional debt; create liens or other encumbrances; place limitations on distributions from restricted subsidiaries; pay dividends; make investments; prepay subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments; issue or sell capital stock of restricted subsidiaries; issue guarantees; sell assets; enter into transactions with our affiliates; and make acquisitions or merge or consolidate with another entity.

Unsecured Senior Notes Due 2020

In November 2010, Cricket issued $1,200 million of 7.75% unsecured senior notes due 2020 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 98.323% of the principal amount, which were exchanged in January 2011 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $20.1 million discount to the net proceeds we received in connection with the issuance of the notes has been recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. In May 2011, Cricket issued an additional $400 million of 7.75% unsecured senior notes due 2020 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 99.193% of the principal amount, which were exchanged in November 2011 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $3.2 million discount to the net proceeds we received in connection with the issuance of the additional notes was recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. At December 31, 2012, the effective interest rates on the initial $1,200 million tranche and the additional $400 million tranche of the notes were 7.86% and 7.81%, respectively, both of which include the effect of the discount accretion.

The notes bear interest at the rate of 7.75% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in April 2011. The notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by Leap and each of its existing and future domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the issuer of the notes) that guarantees indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor. The notes and the guarantees are Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness. The notes and the guarantees are effectively junior to Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future secured obligations, including those under the Credit Agreement and the senior secured notes due 2016, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such obligations, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, the notes and the guarantees are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

Prior to October 15, 2013, Cricket may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a redemption price of 107.750% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date, from the net cash proceeds of specified equity offerings. Prior to October 15, 2015, Cricket may redeem the notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus the applicable premium and any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date. The applicable premium is calculated as the greater of (i) 1.0% of the principal amount of such notes and (ii) the excess of (a) the present value at such date of redemption of (1) the redemption price of such notes at October 15, 2015 plus (2) all remaining required interest payments due on such notes through October 15, 2015 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the date of redemption), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points, over (b) the principal amount of such notes. The notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time on or after October 15, 2015, at a redemption price of 103.875%, 102.583% and 101.292% of the principal amount thereof if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on October 15, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively, or at 100% of the principal amount if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on October 15, 2018 or thereafter, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date.

If a “change of control” occurs (which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board), each holder of the notes may require Cricket to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the repurchase date.

 

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The indenture governing the notes limits, among other things, our ability to: incur additional debt; create liens or other encumbrances; place limitations on distributions from restricted subsidiaries; pay dividends; make investments; prepay subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments; issue or sell capital stock of restricted subsidiaries; issue guarantees; sell assets; enter into transactions with our affiliates; and make acquisitions or merge or consolidate with another entity.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Non-Financial Assets

As more fully described in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included in “Part II — Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report, we apply the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements to our assets and liabilities. The guidance defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and require less judgment in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets and liabilities that are rarely traded or not quoted have less pricing observability and are generally measured at fair value using valuation models that require more judgment. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency of the asset, liability or market and the nature of the asset or liability.

We have categorized our assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are generally categorized as Level 1; assets and liabilities measured at fair value using observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data for similar assets or liabilities are generally categorized as Level 2; and assets and liabilities measured at fair value using unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by market data are generally categorized as Level 3. Such Level 3 assets and liabilities have values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, and include instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment and estimation. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, none of our financial assets required fair value to be measured using Level 3 inputs. However, as more fully described in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report, we have non-financial assets measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs on a non-recurring basis.

Generally, our results of operations are not significantly impacted by our assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value due to the nature of each asset and liability.

We continue to report our long-term debt obligations at amortized cost and disclose the fair value of such obligations.

Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions

Capital Expenditures

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we incurred approximately $487.9 million in capital expenditures. These capital expenditures were primarily for the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets and the initial deployment of next-generation LTE network technology.

Total capital expenditures for 2013 are expected to be between $275 million and $325 million. These capital expenditures are primarily expected to support the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets, our deployment of LTE network technology and other capital projects.

We are generally targeting annual capital expenditures over the next several years to support the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets (excluding capital expenditures relating to LTE technology) in the amount of approximately 10% of annual service revenues. The actual amount of capital expenditures we spend in future years for these purposes may vary as a result of numerous factors, including our then-available capital resources and customer usage of our network resources.

 

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We have deployed LTE network technology across approximately 21 million POPs and are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers. We may deploy LTE across up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in our network footprint in 2013 (with such potential plans included in our projected total capital expenditures for 2013 above). Capital expenditures for the deployment of LTE are currently anticipated to be less than $10 per covered POP. In addition, we have entered into LTE roaming and wholesale arrangements and we may enter into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We intend to be disciplined as we pursue delivery of additional LTE services to our customers and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications. The extent to which we pursue additional facilities-based LTE coverage and the actual amount we spend will depend upon multiple factors, including the scope and pace of any deployment activities and the availability of partnerships or joint ventures with others.

Other Transactions

On November 26, 2012, we entered into an intra-market license exchange agreement with a subsidiary of T-Mobile USA, Inc., or T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless involving various markets in Philadelphia, Wilmington and Atlantic City. Completion of the license exchange is subject to customary closing conditions, including the consent of the FCC. The wireless licenses to be transferred under the license exchange agreements have been classified in assets held for sale at their carrying value of $136.2 million in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012.

On October 1, 2012, we assigned to various entities affiliated with T-Mobile spectrum in various markets in Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota and Wisconsin in exchange for 10 MHz of additional AWS spectrum in Phoenix, Houston and two other Texas markets. The transactions also included intra-market exchanges between us and T-Mobile in Philadelphia, Wilmington, Atlantic City and various markets in Texas and New Mexico. We recognized a non-cash gain on the transaction of approximately $106.4 million related to the excess of the fair value over carrying value of the spectrum exchanged by us in the transaction.

On August 28, 2012, we purchased 12 MHz of 700 MHz A block spectrum in Chicago from Verizon Wireless for $204 million and we and Savary Island sold to Verizon Wireless excess PCS and AWS spectrum in various markets across the U.S for $360 million. We recognized a net gain of $130.4 million in connection with these transactions.

On November 30, 2011, we assigned 10 MHz of unused wireless spectrum in Indianapolis, IN, Minneapolis, MN and Syracuse, NY to various entities affiliated with T-Mobile as part of a license exchange transaction. In exchange, we received 10 MHz of additional wireless spectrum in seven existing Cricket markets in Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma and New Mexico. In connection with the closing of this transaction, we recognized a non-cash gain of approximately $20.5 million.

On June 30, 2011, one of our equity method investees declared a cash dividend and paid the dividend with funds borrowed under a third-party line of credit. Our share of the dividend based on our ownership percentage was $18.2 million and was received in full on July 1, 2011. In the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011, we presented the portion of the dividend equal to our share of accumulated profits (approximately $6.6 million) as cash from operating activities and the remainder (approximately $11.6 million) as cash from investing activities, as it represented a return of our original investment.

On February 11, 2011, we entered into an agreement with Global Tower, LLC or GTP, to sell certain of our telecommunications tower assets in one or more closings. During the second and third quarters of 2011, we sold those telecommunications towers and related assets for approximately $25.8 million. The transaction was structured as a sale lease-back financing, in which we entered into a 10-year lease agreement with GTP to continue our commercial use of the towers. Accordingly, we recorded a capital lease obligation of $25.8 million, which was equal to the proceeds received from GTP.

iPhone Purchase Commitment

In May 2012, we entered into a three-year iPhone purchase commitment with Apple. The commitment began upon our launch of sales of the iPhone in June 2012. Based on our current handset purchase and sales mix and current iPhone device pricing, we estimate that the commitment would require us to purchase approximately $800 million of iPhones, with annual commitments during the three-year period that increase moderately in the second and third years. We project that the minimum number of iPhones that we are required to purchase from Apple over the term of the commitment would represent 10% or less of the total number of handsets we expect to sell to new and upgrading customers over the period of the commitment and for approximately one year thereafter. However, the actual amount that we spend and the number of devices that we purchase over the term of the commitment will depend on many factors, including customer acceptance and availability of current and future versions of the device, future costs for the device, the success of our marketing and advertising efforts, customer demand for devices offered by other manufacturers and other factors.

 

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At our current purchase rate, we project that we will purchase approximately one-half of our first-year minimum purchase commitment through June 2013, although the actual amount of our purchases will depend on the factors described above. If Apple were to require us to meet the annual minimum commitment in each of the three years of the contract term, we estimate that we would be required to purchase approximately $100 million of additional iPhones in mid-2013 above our current purchase rate, approximately $150 million of additional iPhones in mid-2014 above our current purchase rate and approximately $200 million of additional iPhones in mid-2015 above our current purchase rate. We believe, however, that we will be able to increase our current iPhone sales rate and purchase and sell the required minimum number of devices over the period of the commitment and for a subsequent inventory sell-through period not to exceed one year. We are pursuing a number of programs to expand sales volume, including exploring expanded device leasing and financing programs and working with Apple to increase our advertising and promotional programs to increase awareness of our iPhone offering. In addition, if Apple introduces an AWS-compatible version of the iPhone in the future, we will be able to sell the device in additional markets covering approximately 40% of our covered POPs. We also have the flexibility to modify the price at which we offer the iPhone to drive increased volume. In addition, it is possible that we and Apple could agree to revise the requirements under, or extend the term of, our purchase commitment, although our current capital and liquidity projections do not assume that such a modification will occur.

Wholesale Agreement

In August 2010, we entered into a wholesale agreement with an affiliate of Sprint Nextel which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. The initial term of the wholesale agreement runs until December 31, 2015, and automatically renews for successive one-year periods unless either party provides 180-day advance notice to the other. Under the agreement, we pay Sprint a specified amount per month for each subscriber activated on its network, subject to periodic market-based adjustments. We have agreed, among other things, to purchase a minimum of $300 million of wholesale services over the initial five-year term of the agreement, with the following annual minimum purchase commitments: $20 million in 2011; $75 million in 2012; $80 million in 2013; $75 million in 2014; and $50 million in 2015. We entered into an amendment to the wholesale agreement in February 2013 to enable us to purchase 4G LTE services. In addition, under the amendment, we can credit up to $162 million of revenue we provide Sprint under other existing commercial arrangements against the minimum purchase commitment. Any wholesale revenue we provide to Sprint in a given year above the minimum purchase commitment for that particular year is credited to the next succeeding year. However, to the extent our revenues were to fall beneath the applicable commitment amount for any given year, excess revenues from a subsequent year could not be carried back to offset such shortfall.

Our obligation to provide the minimum purchase amount for any calendar year is subject to Sprint’s compliance with specified covenants in the wholesale agreement. Based upon a review of information provided by us to Sprint, we informed Sprint that certain of those covenants had not been met in 2012 and that, as a result, we were not subject to the minimum purchase commitment for that year. Sprint disputed that assertion. In February 2013, the parties resolved the matter.

In addition, in the event we are involved in a change-of-control transaction with another facilities-based wireless carrier with annual revenues of at least $500 million in the fiscal year preceding the date of the change of control agreement (other than MetroPCS Communications, Inc., or MetroPCS, either we (or our successor in interest) or Sprint may terminate the wholesale agreement within 60 days following the closing of such a transaction. In connection with any such termination, we (or our successor in interest) would be required to pay to Sprint a specified percentage of the remaining aggregate minimum purchase commitment, with the percentage to be paid depending on the year in which the change of control agreement was entered into, being 20% for any such agreement entered into in 2013 and 10% for any such agreement entered into in 2014 or 2015.

In the event that we are involved in a change-of-control transaction with MetroPCS during the term of the wholesale agreement, then the agreement would continue in full force and effect, subject to certain revisions, including, without limitation, an increase to the total minimum purchase commitment to $350 million, taking into account any revenue contributed by Cricket prior to the date thereof. In the event Sprint is involved in a change-of-control transaction, the agreement would bind Sprint’s successor-in-interest.

STX Wireless Joint Venture

Cricket service is offered in South Texas by our joint venture STX Operations, which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless. The joint venture was created in October 2010 through the contribution by us and Pocket, of substantially all of our respective wireless spectrum and operating assets in the South Texas region. In exchange for such contributions, Cricket received a 75.75% controlling membership interest in STX Wireless and Pocket received a 24.25% non-controlling membership interest. Additionally, in connection with the transaction, we made payments to Pocket of approximately $40.7 million in cash.

 

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Cricket controls and manages the joint venture under the terms of the amended and restated limited liability company agreement of STX Wireless, or the STX LLC Agreement. Under the STX LLC Agreement, Pocket has the right to put, and we have the right to call, all of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless, which rights are generally exercisable on or after April 1, 2014. In addition, in the event of a change of control of Leap, Pocket is obligated to sell to us all of its membership interests in STX Wireless. The purchase price for Pocket’s membership interests would be equal to 24.25% of the product of Leap’s enterprise value-to-revenue multiple for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters multiplied by the total revenues of STX Wireless and its subsidiaries over that same period, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. In the event optional cash distributions are made to the members of STX Wireless pursuant to the STX LLC Agreement, the purchase price is reduced by the total amount of such distributions made to Pocket plus an amount equal to an 8.0% per annum return on each such distribution from the date it was made. The purchase price is payable in either cash, Leap common stock or a combination thereof, as determined by Cricket in its discretion (provided that, if permitted by Cricket’s debt instruments, at least $25 million of the purchase price must be paid in cash). We have the right to deduct from or set off against the purchase price certain distributions made to Pocket, as well as any obligations owed to us by Pocket. Under the STX LLC Agreement, Cricket is permitted to purchase Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless over multiple closings in the event that the block of shares of Leap common stock issuable to Pocket at the closing of the purchase would be greater than 9.9% of the total number of shares of Leap common stock then issued and outstanding.

To the extent the redemption price for Pocket’s non-controlling membership interest varies from the value of Pocket’s net interest in STX Wireless at any period (after the attribution of profits or losses), the value of such interest is accreted to the redemption price for such interest with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a net accretion benefit of approximately $0.7 million and $8.9 million, respectively, to bring the carrying value of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless to its estimated redemption value.

In accordance with the STX LLC Agreement, STX Wireless made pro-rata tax distributions of $9.1 million and $3.0 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively, in connection with their estimated tax liabilities resulting from STX Wireless’ earnings for the year ended December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2011, STX Wireless made similar pro-rata tax distributions of $5.7 million and $1.7 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively. We recorded these tax distributions to Pocket as an adjustment to additional paid-in-capital in the consolidated balance sheets and as a component of accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests and distributions, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The distributions made to Cricket were eliminated in consolidation.

On July 12, 2012, STX Wireless made an optional pro-rata cash distribution of $50.7 million and $16.2 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively. Under the STX LLC Agreement, this optional distribution to Pocket (plus an annual return, as discussed above), is deducted from the purchase price payable to Pocket in the event of a put, call or mandatory buyout following a change of control of Leap.

At the closing of the formation of the joint venture, STX Wireless entered into a loan and security agreement with Pocket pursuant to which, commencing in April 2012, STX Wireless agreed to make quarterly limited-recourse loans to Pocket out of excess cash in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30 million, which loans are secured by Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless. As of December 31, 2012, Pocket had approximately $8.3 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the loan and security agreement. Borrowings under the loan and security agreement bear interest at 8.0% per annum, compounded annually, and will mature on the earlier of October 2020 and the date on which Pocket ceases to hold any membership interests in STX Wireless. Cricket has the right to set off all outstanding principal and interest under this loan and security agreement against the payment of the purchase price for Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless in the event of a put, call or mandatory buyout following a change of control of Leap. Accordingly, outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under the loan and security agreement have been recorded as a deduction from the purchase price payable to Pocket as discussed above in the consolidated balance sheets and as a component of accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests and distributions, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The offset of the outstanding borrowings and accrued interest against the purchase price for Pocket’s membership interest, coupled with the accretion benefit recorded to adjust the redemption value of Pocket’s net interest in STX Wireless, brought the carrying value of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless to an estimated redemption value of $64.5 million and $90.7 million as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

 

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In a separate transaction, on January 3, 2011, we acquired Pocket’s customer assistance call center for $850,000. We accounted for this transaction as a business purchase combination in accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations. A portion of the purchase price was assigned to property and equipment and the remaining amount was allocated to goodwill.

During 2011, we completed the integration of Cricket and Pocket operating assets in the South Texas region to enable the combined network and retail operations of the STX Wireless joint venture to operate more efficiently. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we incurred approximately $26.4 million, of such integration costs, which were recorded in impairments and other charges within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Savary Island Venture

Cricket formerly owned an 85% non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island, which held wireless spectrum in the upper Midwest portion of the U.S. and which leased a portion of that spectrum to us. The remaining 15% controlling interest was held by Ring Island Wireless, LLC, or Ring Island. In May 2012, Ring Island exercised its right to put its entire controlling membership interest in Savary Island to Cricket, and in October 2012, Cricket acquired Ring Island’s 15% controlling interest for approximately $5.3 million in cash. In December 2012, Savary Island and its subsidiaries were merged with and into Cricket, with Cricket as the surviving entity.

Cricket, Savary Island and Savary Island’s wholly-owned subsidiaries were party to an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2010, or the Savary Island Credit Agreement, pursuant to which Savary Island had assumed approximately $211.6 million of the outstanding loans then owed to Cricket by a subsidiary of Denali in connection with the contribution of certain wireless spectrum by a subsidiary of Denali to Savary Island. Under the Savary Island Credit Agreement, Cricket had also agreed to loan Savary Island up to $5.0 million to fund its working capital needs. Immediately prior to Cricket’s acquisition of Ring Island’s controlling membership interest in Savary Island, the outstanding borrowings under the Savary Island Credit Agreement (including accrued interest), after giving effect to various repayments and debt cancellations made in connection with the closing of spectrum transactions involving Savary Island, totaled approximately $12.5 million. In connection with Cricket’s acquisition of Ring Island’s controlling membership interest, all remaining indebtedness under the Savary Island Credit Agreement was converted into equity in Savary Island and the Savary Island Credit Agreement and all related loan and security documents were terminated.

Contractual Obligations

The following table sets forth estimated amounts and timing of our minimum contractual payments as of December 31, 2012 for the next five years and thereafter (in thousands). Future events, including potential refinancing of our long-term debt, could cause actual payments to differ significantly from these amounts.

 

     2013      2014-2015      2016-2017      Thereafter      Total  

Long-term debt(1)

   $ 4,000       $ 258,000       $ 1,108,000       $ 1,980,000       $ 3,350,000   

Capital leases(2)

     9,492         18,039         12,299         16,344         56,174   

Operating leases

     266,301         521,980         386,820         334,897         1,509,998   

Purchase obligations(3)

     761,187         768,920         121,622         —           1,651,729   

Contractual interest(4)

     239,500         462,594         317,969         379,944         1,400,007   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,280,480       $ 2,029,533       $ 1,946,710       $ 2,711,185       $ 7,967,908   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(1) Amounts shown for Cricket’s long-term debt include principal only and exclude the effects of discount accretion on our $1,100 million of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016, $1,600 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020 and $400 million senior secured term loans under the Credit Agreement. Interest on the debt, calculated at the current interest rate, is stated separately.
(2) Amounts shown for Cricket’s capital leases include principal and interest.
(3) Purchase obligations are defined as agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms including (a) fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, (b) fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and (c) the approximate timing of the transaction. These amounts exclude purchase orders already reflected in our current liabilities. These amounts also include our estimated purchase commitment with Apple for iPhones as discussed above under —“iPhone Purchase Commitment.”
(4) Contractual interest is based on the current interest rates in effect at December 31, 2012 for debt outstanding as of that date.

The table above does not include the following contractual obligations relating to STX Wireless: (1) Cricket’s obligation to pay to Pocket, if Pocket exercises its right to sell its membership interest in STX Wireless to Cricket, an amount equal to 24.25% of the product of Leap’s enterprise value-to-revenue multiple for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters multiplied by the total revenues of STX Wireless and its subsidiaries over that same period, which amount is estimated to be approximately $64.5 million as of December 31, 2012; and (2) STX Wireless’ obligation to make quarterly limited-recourse loans to Pocket out of excess cash in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30.0 million.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02, “Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” or ASU 2012-02. ASU 2012-02 simplifies the requirements for testing for indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill and permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative fair value test. This new guidance is effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2013 and will be applied prospectively. We anticipate that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on us or our consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have and have not had any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Leap Wireless International, Inc.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity, and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Leap Wireless International, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management and we previously concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. However, management has subsequently determined that a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the failure to design effective controls to properly classify purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable at period-end such that the consolidated statement of cash flows only included purchases of property and equipment as investing cash outflows when such amounts had been actually paid during the period existed as of that date. Accordingly, management’s report has been restated and our present opinion on internal control over financial reporting, as presented herein, is different from that expressed in our previous report. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the failure to design effective controls to properly classify purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable at period-end such that the consolidated statement of cash flows only included purchases of property and equipment as investing cash outflows when such amounts had been actually paid during the period existed as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2012 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in management’s report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has restated its 2012 and 2011 financial statements to correct an error.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

San Diego, California

February 22, 2013, except for the effects of the restatement and revision discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements and the matter described in the fourth paragraph of Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, and with respect to our opinion on the consolidated financial statements insofar as it relates to the effects of the revision discussed in Note 16, as to which the date is October 25, 2013

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

 

     December 31,
2012
    December 31,
2011
 

Assets

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 515,550      $ 345,243   

Short-term investments

     159,426        405,801   

Inventories

     121,601        116,957   

Deferred charges

     60,963        57,979   

Other current assets

     139,242        134,457   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     996,782        1,060,437   

Property and equipment, net

     1,762,090        1,957,374   

Wireless licenses

     1,947,333        1,788,970   

Assets held for sale (Note 7)

     136,222        204,256   

Goodwill

     31,886        31,886   

Intangible assets, net

     24,663        41,477   

Other assets

     68,284        68,290   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 4,967,260      $ 5,152,690   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

    

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 396,110      $ 460,278   

Current maturities of long-term debt

     4,000        21,911   

Other current liabilities

     216,880        263,740   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     616,990        745,929   

Long-term debt, net

     3,298,463        3,198,749   

Deferred tax liabilities

     385,111        333,804   

Other long-term liabilities

     169,047        164,983   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     4,469,611        4,443,465   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Redeemable non-controlling interests

     64,517        95,910   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock - authorized 10,000,000 shares, $.0001 par value; no shares issued and outstanding

     —          —     

Common stock - authorized 160,000,000 shares, $.0001 par value; 79,194,750 and 78,924,049 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively

     8        8   

Additional paid-in capital

     2,182,503        2,175,436   

Accumulated deficit

     (1,748,694     (1,561,417

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (685     (712
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     433,132        613,315   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 4,967,260      $ 5,152,690   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Revenues:

      

Service revenues

   $ 2,947,457      $ 2,829,281      $ 2,482,601   

Equipment revenues

     194,884        241,850        214,602   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     3,142,341        3,071,131        2,697,203   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

      

Cost of service (exclusive of items shown separately below)

     1,034,167        981,203        840,635   

Cost of equipment

     816,226        817,920        591,994   

Selling and marketing

     349,970        369,257        414,318   

General and administrative

     348,934        355,529        361,571   

Depreciation and amortization

     625,596        548,426        457,035   

Impairments and other charges (Note 11)

     39,399        26,770        477,327   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     3,214,292        3,099,105        3,142,880   

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     229,714        2,622        (5,061
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

     157,763        (25,352     (450,738

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net

     (464     2,984        1,912   

Interest income

     194        245        1,010   

Interest expense

     (268,232     (256,175     (243,377

Other income (expense), net

     —          (2     3,209   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     (18,634     —          (54,558
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (129,373     (278,300     (742,542

Income tax expense

     (57,904     (39,377     (42,513
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

     (187,277     (317,677     (785,055

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests and distributions, net of tax

     (2,015     3,050        (86,898
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (189,292   $ (314,627   $ (871,953
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

      

Basic

   $ (2.45   $ (4.11   $ (11.49
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted

   $ (2.45   $ (4.11   $ (11.49
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shares used in per share calculations:

      

Basic

     77,283        76,534        75,917   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted

     77,283        76,534        75,917   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss):

      

Net loss

   $ (187,277   $ (317,677   $ (785,055

Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments and other

     27        (14     (254

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss, net of tax

     —          —          (1,457
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

   $ (187,250   $ (317,691   $ (786,766
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  
    

(As Restated,

See Note 2)

   

(As Restated,

See Note 2)

   

(As Revised,

See Note 2)

 

Operating activities:

      

Net loss

   $ (187,277   $ (317,677   $ (785,055

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Share-based compensation expense

     8,122        15,328        36,609   

Depreciation and amortization

     625,596        548,426        457,035   

Accretion of asset retirement obligations

     3,208        3,061        2,503   

Non-cash interest items, net

     13,514        13,178        11,446   

Non-cash (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt

     3,528        —          (2,040

Deferred income tax expense

     53,845        35,316        39,263   

Impairments and other charges

     13,640        377        477,327   

(Gain) loss on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net

     (229,714     (2,732     5,061   

Equity in net (income) loss of investees, net of cash dividends

     464        3,628        (1,912

Changes in assets and liabilities:

      

Inventories and deferred charges

     (7,628     (23,352     (2,469

Other assets

     (9,735     (40,970     (16,791

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     (6,136     38,224        70,733   

Other liabilities

     (53,989     43,212        28,181   

Impairments and other charges, to be settled in cash

     12,950        22,046        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     240,388        338,065        319,891   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

      

Acquisition of a business

     —          (850     (40,730

Purchases of property and equipment

     (487,921     (395,343     (407,793

Change in prepayments for purchases of property and equipment

     (6,357     (6,813     2,698   

Purchases of wireless licenses and spectrum clearing costs

     (5,596     (4,880     (13,319

Proceeds from sales of wireless licenses and operating assets, net

     154,068        5,070        —     

Purchases of investments

     (367,487     (826,233     (488,450

Sales and maturities of investments

     613,632        487,860        816,247   

Purchase of membership units of equity investment

     —          —          (967

Dividend received from equity investee

     —          11,606        —     

Change in restricted cash

     239        (948     749   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (99,422     (730,531     (131,565
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financing activities:

      

Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt

     396,000        396,772        1,179,876   

Repayment of long-term debt

     (321,911     (23,589     (1,118,096

Payment of debt issuance costs

     (5,645     (7,269     (1,308

Purchase of non-controlling interest

     (5,250     —          (77,664

Non-controlling interest contribution

     —          —          5,100   

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net

     959        1,346        1,535   

Proceeds from sale lease-back financing

     —          25,815        —     

Payments made to joint venture partners

     (29,407     (3,108     —     

Other

     (5,405     (3,048     (1,978
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     29,341        386,919        (12,535
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     170,307        (5,547     175,791   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     345,243        350,790        174,999   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 515,550      $ 345,243      $ 350,790   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

 

     Common Stock      Additional
Paid-In
    Accumulated     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
       
     Shares      Amount      Capital     Deficit     Income (Loss)     Total  

Balance at December 31, 2009

     77,524,040         8         2,148,194        (458,685     1,013        1,690,530   

Components of comprehensive loss:

              

Net loss

     —           —           —          (785,055     —          (785,055

Net unrealized holding losses on investments, net of tax

     —           —           —          —          (254     (254

Less: reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss, net of tax

     —           —           —          —          (1,457     (1,457
              

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

                 (786,766
              

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense

     —           —           36,609        —          —          36,609   

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax

     —           —           (86,898     —          —          (86,898

Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans, net of repurchases

     913,269         —           1,535        —          —          1,535   

Gain on formation of joint ventures, net of tax

     —           —           56,272        —          —          56,272   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

     78,437,309         8         2,155,712        (1,243,740     (698     911,282   

Components of comprehensive loss:

              

Net loss

     —           —           —          (317,677     —          (317,677

Net unrealized holding losses on investments, net of tax

     —           —           —          —          (14     (14
              

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

                 (317,691
              

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense

     —           —           15,328        —          —          15,328   

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax

     —           —           5,124        —          —          5,124   

Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans, net of repurchases

     486,740         —           1,346        —          —          1,346   

Distributions to joint venture partners

     —           —           (2,074     —          —          (2,074
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2011

     78,924,049         8         2,175,436        (1,561,417     (712     613,315   

Components of comprehensive loss:

              

Net loss

     —           —           —          (187,277     —          (187,277

Net unrealized holding gains on investments, net of tax

     —           —           —          —          27        27   
              

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

                 (187,250
              

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense

     —           —           8,122        —          —          8,122   

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax

     —           —           2,126        —          —          2,126   

Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans, net of repurchases

     270,701         —           960        —          —          960   

Distributions to joint venture partners

     —           —           (4,141     —          —          (4,141
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2012

     79,194,750         8         2,182,503        (1,748,694     (685     433,132   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. The Company

Leap Wireless International, Inc. (“Leap”), a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures, is a wireless communications carrier that offers digital wireless services in the United States under the “Cricket®” brand. Cricket service offerings provide customers with unlimited nationwide wireless services for a flat rate without requiring a fixed-term contract or a credit check. The Company’s primary service is Cricket Wireless, which offers customers unlimited nationwide voice and data services for a flat monthly rate. Leap conducts operations through its subsidiaries and has no independent operations or sources of income other than through interest income and dividends, if any, from its subsidiaries.

Cricket service is offered by Cricket Communications, Inc. (“Cricket”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leap. Cricket service is also offered in South Texas by the Company’s joint venture, STX Wireless Operations, LLC (“STX Operations”), which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless, LLC (“STX Wireless”). For more information regarding this venture, see “Note 7. Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions.”

Leap, Cricket and their subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures are collectively referred to herein as the “Company.”

Note 2. Restatement and Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company has restated its consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 due to a classification error related to the presentation of certain capital expenditures and operating cash flows. The Company has also revised the 2010 presentation to correct this error (which increased previously reported net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities by $7.6 million) although the impact was determined to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010.

The classification error related to certain purchases of property and equipment that were unpaid at each of the balance sheet dates (but that were scheduled to be settled in cash soon thereafter), which were incorrectly reflected as cash outflows from investing activities and cash inflows from operating activities. This classification error resulted in a misstatement of net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities, as follows (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31, 2012     Year Ended December 31, 2011  
     As Previously
Reported
    Adjustment     As Restated     As Previously
Reported
    Adjustment     As Restated  

Operating Activities

            

Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ (64,079   $ 57,943      $ (6,136   $ 87,668      $ (49,444   $ 38,224   

Net cash provided by operating activities

     182,445        57,943        240,388        387,509        (49,444     338,065   

Investing Activities

            

Purchases of property and equipment

   $ (434,395   $ (53,526   $ (487,921   $ (441,656   $ 46,313      $ (395,343

Change in prepayments for purchases of property and equipment

     (1,940     (4,417     (6,357     (9,944     3,131        (6,813

Net cash used in investing activities

     (41,479     (57,943     (99,422     (779,975     49,444        (730,531

The Company has also reflected these corrections as applicable in its consolidated financial statements and also in the consolidating statements of cash flows presented in “Note 16. Guarantor Financial Information,” and has updated the Supplementary Cash Flow Information table in “Note 5. Supplementary Financial Information.”

The resulting restatement has no impact on the total end-of-period cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows or on the related consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income or consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for any of the affected periods.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Note 3. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the operating results and financial position of Leap and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as the operating results and financial position of STX Wireless and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company consolidates STX Wireless in accordance with the authoritative guidance for consolidations based on the voting interest model. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements also include the operating results and financial position of Savary Island Wireless, LLC (“Savary Island”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries prior to their merger with and into Cricket on December 28, 2012. Prior to October 1, 2012, the Company consolidated its non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the consolidation of variable interest entities because Savary Island was a variable interest entity and, among other factors, the Company had entered into an agreement with Savary Island’s other member that established a specified purchase price in the event that it exercised its right to sell its membership interest to the Company. On October 1, 2012, the Company acquired the remaining 15% controlling membership interest in Savary Island and Savary Island and its wholly-owned subsidiaries became direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, respectively, of Cricket.

Segment and Geographic Data

The Company operates in a single operating segment and a single reporting unit as a wireless communications carrier that offers digital wireless services in the United States. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, all of the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets related to operations in the United States.

Prior Year Revision

Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect the allocation of deferred rents between other long-term liabilities and other current liabilities. Net income and shareholders’ equity were not affected by this revision.

Revenues

The Company’s business revenues principally arise from the sale of wireless services, devices (handsets and broadband modems) and accessories. Wireless services are provided primarily on a month-to-month basis. The Company’s customers are required to pay for their service in advance and the Company does not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check. Service revenues are recognized only after payment has been received and services have been rendered.

When the Company activates service for a new customer, it often sells that customer a device along with a period of service. In accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables, the sale of a device along with service constitutes a multiple element arrangement. Under this guidance, once a company has determined the best estimate of selling price of the elements in the sales transaction, the total consideration received from the customer must be allocated among those elements on a relative selling price basis. Applying the guidance to these transactions results in the Company recognizing the total consideration received, less amounts allocated to the wireless service period (generally the customer’s monthly service plan), as equipment revenue.

Amounts allocated to equipment revenues and related costs from the sale of devices are recognized when service is activated by new customers. Revenues and related costs from the sale of devices and accessories to existing customers are recognized at the point of sale. The costs of devices and accessories sold are recorded in cost of equipment. In addition to devices that the Company sells directly to its customers at Cricket-owned stores, the Company sells devices to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers. These dealers then sell the devices to the ultimate Cricket customer, similar to the sale made at a Cricket-owned store. Sales of devices to third-party dealers are recognized as equipment revenues only when service is activated by customers, since the level of price reductions and commissions ultimately available to such dealers is not reliably estimable until the devices are sold by such dealers to customers. Thus, revenues from devices sold to third-party dealers are recorded as deferred equipment revenue and the related costs of the devices are recorded as deferred charges upon shipment of the devices by the Company. The deferred charges are recognized as equipment costs when the related equipment revenue is recognized, which occurs when service is activated by the customer.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

In 2012, the Company entered into an arrangement with a third-party logistics provider to manage the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. The arrangement was structured, if fully implemented, to allow the Company’s third-party dealers and nationwide retailers to purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider, such that the Company, in most cases, would not hold title to, or have risk of loss for, the related device inventory shipped to its dealers. As a result, the Company would not record deferred equipment revenues or deferred charges on its balance sheet for the devices when shipped nor would the Company record equipment revenues or cost of equipment when these devices were activated. Amounts paid to the logistics provider would be recorded as deferred costs upon shipment of devices to the dealers and retailers and in cost of equipment when service is activated by the customer.

The Company amended the terms of the arrangement, effective December 1, 2012, such that the Company’s third-party dealers and nationwide retailers will no longer purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider. The logistics provider will continue to assist with the management of the Company’s supply chain efforts, including planning, purchasing and fulfillment. Prior to this amendment, during the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company’s third-party dealers and nationwide retailers purchased and sold approximately $20.5 million of handsets and other devices from the logistics provider.

Through a third-party provider, the Company’s customers may elect to participate in an extended warranty program for devices they purchase. The Company recognizes revenue on replacement devices sold to its customers under the program when the customer purchases the device.

The Company participates in the federal government’s Lifeline program and is designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier in certain states in which it provides wireless services. Under this program, the Company offers discounted wireless services to qualified customers and generally receives reimbursement for a portion of the subsidized services. The Company recognizes revenue under this program only after amounts eligible for reimbursement have been determined and services have been rendered.

Sales incentives offered to customers and commissions and sales incentives offered to the Company’s third-party dealers are recognized as a reduction of revenue when the related service or equipment revenue is recognized. Customers have limited rights to return devices and accessories based on time and/or usage, and customer returns of devices and accessories have historically been insignificant.

Amounts billed by the Company in advance of customers’ wireless service periods are not reflected in accounts receivable or deferred revenue since collectability of such amounts is not reasonably assured. Deferred revenue consists primarily of cash received from customers in advance of their service period and deferred equipment revenue related to devices sold to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers.

Universal Service Fund, E-911 and other telecommunications-related regulatory fees are assessed by various federal and state governmental agencies in connection with the services that the Company provides to its customers. The service plans the Company currently offers are “all-inclusive” of telecommunications and regulatory fees, in that the Company does not separately bill and collect amounts owed and remitted to government agencies from its customers. For the Company’s legacy service plans, which are not “all-inclusive,” the Company separately bills and collects from its customers amounts owed and remitted to government agencies. Regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from the Company’s customers are recorded in service revenues. Amounts owed to government agencies are recorded in cost of service. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 the total amount of regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from customers and recorded in service revenues was $9.4 million, $32.6 million and $108.4 million, respectively. Sales, use and excise taxes for all service plans are reported on a net basis.

Costs and Expenses

The Company’s costs and expenses include:

Cost of Service. The major components of cost of service are: charges from other communications companies for long distance, roaming and content download services provided to the Company’s customers; charges from other communications companies for their transport and termination of calls originated by the Company’s customers and destined for customers of

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

other networks; expenses for tower and network facility rent, engineering operations, field technicians and utility and maintenance charges; amounts paid to publishers and label partners in support of our Muve Music service, and salary and overhead charges associated with these functions; and regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes, including Universal Service Fund and E-911 fees.

Cost of Equipment. Cost of equipment primarily includes the cost of devices and accessories purchased from third-party vendors and resold to the Company’s customers in connection with its services, as well as the lower of cost or market write-downs associated with excess or obsolete devices and accessories.

Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses primarily include advertising expenses, promotional and public relations costs associated with acquiring new customers, store operating costs (such as retail associates’ salaries and rent), and salary and overhead charges associated with selling and marketing functions.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses primarily include call center and other customer care program costs and salary, overhead and outside consulting costs associated with the Company’s customer care, billing, information technology, finance, human resources, accounting, legal and executive functions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash with major financial institutions in money market funds, short-term U.S. Treasury securities and other securities such as prime-rated short-term commercial paper. The Company has not experienced any significant losses on its cash and cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments generally consist of highly liquid, fixed-income investments with an original maturity at the time of purchase of greater than three months. Such investments consist of commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper and obligations of the U.S. government and government agencies.

Investments are classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value. The net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). The specific identification method is used to compute the realized gains and losses on investments. Investments are periodically reviewed for impairment. If the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

The Company has set aside certain amounts of cash, cash equivalents and short term investments to satisfy certain contractual obligations and has classified such amounts as restricted in its consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are included in either other current assets or other assets, depending on the nature of the underlying contractual obligation. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had approximately $0.7 million and $11.4 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments included in other current assets and other assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had approximately $3.6 million and $8.8 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments included in other current assets and other assets, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value for accounting purposes, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The guidance defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and require less judgment in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets and liabilities that are rarely traded or not quoted have less pricing observability and are generally measured at fair value using valuation

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

models that require more judgment. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency of the asset, liability or market and the nature of the asset or liability. The Company has categorized its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy in accordance with this guidance. See “Note 4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Non-Financial Assets” for further discussion regarding the Company’s measurement of assets and liabilities at fair value.

Inventories and Deferred Charges

Inventories consist of devices and accessories not yet placed into service and units designated for the replacement of damaged customer devices, and are stated at the lower of cost or market using the average cost method. Devices sold to third party dealers and nationwide retailers are recorded as deferred charges upon shipment of the devices by the Company. The deferred charges are recognized as cost of equipment when service is activated by the customer.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Additions and improvements are capitalized, while expenditures that do not enhance the asset or extend its useful life are charged to operating expenses as incurred. Depreciation is applied using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets once the assets are placed in service.

The following table summarizes the depreciable lives for property and equipment (in years):

 

     Depreciable
Life

Network equipment:

  

Switches

   5-10

Switch power equipment

      15

Cell site equipment and site improvements

     5-7

Towers

      15

Antennae

        5

Computer hardware and software

     3-5

Furniture, fixtures retail and office equipment

     3-7

The Company’s network construction expenditures are recorded as construction-in-progress until the network or other asset is placed in service, at which time the asset is transferred to the appropriate property or equipment category and depreciation commences. The Company capitalizes salaries and related costs of engineering and technical operations employees as components of construction-in-progress during the construction period to the extent time and expense are attributed to the construction effort. The Company also capitalizes certain telecommunications and other related costs as construction-in-progress during the construction period to the extent they are incremental and directly related to the network under construction. In addition, interest is capitalized on the carrying values of both wireless licenses and equipment during the construction period and is depreciated over an estimated useful life of ten years. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not capitalize any interest to property and equipment.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use, certain costs related to the development of internal use software are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company capitalized internal use software costs of $74.4 million and $88.6 million, respectively, to property and equipment, and amortized internal use software costs of $76.7 million and $56.5 million, respectively.

Long-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company’s long-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and customer relationships. The Company’s trademarks were recorded upon adoption of fresh-start reporting and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of fourteen years. Customer relationships acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Hargray Wireless, LLC (“Hargray Wireless”) in 2008 and the formation of the STX Wireless joint venture in the fourth quarter of 2010 are

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

amortized on an accelerated basis over a useful life of up to four years. Amortization expense for other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $16.8 million, $23.4 million and $10.1 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets is $10.6 million for 2013, $4.6 million for 2014, $2.6 million for 2015, $2.6 million for 2016, $2.6 million for 2017 and $1.5 million thereafter.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses potential impairments to its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that their respective carrying values may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be required to be recognized when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a long-lived asset (or group of such assets) are less than its carrying value. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and charged to results of operations.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce its previously planned network expansion activities and overall capital expenditures, certain projects relating to network design, site acquisition and other internal corporate initiatives were canceled. Therefore, the Company determined that certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable, and as such, recorded an impairment charge of $13.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2012, reducing the carrying value of those capitalized amounts to zero. There were no other events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

There were no events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

In August 2010, the Company entered into a wholesale agreement, which it uses to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of its current network footprint. This agreement has enabled the Company to strengthen its retail presence in its existing markets and expand its distribution nationwide, and provided greater flexibility with respect to the Company’s network expansion plans. As a result, after entering into this wholesale agreement, the Company determined to spend an increased portion of its planned capital expenditures on the deployment of next-generation LTE technology and to defer its previously planned network expansion activities. As a result of these developments, costs for certain network, design, site acquisition and capitalized interest relating to the expansion of the Company’s network that had been previously accumulated in construction-in-progress were determined to be impaired and the Company recorded an impairment charge of $46.5 million during the third quarter of 2010.

Impairment of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company assesses potential impairments to its indefinite-lived intangible assets, including wireless licenses and goodwill, on an annual basis or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment condition may exist. In addition on a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the triggering event criteria outlined in the authoritative guidance for intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. The Company’s annual impairment test is conducted each year during the third quarter as further discussed in Note 6.

Wireless Licenses

The Company holds Personal Communications Services (“PCS”), Advanced Wireless Services (“AWS”) and 700 MHz wireless licenses granted by the FCC that are specific to a particular geographic area on spectrum that has been allocated by the FCC for such services. Wireless licenses are recorded at cost when acquired and are not amortized. Although FCC licenses are issued with a stated term (ten years in the case of PCS and 700 MHz licenses and fifteen years in the case of AWS licenses), wireless licenses are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets because the Company expects to provide wireless service using the relevant licenses for the foreseeable future. PCS, AWS and 700 MHz licenses are routinely renewed for either no or a nominal fee and management has determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors currently exist that limit the useful lives of the Company’s wireless licenses. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of its indefinite-lived wireless licenses to determine whether events and circumstances, such as legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors, continue to support an indefinite useful life. If a wireless license is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, the Company would first test the wireless license for

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

impairment and the wireless license would then be amortized prospectively over its estimated remaining useful life. In addition, on a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the triggering event criteria outlined in the authoritative guidance for intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. The Company also tests its wireless licenses for impairment on an annual basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance for intangible assets. The Company’s annual impairment test is conducted each year during the third quarter. Refer to “Note 6. Wireless Licenses and Goodwill” for further discussion regarding the Company’s impairment evaluation of wireless licenses.

Goodwill

The Company records the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination as goodwill. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, goodwill of $31.9 million primarily represented the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired (net of liabilities assumed, including the related deferred tax effects) by STX Wireless in connection with the formation of the joint venture. Refer to “Note 7. Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions” for further discussion of the Company’s purchase price allocation and determination of goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as well as when an event or change in circumstance indicates an impairment may have occurred. The Company’s annual impairment test is conducted each year during the third quarter. In addition, on a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the triggering event criteria outlined in the authoritative guidance for intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. Refer to “Note 6. Wireless Licenses and Goodwill” for further discussion regarding the Company’s goodwill impairment evaluation.

Investments in Other Entities

The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in common stock of corporations in which it has a voting interest of between 20% and 50% or in which the Company otherwise has the ability to exercise significant influence, and for investments in limited liability companies that maintain specific ownership accounts in which it has more than a minor but not greater than a 50% ownership interest. Under the equity method, the investment is originally recorded at cost and is adjusted to recognize the Company’s share of net earnings or losses of the investee. The Company’s ownership interest in equity method investees ranges from approximately 6% to 20% of outstanding membership units. The carrying value of the Company’s investments in its equity method investees was $10.6 million and $11.0 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s share of earnings in its equity method investees (net of its share of their losses) was $(0.5) million, $3.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

On June 30, 2011, one of the Company’s equity method investees declared a cash dividend and paid the dividend with funds borrowed under a third-party line of credit. The Company’s share of the dividend based on its ownership percentage was $18.2 million and was received in full on July 1, 2011. In the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company presented the portion of the dividend equal to its share of accumulated profits (approximately $6.6 million) as cash from operating activities and the remainder (approximately $11.6 million) as cash from investing activities, as it represented a return of the Company’s original investment.

The Company regularly monitors and evaluates the realizable value of its investments. When assessing an investment for an other-than-temporary decline in value, the Company considers such factors as, among other things, the performance of the investee in relation to its business plan, the investee’s revenue and cost trends, liquidity and cash position, market acceptance of the investee’s products or services, any significant news that has been released regarding the investee and the outlook for the overall industry in which the investee operates. If events and circumstances indicate that a decline in the value of these assets has occurred and is other-than-temporary, the Company records a reduction to the carrying value of its investment and a corresponding charge to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Concentrations

The Company generally relies on one key vendor for billing and Muve Music royalty services, a limited number of vendors for device logistics, a limited number of vendors for its voice and data communications transport services and a limited number of vendors for payment processing services. Loss or disruption of these services could materially adversely affect the Company’s business.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The networks the Company operates do not, by themselves, provide national coverage and it must pay fees to other carriers who provide roaming or wholesale services to the Company. The Company currently relies on roaming agreements with several carriers for the majority of its voice services and generally on one key carrier for its data roaming services. The Company has also entered into a wholesale agreement, which the Company uses to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of its current network footprint. If the Company were unable to obtain or maintain cost-effective roaming or wholesale services for its customers in geographically desirable service areas, the Company’s competitive position, business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Operating Leases

Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease term and those renewal periods that are reasonably assured as determined at lease inception. The difference between rent expense and rent paid is recorded as deferred rent and is included in other current or long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Rent expense totaled $256.3 million, $260.6 million and $252.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company recognizes an asset retirement obligation and an associated asset retirement cost when it has a legal obligation in connection with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets. These obligations arise from certain of the Company’s leases and relate primarily to the cost of removing its equipment from such lease sites and restoring the sites to their original condition. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is initially recorded at its present value and is accreted to its then present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Accretion expense is recorded in cost of service in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Upon settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to retire the asset and the liability recorded is recognized in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The following table summarizes the Company’s asset retirement obligations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2012     2011  

Asset retirement obligations, beginning of year

   $ 32,919      $ 31,663   

Liabilities incurred

     815        193   

Liabilities assumed by STX Wireless in connection with the formation of the joint venture

     —          (828

Accretion expense

     3,208        3,061   

Decommissioned sites

     (712     (1,170
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Asset retirement obligations, end of year

   $ 36,230      $ 32,919   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized and recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the expected term of the related debt. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to extinguished debt are expensed at the time the debt is extinguished and recorded in loss on extinguishment of debt in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Unamortized debt issuance costs are recorded in other assets or as a reduction of the respective debt balance, as applicable, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs totaled $131.2 million, $115.8 million and $137.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Share-based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based awards exchanged for employee services in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based payments. Under the guidance, share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the employee’s requisite service period. Compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award, which is generally the vesting period of the award. No share-based compensation was capitalized as part of inventory or fixed assets prior to or during 2012.

Income Taxes

The Company calculates income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves calculating the current tax expense or benefit and any deferred income tax expense or benefit resulting from temporary differences arising from differing treatments of items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also established for the expected future tax benefits to be derived from net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and income tax credits.

The Company periodically assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recoverable from future taxable income. To the extent the Company believes it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will not be recovered, it must establish a valuation allowance. As part of this periodic assessment for the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company weighed the positive and negative factors and, at this time, does not believe there is sufficient positive evidence to support a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of its deferred tax assets will be realized, except with respect to the realization of a $1.9 million Texas Margins Tax (“TMT”) credit. Accordingly, at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of its deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative factors to assess whether it is required to continue to maintain a valuation allowance. At such time as the Company determines that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced or released in its entirety, with the corresponding benefit reflected in the Company’s tax provision. Deferred tax liabilities associated with wireless licenses and investments in certain joint ventures cannot be considered a source of taxable income to support the realization of deferred tax assets because these deferred tax liabilities will not reverse until some indefinite future period when these assets are either sold or impaired for book purposes.

The Company has substantial federal and state NOLs for income tax purposes. Subject to certain requirements, the Company may “carry forward” its federal NOLs for up to 20 years to offset future taxable income and reduce its income tax liability. For state income tax purposes, the NOL carryforward period ranges from five to 20 years. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had federal and state NOLs of approximately $2.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, which begin to expire in 2022 for federal income tax purposes and of which $69.8 million will expire at the end of 2013 for state income tax purposes. While these NOL carryforwards have a potential to be used to offset future ordinary taxable income and reduce future cash tax liabilities by approximately $1.0 billion, the Company’s ability to utilize these NOLs will depend upon the availability of future taxable income during the carryforward period and, as such, there is no assurance the Company will be able to realize such tax savings.

The Company’s ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited if it were to experience an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. In general terms, an ownership change can occur whenever there is a collective shift in the ownership of a company by more than 50 percentage points by one or more “5% stockholders” within a three-year period. The occurrence of such a change generally limits the amount of NOL carryforwards a company could utilize in a given year to the aggregate fair market value of the company’s common stock immediately prior to the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change.

The determination of whether an ownership change has occurred for purposes of Section 382 is complex and requires significant judgment. The occurrence of such an ownership change would accelerate cash tax payments the Company would be required to make and likely result in a substantial portion of its NOLs expiring before the Company could fully utilize them. As a result, any restriction on the Company’s ability to utilize these NOL carryforwards could have a material adverse impact on its business, financial condition and future cash flows.

On August 30, 2011, the Company’s board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and thus help preserve the Company’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from the Company’s board of directors.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

None of the Company’s NOL carryforwards are being considered as an uncertain tax position or disclosed as an unrecognized tax benefit. Any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of a Section 382 limitation will be removed from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction to valuation allowance. Since the Company currently maintains a full valuation allowance against its federal and state NOL carryforwards, it is not expected that any possible limitation would have a current impact on its results of operations.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations, which became effective for the Company on January 1, 2009, any reduction in the valuation allowance, including the valuation allowance established in fresh-start reporting, will be accounted for as a reduction of income tax expense.

The Company’s unrecognized income tax benefits and uncertain tax positions, as well as any associated interest and penalties, are recorded through income tax expense; however, such amounts have not been significant in any period. All of the Company’s tax years from 1998 to 2011 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. In July 2009, the federal examination of the Company’s 2005 tax year, which was limited in scope, was concluded and the results did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and the weighted-average number of dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method and the if-converted method, where applicable. Dilutive common share equivalents are comprised of stock options, restricted stock awards, employee stock purchase rights and convertible senior notes. Since the Company incurred losses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, 8.4 million, 7.8 million and 9.4 million common share equivalents were excluded in the computation of diluted loss per share for those periods, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02, “Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” (“ASU 2012-02”). ASU 2012-02 simplifies the requirements for testing for indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill and permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative fair value test. This new guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2013 and will be applied prospectively. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company or its consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Non-Financial Assets

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value for accounting purposes, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The guidance defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and require less judgment in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets and liabilities that are rarely traded or not quoted have less pricing observability and are generally measured at fair value using valuation models that require more judgment. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency of the asset, liability or market and the nature of the asset or liability.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The Company has categorized its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are generally categorized as Level 1; assets and liabilities measured at fair value using observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data for similar assets or liabilities are generally categorized as Level 2; and assets and liabilities measured at fair value using unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by market data are generally categorized as Level 3. Assets and liabilities presented at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are generally categorized as follows:

 

  Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company did not have any Level 1 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011.

 

  Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Company’s Level 2 assets as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 included its cash equivalents, its short-term investments in obligations of the U.S. government and government agencies and its short-term investments in commercial paper.

 

  Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Such assets and liabilities may have values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, and include instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. The Company did not have any Level 3 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2012 or December 31, 2011, other than the non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis discussed below.

The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s assets and liabilities that were recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands). As required by the guidance for fair value measurements, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Thus, assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 may be measured at fair value using inputs that are observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Management’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

 

     At Fair Value as of December 31, 2012  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets:

     

Money market funds

   $ —         $ 126,617       $ —         $ 126,617   

Commercial paper

     —           82,346         —           82,346   

U.S. government or government agency securities

     —           135,861         —           135,861   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ —         $ 344,824       $ —         $ 344,824   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     At Fair Value as of December 31, 2011  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets:

     

Money market funds

   $ —         $ 224,383       $ —         $ 224,383   

Commercial paper

     —           165,202         —           165,202   

U.S. government or government agency securities

     —           293,610         —           293,610   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ —         $ 683,195       $ —         $ 683,195   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Assets in the tables above are reported on the consolidated balance sheets as components of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, other current assets and other assets.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Unrealized gains (losses) are presented in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains (losses) are presented in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, all of the Company’s short-term investments were debt securities with contractual maturities of less than one year and were classified as available-for-sale. The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents, short-term investments in obligations of the U.S. government and government agencies and its short-term investments in commercial paper is determined using observable market-based inputs for similar assets, which primarily include yield curves and time-to-maturity factors. Such investments are therefore considered to be Level 2 items.

Available-for-sale securities were comprised as follows as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Cost      Fair Value  

Money market funds

   $ 126,617       $ 126,617   

Commercial paper

     82,345         82,346   

U.S. government or government agency securities

     135,848         135,861   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 344,810       $ 344,824   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2011  
     Cost      Fair Value  

Money market funds

   $ 224,383       $ 224,383   

Commercial paper

     165,201         165,202   

U.S. government or government agency securities

     293,626         293,610   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 683,210       $ 683,195   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-Term Debt

The Company reports its long-term debt obligations at amortized cost; however, for disclosure purposes, the Company is required to measure the fair value of outstanding debt on a recurring basis. The fair value of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt is determined primarily by using quoted prices in active markets and was $3,421.5 million and $3,073.6 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company’s debt was considered to be a Level 1 item for disclosure purposes.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

As of December 31, 2012, non-financial assets with carrying value of $13.6 million accumulated in construction-in-progress had been reduced to a fair value of zero, resulting in an impairment charge of $13.6 million. There were no other non-financial assets that were measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. As of December 31, 2011, non-financial assets that were measured and recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis consisted of non-operating wireless licenses in the amount of $9.1 million, the carrying value of which had been reduced to fair value during the year ended December 31, 2011, resulting in an impairment charge of $0.4 million. As discussed in Note 6, the Company recorded charges for the impairment of certain non-operating wireless licenses as of result of its 2011 annual impairment test. The fair value of the wireless licenses was determined using Level 3 inputs and the valuation techniques discussed therein.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Note 5. Supplementary Financial Information

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information (in thousands):

 

     December 31, 
2012
    December 31, 
2011
 

Other current assets:

    

Accounts receivable, net of allowances for bad debt of $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively(1)

   $ 86,467      $ 86,736   

Prepaid expenses

     40,237        28,327   

Other

     12,538        19,394   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 139,242      $ 134,457   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net(2):

    

Network equipment

   $ 3,348,122      $ 3,246,027   

Computer hardware and software

     526,348        455,873   

Construction-in-progress

     54,945        99,705   

Other

     109,400        111,510   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     4,038,815        3,913,115   

Accumulated depreciation

     (2,276,725     (1,955,741
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 1,762,090      $ 1,957,374   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Intangible assets, net:

    

Customer relationships

   $ 50,435      $ 57,782   

Trademarks

     37,000        37,000   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     87,435        94,782   

Accumulated amortization of customer relationships

     (40,528     (33,704

Accumulated amortization of trademarks

     (22,244     (19,601
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 24,663      $ 41,477   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

    

Trade accounts payable

   $ 143,931      $ 306,881   

Accrued payroll and related benefits

     67,539        66,229   

Other accrued liabilities

     184,640        87,168   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 396,110      $ 460,278   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other current liabilities:

    

Deferred service revenue(3)

   $ 100,276      $ 113,768   

Deferred equipment revenue(4)

     36,471        43,793   

Accrued sales, telecommunications, property and other taxes payable

     4,267        22,380   

Accrued interest

     44,653        58,553   

Other

     31,213        25,246   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 216,880      $ 263,740   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Accounts receivable, net, consists primarily of (i) amounts billed to third-party dealers for devices and accessories, (ii) amounts due from the Company’s third-party logistics provider for devices sold from the Company to the supplier, (iii) amounts due from the federal government in connection with the Lifeline program, and (iv) amounts due from service providers related to interconnect and roaming agreements, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts.
(2) As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, approximately $45.8 million and $32.3 million of assets were held by the Company under capital lease arrangements, respectively. Accumulated amortization relating to these assets totaled $22.9 million and $18.5 million as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

(3) Deferred service revenue consists primarily of cash received from customers in advance of their service period.
(4) Deferred equipment revenue relates to devices sold to third-party dealers and nationwide retailers, which have not yet been purchased and activated by customers.

Supplementary Cash Flow Information (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Cash paid for interest

   $ (268,186   $ (229,034   $ (244,123

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ (4,043   $ (3,079   $ (2,810

Supplementary disclosure of non-cash investing activities:

  

Contribution of wireless licenses

   $ —        $ —        $ 2,381   

Consideration provided for the acquisition of Pocket’s business

   $ —        $ —        $ 99,894   

Net wireless licenses received in exchange transaction

   $ 106,877      $ 20,649      $ —     

Assets acquired through capital leases

   $ 13,829      $ 1,749      $ —     

Acquisition of property and equipment

   $ 43,220  (1)    $ 117,042  (1)    $ 44,145  (2) 

Supplementary disclosure of non-cash financing activities:

    

Note issued as consideration for purchase of remaining interest in Denali Spectrum, LLC

   $ —        $ —        $ 45,500   

 

  (1) As restated
  (2) As revised

Note 6. Wireless Licenses and Goodwill

Wireless Licenses

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the carrying values of the Company’s wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion , respectively. Wireless licenses to be disposed of by sale are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, wireless licenses with carrying values of $136.2 million and $204.3 million, respectively, were classified as assets held for sale. These related transactions are more fully described in “Note 7. Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions”.

For purposes of testing impairment, the Company’s wireless licenses in its operating markets are combined into a single unit of account because management believes that utilizing these wireless licenses as a group represents the highest and best use of the assets, and the value of the wireless licenses would not be significantly impacted by a sale of one or a portion of the wireless licenses, among other factors. The Company’s non-operating licenses are tested for impairment on an individual basis because these licenses are not functioning as part of a group with licenses in the Company’s operating markets. As of December 31, 2012, the carrying values of the Company’s operating and non-operating wireless licenses were $1,904.7 million and $42.6 million, respectively.

An impairment loss would be recognized on the Company’s operating wireless licenses when the aggregate fair value of the wireless licenses is less than their aggregate carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the licenses’ aggregate carrying value exceeds their aggregate fair value. An impairment loss would be recognized on the Company’s non-operating wireless licenses when the fair value of a wireless license is less than its carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the license’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Any required impairment loss would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the relevant wireless licenses and charged to results of operations. As more fully described below, the fair value of the Company’s wireless licenses was determined using Level 3 inputs in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements.

The valuation method the Company uses to determine the fair value of its wireless licenses is the market approach. Under this method, the Company determines fair value by reviewing sales prices of other wireless licenses of similar size and type that have been recently sold through government auctions and private transactions. As part of this market-level analysis, the fair

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

value of each wireless license is also evaluated and adjusted for developments or changes in legal, regulatory and technical matters, and for demographic and economic factors, such as population size, unemployment rates, composition, growth rate and density, household and disposable income, and composition and concentration of the market’s workforce in industry sectors identified as wireless-centric (for example, real estate, transportation, professional services, agribusiness, finance and insurance).

In connection with the Company’s 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of the Company’s operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $2,415.0 million and $1,745.7 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. No impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2012 or 2011 with respect to the Company’s operating wireless licenses as the aggregate fair value of these licenses exceeded their aggregate carrying value as of such dates. If the fair value of the Company’s operating wireless licenses had declined by 10%, the Company would not have recognized any impairment loss.

In connection with the Company’s 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of the Company’s non-operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $77.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. The Company did not record any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2012 to reduce the carrying value of any non-operating wireless license to its estimated fair value. If the fair value of the Company’s non-operating wireless licenses had each declined by 10%, the Company would have recognized an impairment loss of approximately $0.1 million. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to reduce the carrying value of certain non-operating wireless licenses to their estimated fair values.

The Company evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances occurred subsequent to the 2012 annual impairment test of its wireless licenses that indicate that an impairment condition may exist. This evaluation included consideration of whether there had been any significant adverse change in legal factors or in the Company’s business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, loss of key personal or likely sale or disposal of all or a significant portion of an asset group. Based upon this evaluation, the Company concluded that no triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred.

Goodwill

The Company records the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination as goodwill. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, goodwill of $31.9 million, primarily represented the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the assets acquired (net of liabilities assumed, including the related deferred tax effects) by STX Wireless from Pocket in connection with the formation of the joint venture.

On January 3, 2011, the Company acquired a customer assistance call center from various entities doing business as Pocket Communications (“Pocket”) for $850,000. The Company accounted for this transaction as a business purchase combination in accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations. A portion of the purchase price was assigned to property and equipment and the remaining amount was allocated to goodwill.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011  

Beginning balance, January 1

   $ 31,886       $ 31,094   

Goodwill acquired

     —           560   

Goodwill resulting from final Pocket purchase price adjustments

     —           232   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance, December 31

   $ 31,886       $ 31,886   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the third quarter of each year, the Company assesses its goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level by applying a fair value test. This fair value test involves a two-step process. The first step is to compare the carrying value of the Company’s net assets to its fair value. If the fair value is determined to be less than carrying value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Significant judgments are required in connection with the Company’s annual impairment test in order to estimate its fair value. The Company has generally based its determination of fair value primarily upon its average market capitalization for the month of August plus a control premium. Average market capitalization is calculated based upon the average number of shares of Leap common stock outstanding during such month and the average closing price of Leap common stock during such month. The Company considered the month of August to be an appropriate period over which to measure average market capitalization in 2012 because trading prices during that period reflected market reaction to the Company’s most recently announced financial and operating results, announced early in the month of August.

In conducting the annual impairment test during the third quarter of 2012, the Company applied a control premium of 30% to its average market capitalization. The Company believes that consideration of a control premium is customary in determining fair value and is contemplated by the applicable accounting guidance. The Company believes that its consideration of a control premium was appropriate because it believes that its market capitalization does not fully capture the fair value of its business as a whole or the additional amount an assumed purchaser would pay to obtain a controlling interest in the Company. The Company determined the amount of the control premium as part of its third quarter 2012 testing based upon relevant transactional experience and an assessment of market, economic and other factors. Depending on the circumstances, the actual amount of any control premium realized in any transaction involving the Company could be higher or lower than the control premium the Company applied.

The carrying value of the Company’s goodwill was $31.9 million as of August 31, 2012. Based upon its annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2012, the book value of the Company’s net assets as of August 31, 2012 was $527.5 million and the fair value of the Company, based upon its average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $573.5 million. As such, the Company determined that no impairment condition existed and was not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred subsequent to the annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter of 2012. As part of this evaluation, the Company considered whether there were any events or circumstances that would indicate it was more likely than not that the carrying value of the Company exceeded its fair value. Based on this evaluation, the Company determined that the $106.4 million gain resulting from the spectrum swap with T-Mobile, which closed on October 1, 2012, constituted a triggering event due to the significant increase in the Company’s carrying value that resulted from the transaction. See “Note 7. Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions” for additional information on the spectrum swap. As such, the Company was required to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. In conducting the interim impairment test, the Company determined its fair value by using the average market capitalization during the month of October, which was selected because that was the month in which the spectrum swap transaction closed. Consistent with the Company’s annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter, the Company continued to apply a control premium of 30% to its average market capitalization. The carrying value of the Company’s goodwill was $31.9 million as of October 31, 2012. The value of the Company’s net assets as of October 31, 2012 was $528.0 million and the fair value of the Company, based upon the average market capitalization during the month of October and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $621.2 million. As such, the Company determined that no impairment condition existed on an interim basis and the Company was not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

The closing price of Leap common stock was $6.65 on December 31, 2012 and Leap’s market capitalization was above the Company’s book value as of such date. Since that time, the closing price of Leap common stock has ranged from a high of $7.05 per share to a low of $5.51 per share. If the price of Leap common stock continues to trade at or near current levels or certain triggering events were to occur, the Company may be required to perform the second step of its goodwill impairment test on an interim basis to determine the fair value of its net assets, which may require the Company to recognize a non-cash impairment charge for some or all of the $31.9 million carrying value of its goodwill.

Based upon the Company’s annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2011, it was determined that no impairment condition existed because the book value of the Company’s net assets as of August 31, 2011 was $676.1 million and the fair value of the Company, based upon its average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $848.4 million.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Note 7. Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions

Other Transactions

On November 26, 2012, the Company entered into an intra-market license exchange agreement with a subsidiary of T-Mobile USA, Inc., (“T-Mobile”) and Cellco Partnership dba Verizon Wireless (“Verizon Wireless”) involving various markets in Philadelphia, Wilmington and Atlantic City. Completion of the license exchange is subject to customary closing conditions, including the consent of the FCC. The wireless licenses to be transferred under the license exchange agreements have been classified in assets held for sale at their carrying value of $136.2 million in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012.

On October 1, 2012, the Company assigned to various entities affiliated with T-Mobile spectrum in various markets in Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota and Wisconsin in exchange for 10 MHz of additional AWS spectrum in Phoenix, Houston and two other Texas markets. The transactions also included intra-market exchanges between the Company and T-Mobile in Philadelphia, Wilmington, Atlantic City and various markets in Texas and New Mexico. The Company recognized a non-cash gain on the transaction of approximately $106.4 million related to the excess of the fair value over carrying value of the spectrum exchanged by the Company in this transaction.

On August 28, 2012, the Company acquired 12 MHz of 700 MHz A block spectrum in Chicago from Verizon Wireless for $204 million and the Company and Savary Island sold to Verizon Wireless excess PCS and AWS spectrum in various markets across the U.S. for $360 million. The Company recognized a net gain of $130.4 million in connection with these transactions.

On November 30, 2011, the Company assigned 10 MHz of unused wireless spectrum in Indianapolis, IN, Minneapolis, MN and Syracuse, NY to various entities affiliated with T-Mobile as part of a license exchange transaction. In exchange, the Company received 10 MHz of additional wireless spectrum in seven existing Cricket markets in Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma and New Mexico. In connection with the closing of this transaction, the Company recognized a non-cash gain of approximately $20.5 million.

On June 30, 2011, one of the Company’s equity method investees declared a cash dividend and paid the dividend with funds borrowed under a third-party line of credit. The Company’s share of the dividend based on its ownership percentage was $18.2 million and was received in full on July 1, 2011. In the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company presented the portion of the dividend equal to its share of accumulated profits (approximately $6.6 million) as cash from operating activities and the remainder (approximately $11.6 million) as cash from investing activities, as it represented a return of the Company’s original investment.

On February 11, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with Global Tower, LLC (“GTP”) to sell certain of the Company’s telecommunications tower assets in one or more closings. During the second and third quarters of 2011, the Company sold those telecommunications towers and related assets for approximately $25.8 million in cash. The transaction was structured as a sale lease-back financing, in which the Company entered into a 10-year lease agreement with GTP to continue the Company’s commercial use of the towers. Accordingly, the Company recorded a capital lease obligation of $25.8 million, which was equal to the proceeds received from GTP.

STX Wireless Joint Venture

Cricket service is offered in South Texas by the Company’s joint venture STX Operations, which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless. The joint venture was created in October 2010 through the contribution by the Company and Pocket of substantially all of their respective wireless spectrum and operating assets in the South Texas region. In exchange for such contributions, Cricket received a 75.75% controlling membership interest in STX Wireless and Pocket received a 24.25% non-controlling membership interest. Additionally, in connection with the transaction, the Company made payments to Pocket of approximately $40.7 million in cash.

The Company accounted for the acquisition of Pocket’s business as a business purchase combination in accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations, with the Company as the acquirer. The consideration provided to Pocket in exchange for Pocket’s business, was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed by STX Wireless based on their fair values as of October 1, 2010. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Pocket’s 24.25% non-controlling membership interest in STX Wireless was recorded in mezzanine equity as a component of redeemable non-controlling interests. The non-controlling interest was initially recognized as part of the purchase accounting in the amount of $51.5 million. The $51.5 million amount comprised the sum of Pocket’s proportionate share (24.25%) of the fair value in the business contributed to the joint venture by Pocket plus its proportionate share (24.25%) of the net equity of the business contributed by Cricket.

Cricket controls and manages the joint venture under the terms of the amended and restated limited liability company agreement (the “STX LLC Agreement”). Under the STX LLC Agreement, Pocket has the right to put, and the Company has the right to call, all of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless, which rights are generally exercisable on or after April 1, 2014. In addition, in the event of a change of control of Leap, Pocket is obligated to sell to the Company all of its membership interests in STX Wireless. The purchase price for Pocket’s membership interests would be equal to 24.25% of the product of Leap’s enterprise value-to-revenue multiple for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters multiplied by the total revenues of STX Wireless and its subsidiaries over that same period, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. In the event optional cash distributions are made to the members of STX Wireless pursuant to the STX LLC Agreement, the purchase price is reduced by the total amount of such distributions made to Pocket plus an amount equal to an 8.0% per annum return on each such distribution from the date it was made. The purchase price is payable in either cash, Leap common stock or a combination thereof, as determined by Cricket in its discretion (provided that, if permitted by Cricket’s debt instruments, at least $25 million of the purchase price must be paid in cash). The Company has the right to deduct from or set off against the purchase price certain distributions made to Pocket, as well as any obligations owed to the Company by Pocket. Under the STX LLC Agreement, Cricket is permitted to purchase Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless over multiple closings in the event that the block of shares of Leap common stock issuable to Pocket at the closing of the purchase would be greater than 9.9% of the total number of shares of Leap common stock then issued and outstanding.

To the extent the redemption price for Pocket’s non-controlling membership interest varies from the value of Pocket’s net interest in STX Wireless at any period (after the attribution of profits or losses), the value of such interest is accreted to the redemption price for such interest with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded a net accretion benefit of approximately $0.7 million and $8.9 million, respectively, to bring the carrying value of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless to its estimated redemption value.

In accordance with the STX LLC Agreement, STX Wireless made pro-rata tax distributions of $9.1 million and $3.0 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively, in connection with their estimated tax liabilities resulting from STX Wireless’ earnings for the year ended December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2011, STX Wireless made similar pro-rata tax distributions of $5.7 million and $1.7 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively. The Company recorded these tax distributions to Pocket as an adjustment to additional paid-in-capital in the consolidated balance sheets and as a component of accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests and distributions, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The distributions made to Cricket were eliminated in consolidation.

On July 12, 2012, STX Wireless made an optional pro-rata cash distribution of $50.7 million and $16.2 million to Cricket and Pocket, respectively. Under the STX LLC Agreement, this optional distribution to Pocket (plus an annual return, as discussed above), is deducted from the purchase price payable to Pocket in the event of a put, call or mandatory buyout following a change of control of Leap.

At the closing of the formation of the joint venture, STX Wireless entered into a loan and security agreement with Pocket pursuant to which, commencing in April 2012, STX Wireless agreed to make quarterly limited-recourse loans to Pocket out of excess cash in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30 million, which loans are secured by Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless. As of December 31, 2012, Pocket had approximately $8.3 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the loan and security agreement. Borrowings under the loan and security agreement bear interest at 8.0% per annum, compounded annually, and will mature on the earlier of October 2020 and the date on which Pocket ceases to hold any membership interests in STX Wireless. Cricket has the right to set off all outstanding principal and interest under this loan and security agreement against the payment of the purchase price for Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless in the event of a put, call or mandatory buyout following a change of control of Leap. Accordingly, outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under the loan and security agreement have been recorded as a deduction from the purchase price payable to Pocket as discussed above in the consolidated balance sheets and as a component of accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests and distributions, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The offset of the outstanding borrowings and accrued interest against the purchase price for Pocket’s membership interest, coupled with the accretion benefit recorded to adjust the redemption value of Pocket’s net interest in STX Wireless, brought the carrying value of Pocket’s membership interests in STX Wireless to an estimated redemption value of $64.5 million and $90.7 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

In a separate transaction, on January 3, 2011, the Company acquired Pocket’s customer assistance call center for $850,000. The Company accounted for this transaction as a business purchase combination in accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations. A portion of the purchase price was assigned to property and equipment and the remaining amount was allocated to goodwill.

During 2011, the Company completed the integration of Cricket and Pocket operating assets in the South Texas region to enable the combined network and retail operations of the STX Wireless joint venture to operate more efficiently. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company incurred approximately $26.4 million of such integration costs, which were recorded in impairments and other charges within the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Savary Island Venture

Cricket formerly owned an 85% non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island, which held wireless spectrum in the upper Midwest portion of the U.S. and which leased a portion of that spectrum to us. The remaining 15% controlling interest was held by Ring Island Wireless, LLC (“Ring Island”). In May 2012, Ring Island exercised its right to put its entire controlling membership interest in Savary Island to Cricket, and in October 2012, Cricket acquired Ring Island’s 15% controlling interest for approximately $5.3 million in cash. In December 2012, Savary Island and its subsidiaries were merged with and into Cricket, with Cricket as the surviving entity.

Cricket, Savary Island and Savary Island’s wholly-owned subsidiaries were party to an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2010 (the “Savary Island Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which Savary Island had assumed approximately $211.6 million of the outstanding loans owed to Cricket by a subsidiary of Denali Spectrum, LLC (“Denali”) in connection with the contribution of certain wireless spectrum by a subsidiary of Denali to Savary Island. Under the Savary Island Credit Agreement, Cricket had also agreed to loan Savary Island up to $5.0 million to fund its working capital needs. Immediately prior to Cricket’s acquisition of Ring Island’s controlling membership interest in Savary Island, the outstanding borrowings under the Savary Island Credit Agreement (including accrued interest), after giving effect to various repayments and debt cancellations made in connection with the closing of spectrum transactions involving Savary Island, totaled approximately $12.5 million. In connection with Cricket’s acquisition of Ring Island’s controlling membership interest, all remaining indebtedness under the Savary Island Credit Agreement was converted into equity in Savary Island and the Savary Island Credit Agreement and all related loan and security documents were terminated.

Note 8. Arrangements with Variable Interest Entities and Joint Ventures

As described in Note 3, the Company consolidates its controlling membership interest in STX Wireless in accordance with the authoritative guidance for consolidations based on the voting interest model. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Prior to October 1, 2012, the Company consolidated its non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the consolidation of variable interest entities because Savary Island was a variable interest entity and, among other factors, the Company had entered into an agreement with Savary Island’s other member that established a specified purchase price in the event that it exercised its right to sell its membership interest to the Company. As described in Note 7, in October 2012, Cricket acquired the remaining 15% controlling membership interest in Savary Island that it did not previously own, and accordingly, Savary Island and its wholly owned subsidiaries became direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Cricket. Savary Island and its subsidiaries were merged with and into Cricket, with Cricket as the surviving entity, on December 28, 2012. As such, as of December 31, 2012, the Company did not consolidate any variable interest entities.

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

The aggregate carrying amount and classification of the assets and liabilities of Savary Island, excluding intercompany accounts and transactions, as of December 31, 2011 are presented in the table below (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2011
 

Assets

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 7,084   

Wireless licenses

     41,947   

Assets held for sale (1)

     85,190   
  

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 134,221   
  

 

 

 

Liabilities

  

Other current liabilities

   $ 5   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   $ 5   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Represents the carrying value of wireless licenses sold by Savary Island to Verizon Wireless on August 28, 2012 under the license sale transaction discussed in Note 7.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in value of the Company’s redeemable non-controlling interests (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Beginning balance, January 1

   $ 95,910      $ 104,788   

Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, before tax

     28        (7,844

Purchase of membership units of non-controlling interests

     (5,250     —     

Loans made to joint venture partner

     (8,255     —     

Optional distribution made to joint venture partner

     (16,243     —     

Other

     (1,673     (1,034
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance, December 31,

   $ 64,517      $ 95,910   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 9. Unrestricted Subsidiaries

In July 2011, the Company’s board of directors designated Cricket Music and Cricket Music’s wholly-owned subsidiary Muve USA, LLC (“Muve USA”) as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under the indentures governing Cricket’s senior notes. Cricket Music, Muve USA and their subsidiaries are also designated as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under the Credit Agreement. Muve USA holds certain hardware, software and intellectual property relating to Cricket’s Muve Music service. The financial position and results of operations of Cricket Music and Muve USA are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this report. Together with STX Wireless, Cricket Music and Muve USA and their subsidiaries are presented as “Non-Guarantors” within the Company’s condensed consolidating financial statements included in Note 16.

As required by the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket’s senior notes, the Company is presenting the aggregate carrying amount and classification of the components of the financial position as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and results of operations of Cricket Music and Muve USA for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 in the following tables separately (in thousands):

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

     December 31,
2012
    December 31,
2011
 

Assets

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1      $ 1   

Property and equipment, net

     4,937        9,435   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 4,938      $ 9,436   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  

Other current liabilities

   $ 5      $ —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

     4,933        9,436   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 4,938      $ 9,436   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Revenues

   $ —        $ —     

Operating expenses:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     4,497        2,225   

Other

     14        1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     4,511        2,226   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (4,511     (2,226
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (4,511   $ (2,226
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Note 10. Long-Term Debt, Net

Long-term debt, net as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2012
    December 31,
2011
 

Convertible senior notes due 2014

   $ 250,000      $ 250,000   

Unsecured senior notes due 2015

     —          300,000   

Non-negotiable promissory note due 2015

     —          21,911   

Senior secured notes due 2016

     1,100,000        1,100,000   

Unamortized discount on $1,100 million senior secured notes due 2016

     (23,767     (29,601

Term loans under Credit Agreement

     400,000        —     

Unamortized discount on term loans under Credit Agreement

     (3,892     —     

Unsecured senior notes due 2020

     1,600,000        1,600,000   

Unamortized discount on $1,600 million unsecured senior notes due 2020

     (19,878     (21,650
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     3,302,463        3,220,660   

Current maturities of long-term debt

     (4,000     (21,911
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 3,298,463      $ 3,198,749   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Credit Agreement

On October 10, 2012, Cricket entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with respect to a $400 million senior secured term loan facility, which was fully drawn at closing and matures in October 2019. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 3.50% (subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.25% per annum) or at the bank base rate plus 2.50% (subject to a base rate floor of 2.25% per annum), as selected by Cricket. At December 31, 2012, the weighted average effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 4.80%. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement must be repaid in 27 quarterly installments of $1.0 million each, commencing on March 31, 2013, followed by a final installment of $373.0 million at maturity. Net proceeds from the term loan facility were used to redeem all of Cricket’s $300 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 10.0% unsecured senior notes due 2015 and other general corporate purposes.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Leap and each of its existing and future wholly owned domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the borrower) that guarantees any indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor or that constitutes a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (subject to certain exceptions).

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are effectively senior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness (including Cricket’s $1,600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and, in the case of Leap, Leap’s $250 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes), as well as to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted junior lien debt that may be incurred in the future, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the obligations under the Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured on a first-priority basis, equally and ratably with Cricket’s 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 and any future parity lien debt, by liens on substantially all of the present and future personal property of Leap, Cricket and the guarantors, except for certain excluded assets and subject to permitted liens (including liens on the collateral securing any future permitted priority debt). Under the Credit Agreement, Leap, Cricket and the guarantors are permitted to incur liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money in an aggregate principal amount outstanding (including the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016) of up to the greater of $1,750 million and 3.5 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of Cricket Music Holdco, LLC (“Cricket Music”) (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cricket that holds certain hardware, software and intellectual property relating to Cricket’s Muve Music® service)) for the prior four fiscal quarters.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are effectively junior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted priority debt that may be incurred in the future (up to the lesser of 0.30 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters and $300 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding), to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such permitted priority debt, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, borrowings under the Credit Agreement are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

Cricket has the right to prepay borrowings under the Credit Agreement, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, except that prepayments in connection with a repricing transaction occurring on or prior to October 10, 2013 are subject to a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the principal amount of the borrowings so prepaid.

Under the Credit Agreement, Leap and its restricted subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations, including limitations on their ability to: incur additional debt or sell assets, make certain investments, grant liens and pay dividends and make certain other restricted payments. In addition, Cricket will be required to pay down the facility under certain circumstances if Leap and its restricted subsidiaries issue debt, sell assets or property, receive certain extraordinary receipts or generate excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

The Credit Agreement also provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control, which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board. If the indebtedness under the Credit Agreement was accelerated prior to maturity as a result of such change of control, this would give rise to an event of default under the indentures governing the Company’s secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible notes.

Senior Notes

Discharge of Indenture and Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

On October 10, 2012, in connection with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company issued a notice of redemption to redeem all of its 10.0% unsecured senior notes due 2015 in accordance with the optional redemption provisions governing the notes at a redemption price of 105% of the principal amount of outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. On November 9, 2012, the Company completed the redemption for a total cash payment of $324.5 million and the indenture governing the notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms.

As a result of this redemption, the Company recognized a $18.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2012, which was comprised of $15.0 million in redemption premium, $3.5 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.1 million in related professional fees.

Discharge of Non-Negotiable Promissory Note Due 2015

Cricket service was previously offered in greater Chicago and Southern Wisconsin by Denali Spectrum, LLC (“Denali”), an entity in which the Company previously owned an 82.5% non-controlling membership interest. In December 2010, Cricket purchased the remaining 17.5% controlling membership interest in Denali that it did not previously own. As part of the purchase price, Cricket issued a five-year $45.5 million non-negotiable promissory note in favor of the former holder of such controlling membership interest, which was scheduled to mature on December 27, 2015. Interest on the outstanding principal balance of the note varied from year to year at rates ranging from approximately 5.0% to 8.3% and compounded annually. Cricket’s obligations under the note were secured on a first-lien basis by certain assets of Savary Island. As of December 31, 2011, $21.9 million in principal amount of indebtedness was outstanding under the note. On August 28, 2012, in connection with the sale of certain spectrum by Savary Island to Verizon Wireless that was secured by the noteholder’s lien, Cricket repaid the balance of the non-negotiable promissory note in full and the non-negotiable promissory note was terminated and discharged.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

 

Convertible Senior Notes Due 2014

In June 2008, Leap issued $250 million of unsecured convertible senior notes due 2014 in a private placement to institutional buyers. The notes bear interest at the rate of 4.50% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in January 2009. The notes are Leap’s general unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Leap’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes. The notes are structurally subordinated to the existing and future claims of Leap’s subsidiaries’ creditors, including under the Credit Agreement and the secured and unsecured senior notes described below. The notes are effectively junior to all of Leap’s existing and future secured obligations, including those under the Credit Agreement and the senior secured notes due 2016, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such obligations.

Holders may convert their notes into shares of Leap common stock at any time on or prior to the third scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the notes, July 15, 2014. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock is less than or equal to approximately $93.21 per share, the notes will be convertible into 10.7290 shares of Leap common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (referred to as the “base conversion rate”), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock exceeds approximately $93.21 per share, the conversion rate will be determined pursuant to a formula based on the base conversion rate and an incremental share factor of 8.3150 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, subject to adjustment.

Leap may be required to repurchase all outstanding notes in cash at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the repurchase date if (1) any person acquires beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares of Leap’s capital stock that would entitle the person to exercise 50% or more of the total voting power of all of Leap’s capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, (2) Leap (i) merges or consolidates with or into any other person, another person merges with or into Leap, or Leap conveys, sells, transfers or leases all or substantially all of its assets to another person or (ii) engages in any recapitalization, reclassification or other transaction in which all or substantially all of Leap common stock is exchanged for or converted into cash, securities or other property, in each case subject to limitations and excluding in the case of (1) and (2) any merger or consolidation where at least 90% of the consideration consists of shares of common stock traded on NYSE, ASE or NASDAQ, (3) a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors ceases to consist of individuals who were directors on the date of original issuance of the notes or whose election or nomination for election was previously approved by the board of directors, (4) Leap is liquidated or dissolved or holders of common stock approve any plan or proposal for its liquidation or dissolution or (5) shares of Leap common stock are not listed for trading on any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market or the NASDAQ Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors). Leap may not redeem the notes at its option.

Senior Secured Notes Due 2016

In June 2009, Cricket issued $1,100 million of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 96.134% of the principal amount, which notes were exchanged in December 2009 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $42.5 million discount to the net proceeds the Company received in connection with the issuance of the notes has been recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. At December 31, 2012, the effective interest rate on the notes was 7.92%, which includes the effect of the discount accretion.

The notes bear interest at the rate of 7.75% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in November 2009. The notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by Leap and each of its existing and future domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the issuer of the notes) that guarantees any indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor. The notes and the guarantees are Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ senior secured obligations and are equal in right of payment with all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness.

The notes and the guarantees are effectively senior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness (including Cricket’s $1,600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes and, in the case of Leap, Leap’s $250 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes), as well as to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted junior lien debt that may be incurred in the future, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the notes and the guarantees.

The notes and the guarantees are secured on a first-priority basis, equally and ratably with the Credit Agreement and any future parity lien debt, by liens on substantially all of the present and future personal property of Leap, Cricket and the guarantors, except for certain excluded assets and subject to permitted liens (including liens on the collateral securing any future permitted priority debt). Under the senior secured notes indenture, Leap, Cricket and the guarantors are permitted to incur debt under existing and future secured credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount outstanding (including the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the notes and under the Credit Agreement) of up to the greater of $1,500 million and 2.5 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters.

 

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The notes and the guarantees are effectively junior to all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ obligations under any permitted priority debt that may be incurred in the future (up to the lesser of 0.30 times Leap’s consolidated cash flow (excluding the consolidated cash flow of STX Wireless and Cricket Music) for the prior four fiscal quarters and $300 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding), to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such permitted priority debt, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, the notes and the guarantees are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

The notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time, at a redemption price of 103.875% and 101.938% of the principal amount thereof if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on May 15, 2013 and 2014, respectively, or at 100% of the principal amount if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on May 15, 2015 or thereafter, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

If a “change of control” occurs (which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board), each holder of the notes may require Cricket to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the repurchase date.

Unsecured Senior Notes Due 2020

In November 2010, Cricket issued $1,200 million of 7.75% unsecured senior notes due 2020 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 98.323% of the principal amount, which were exchanged in January 2011 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $20.1 million discount to the net proceeds the Company received in connection with the issuance of the notes has been recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. In May 2011, Cricket issued an additional $400 million of 7.75% unsecured senior notes due 2020 in a private placement to institutional buyers at an issue price of 99.193% of the principal amount, which were exchanged in November 2011 for identical notes that had been registered with the SEC. The $3.2 million discount to the net proceeds the Company received in connection with the issuance of the additional notes was recorded in long-term debt, net in the consolidated financial statements and is being accreted as an increase to interest expense over the term of the notes. At December 31, 2012, the effective interest rates on the initial $1,200 million tranche and the additional $400 million tranche of the notes were 7.86% and 7.81%, respectively, both of which include the effect of the discount accretion.

The notes bear interest at the rate of 7.75% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments commenced in April 2011. The notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by Leap and each of its existing and future domestic subsidiaries (other than Cricket, which is the issuer of the notes) that guarantees indebtedness of Leap, Cricket or any subsidiary guarantor. The notes and the guarantees are Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness. The notes and the guarantees are effectively junior to Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ existing and future secured obligations, including those under the Credit Agreement and the senior secured notes due 2016, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such obligations, as well as to existing and future liabilities of Leap’s and Cricket’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors (including STX Wireless and Cricket Music and their respective subsidiaries). In addition, the notes and the guarantees are senior in right of payment to any of Leap’s, Cricket’s and the guarantors’ future subordinated indebtedness.

Prior to October 15, 2013, Cricket may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a redemption price of 107.750% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date, from the net cash proceeds of specified equity offerings. Prior to October 15, 2015, Cricket may redeem the notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus the applicable premium and any accrued and

 

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unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date. The applicable premium is calculated as the greater of (i) 1.0% of the principal amount of such notes and (ii) the excess of (a) the present value at such date of redemption of (1) the redemption price of such notes at October 15, 2015 plus (2) all remaining required interest payments due on such notes through October 15, 2015 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the date of redemption), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points, over (b) the principal amount of such notes. The notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time on or after October 15, 2015, at a redemption price of 103.875%, 102.583% and 101.292% of the principal amount thereof if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on October 15, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively, or at 100% of the principal amount if redeemed during the twelve months beginning on October 15, 2018 or thereafter, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the redemption date.

If a “change of control” occurs (which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap’s equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person’s voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap’s board of directors that is not approved by the board), each holder of the notes may require Cricket to repurchase all of such holder’s notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the repurchase date.

Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The aggregate maturities of the Company’s long-term debt obligations, excluding the effects of discount accretion on its $1,100 million of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016, its $1,600 million of 7.75% unsecured notes due 2020 and its $400 million secured term loan under the Credit Agreement are as follows (in thousands):

 

Years Ended December 31:

      

2013

   $ 4,000   

2014

     254,000   

2015

     4,000   

2016

     1,104,000   

2017

     4,000   

Thereafter

     1,980,000   
  

 

 

 
   $ 3,350,000   
  

 

 

 

The Company currently expects that it will be required to refinance all or substantially all of its $1,100 million of senior secured notes due 2016 before they mature. However, the Company cannot guarantee that it will be able to refinance all or any portion of its indebtedness prior to its maturity. If the Company is unable to repay or refinance its indebtedness as planned, it will likely be required to take additional actions to generate liquidity such as delaying or reducing capital expenditures, reducing operating expenses, selling assets or seeking additional equity capital. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient funds to enable it to repay or refinance any of its indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

 

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Note 11. Impairments and Other Charges

Impairments and other charges consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

Goodwill impairment (Note 6)

   $ —         $ —         $ 430,101   

Wireless license impairment (Note 6)

     —           377         766   

Property and equipment impairment (Note 3)

     13,640         —           46,460   

Severance and restructuring activities

     25,759         —           —     

Post-acquisition charges (Note 7)

     —           26,393         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impairments and other charges

   $ 39,399       $ 26,770       $ 477,327   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

In the third quarter of 2012, the Company developed a plan to reduce administrative and corporate support costs through a reduction in personnel. As a result, the Company recorded a liability of approximately $14.8 million representing severance expense and related costs to implement the plan.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company further developed its plan originally aimed at reducing administrative and corporate support costs to also include reductions in previously planned network expansion activities and capital expenditures. As a result, certain projects relating to network design, site acquisition and other internal corporate initiatives were canceled. The Company determined that the capitalized amounts relating to these canceled projects were no longer recoverable and as such, recorded an impairment charge of approximately $13.6 million during the fourth quarter, reducing the carrying value of these capitalized amounts to zero. Additionally, in connection with the reduction in network expansion activities, the Company recognized restructuring charges of approximately $11.0 million primarily related to lease exit costs associated with cellular sites that were no longer being developed or utilized.

The following table provides a rollforward of the impairments and other charges recorded as a component of accounts payable and accrued liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets:

 

     December 31,
2011
     Accruals      Payments     December 31,
2012
 

Post acquisition charges

   $ 22,046       $ —         $ (7,320   $ 14,726   

Severance

     —           14,753         (4,876     9,877   

Restructuring activities

     —           11,006         (613     10,393   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total impairments and other charges, to be settled in cash

   $ 22,046       $ 25,759       $ (12,809   $ 34,996   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Note 12. Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s income tax provision are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

Current provision:

        

Federal

     —         $ —         $ —     

State

     4,059         3,595         3,250   

Foreign

     —           466         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     4,059         4,061         3,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred provision:

        

Federal

     50,544         32,229         35,337   

State

     3,301         3,087         3,926   

Foreign

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     53,845         35,316         39,263   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 57,904       $ 39,377       $ 42,513   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

A reconciliation of the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes to the amounts recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Amounts computed at statutory federal rate

     (45,280   $ (97,405   $ (259,890

Non-deductible expenses

     477        376        505   

State income tax expense, net of federal income tax impact

     5,944        5,708        6,019   

Net tax expense (benefit) related to ventures

     (6,737     (2,856     18,352   

Non-deductible share-based compensation

     5,776        6,623        4,505   

Non-deductible goodwill impairment

     —          —          125,164   

Other

     —          (2,936     —     

Change in valuation allowance

     97,724        129,867        147,858   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 57,904      $ 39,377      $ 42,513   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (l