UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
[X] Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006
 
or
 
[ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from ________ to _______
 
 
 
Commission File Number 001-11339
 
Protective Life Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
95-2492236
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
2801 Highway 280 South
Birmingham, Alabama 35223
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
 
(205) 268-1000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 
____________________
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [ X ] No [    ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer ý     Accelerated Filer o     Non-accelerated filer o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [    ] No [ X ]
 
Number of shares of Common Stock, $0.50 par value, outstanding as of November 8, 2006: 69,934,412
 

 
PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For Quarter Ended September 30, 2006
 
INDEX
 
 
Page
Part I.
Financial Information:
 
     
Item 1.
Financial Statements (unaudited):
 
 
 
2
 
 
3
 
 
4
 
 
5
   
Item 2. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
 
and Results of Operations
17
   
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
46
   
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
46
   
Part II.
Other Information:
 
     
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
47
   
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
51
   
Item 6.
51
   
   
Signature 
52
   
   
 
1

 
PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 

   
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30
 
September 30
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
2006
 
2005
 
Revenues
                         
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
637,457
 
$
486,660
 
$
1,651,362
 
$
1,439,817
 
Reinsurance ceded
   
(371,688
)
 
(282,919
)
 
(960,127
)
 
(877,582
)
Net premiums and policy fees
   
265,769
   
203,741
   
691,235
   
562,235
 
Net investment income
   
410,746
   
306,885
   
1,010,545
   
877,212
 
Realized investment gains (losses):
                         
Derivative financial instruments
   
(55,302
)
 
7,662
   
(46,764
)
 
(24,727
)
All other investments
   
78,645
   
3,612
   
98,461
   
43,970
 
Other income
   
62,355
   
47,377
   
164,490
   
137,166
 
Total revenues
   
762,213
   
569,277
   
1,917,967
   
1,595,856
 
Benefits and expenses
                         
Benefits and settlement expenses, net of reinsurance ceded:
                         
(three months: 2006 - $299,119; 2005 - $231,557
                         
nine months: 2006 - $846,244; 2005 - $776,404)
   
488,948
   
333,365
   
1,174,493
   
925,435
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
   
67,199
   
57,950
   
151,383
   
184,068
 
Other operating expenses, net of reinsurance ceded:
                         
(three months: 2006 - $176,894; 2005 - $39,437
                         
nine months: 2006 - $271,888; 2005 - $130,800)
   
118,168
   
71,095
   
290,850
   
214,174
 
Total benefits and expenses
   
674,315
   
462,410
   
1,616,726
   
1,323,677
 
Income before income tax
   
87,898
   
106,867
   
301,241
   
272,179
 
Income tax expense
   
30,597
   
36,976
   
104,862
   
94,174
 
Net income
 
$
57,301
 
$
69,891
 
$
196,379
 
$
178,005
 
Net income per share - basic
 
$
0.81
 
$
0.99
 
$
2.77
 
$
2.52
 
Net income per share - diluted
 
$
0.80
 
$
0.98
 
$
2.75
 
$
2.50
 
Cash dividends paid per share
 
$
0.215
 
$
0.195
 
$
0.625
 
$
0.565
 
Average shares outstanding - basic
   
70,811,292
   
70,582,016
   
70,789,982
   
70,525,004
 
Average shares outstanding - diluted
   
71,355,221
   
71,350,044
   
71,431,304
   
71,301,335
 
 
 
2


PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)


   
September 30
 
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
Assets
         
Investments:
         
Fixed maturities, at market (amortized cost: 2006 - $20,937,809; 2005 - $15,172,482)
 
$
21,146,307
 
$
15,472,386
 
Equity securities, at market (cost: 2006 - $117,604; 2005 - $114,994)
   
124,495
   
121,012
 
Mortgage loans on real estate
   
3,650,356
   
3,287,745
 
Investment in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation (2006 - $9,231; 2005 - $14,684)
   
52,263
   
72,932
 
Policy loans
   
835,817
   
458,825
 
Other long-term investments
   
290,304
   
279,676
 
Short-term investments
   
1,377,210
   
776,139
 
Total investments
   
27,476,752
   
20,468,715
 
Cash
   
39,285
   
83,670
 
Accrued investment income
   
266,688
   
189,038
 
Accounts and premiums receivable, net of allowance for uncollectible amounts
(2006 - $3,876; 2005 - $3,296)
   
130,427
   
82,080
 
Reinsurance receivables
   
4,541,415
   
3,020,685
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
   
3,099,726
   
2,171,988
 
Goodwill
   
68,472
   
49,423
 
Property and equipment, net
   
44,569
   
47,010
 
Other assets
   
248,197
   
140,124
 
Income tax receivable
   
0
   
85,807
 
Assets related to separate accounts
             
Variable annuity
   
2,604,488
   
2,377,124
 
Variable universal life
   
285,954
   
251,329
 
   
$
38,805,973
 
$
28,966,993
 
Liabilities
             
Policy liabilities and accruals
 
$
15,667,970
 
$
11,895,145
 
Stable value product account balances
   
5,515,633
   
6,057,721
 
Annuity account balances
   
8,943,078
   
3,388,005
 
Other policyholders' funds
   
340,756
   
147,921
 
Other liabilities
   
1,123,252
   
968,403
 
Accrued income taxes
   
99,428
   
0
 
Deferred income taxes
   
271,894
   
317,317
 
Non-recourse funding obligations
   
250,000
   
125,000
 
Liabilities related to variable interest entities
   
435,756
   
448,093
 
Long-term debt
   
471,132
   
482,532
 
Subordinated debt securities
   
524,743
   
324,743
 
Liabilities related to separate accounts
             
Variable annuity
   
2,604,488
   
2,377,124
 
Variable universal life
   
285,954
   
251,329
 
     
36,534,084
   
26,783,333
 
Commitments and contingent liabilities - Note 2
             
Share-owners' equity
             
Preferred Stock, $1 par value, shares authorized: 4,000,000; Issued: None
             
Common Stock, $.50 par value, shares authorized: 2006 and 2005 -160,000,000
shares issued: 2006 and 2005 - 73,251,960
   
36,626
   
36,626
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
441,589
   
440,475
 
Treasury stock, at cost (2006 - 3,317,683 shares; 2005 - 3,557,911 shares)
   
(11,906
)
 
(12,765
)
Unallocated stock in Employee Stock Ownership Plan
(2006 - 369,854 shares; 2005 - 480,356 shares)
   
(1,231
)
 
(1,610
)
Retained earnings
   
1,768,416
   
1,615,714
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
             
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of income tax:
(2006 - $27,522; 2005 - $57,649)
   
51,541
   
104,489
 
Accumulated gain (loss) - hedging, net of income tax: (2006 - $(5,881); 2005 - $394)
   
(11,014
)
 
731
 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of income tax: (2006 - $(1,138); 2005 - $0)
   
(2,132
)
 
0
 
     
2,271,889
   
2,183,660
 
   
$
38,805,973
 
$
28,966,993
 
 
3


PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30
 
   
2006
 
2005
 
Cash flows from operating activities
         
Net income
 
$
196,379
 
$
178,005
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
             
Realized investment (gains) losses
   
(51,697
)
 
(19,243
)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
   
151,383
   
184,068
 
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
(270,310
)
 
(325,693
)
Depreciation expense
   
9,943
   
11,763
 
Deferred income tax
   
(32,152
)
 
38,421
 
Accrued income tax
   
155,127
   
(64,978
)
Interest credited to universal life and investment products
   
631,131
   
532,337
 
Policy fees assessed on universal life and investment products
   
(342,255
)
 
(308,330
)
Change in reinsurance receivables
   
(396,811
)
 
(112,414
)
Change in accrued investment income and other receivables
   
(11,320
)
 
(19,424
)
Change in policy liabilities and other policyholders' funds
of traditional life and health products
   
897,463
   
577,425
 
Trading securities:
             
Maturities and principal reductions of investments
   
104,558
   
0
 
Sale of investments
   
2,487,491
   
0
 
Cost of investments acquired
   
(2,181,807
)
 
0
 
Other net change in trading securities
   
(153,812
)
 
2,145
 
Change in other liabilities
   
84,737
   
15,653
 
Other, net
   
495
   
(17,190
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
1,278,543
   
672,545
 
Cash flows from investing activities
             
Investments available for sale:
             
Maturities and principal reductions of investments
             
Fixed maturities
   
876,495
   
1,314,338
 
Equity securities
   
0
   
283
 
Sale of investments
             
Fixed maturities
   
3,868,845
   
3,473,728
 
Equity securities
   
3,627
   
9,298
 
Cost of investments acquired
             
Fixed maturities
   
(4,314,116
)
 
(6,511,259
)
Equity securities
   
(3,343
)
 
(48,171
)
Mortgage loans:
             
New borrowings
   
(722,318
)
 
(447,717
)
Repayments
   
357,627
   
346,056
 
Change in investment real estate, net
   
42,258
   
3,249
 
Change in policy loans, net
   
3,616
   
19,266
 
Change in other long-term investments, net
   
11,787
   
12,036
 
Change in short-term investments, net
   
(293,606
)
 
437,993
 
Purchase of property and equipment
   
(4,682
)
 
(8,822
)
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $366,404
   
(567,180
)
 
0
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(740,990
)
 
(1,399,722
)
Cash flows from financing activities
             
Borrowings under line of credit arrangements and long-term debt
   
141,600
   
63,100
 
Principal payments on line of credit arrangement and long-term debt
   
(153,000
)
 
(42,725
)
Issuance of capital securities
   
200,000
   
0
 
Net proceeds from securities sold under repurchase agreements
   
0
   
142,850
 
Payments on liabilities related to variable interest entities
   
(12,337
)
 
(17,687
)
Issuance of non-recourse funding obligations
   
125,000
   
100,000
 
Dividends to share owners
   
(43,679
)
 
(39,345
)
Investment product deposits and change in universal life deposits
   
1,808,908
   
2,318,325
 
Investment product withdrawals
   
(2,574,251
)
 
(1,952,911
)
Excess tax benefits on stock based compensation
   
2,865
   
0
 
Other financing activities, net
   
(77,044
)
 
88,539
 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
(581,938
)
 
660,146
 
Change in cash
   
(44,385
)
 
(67,031
)
Cash at beginning of period
   
83,670
   
130,596
 
Cash at end of period
 
$
39,285
 
$
63,565
 
 
4


PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in tables are in thousands, except per share amounts)


1.  Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of Protective Life Corporation and its subsidiaries (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2006. The year-end consolidated condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.

Certain reclassifications have been made in the previously reported financial statements and accompanying notes to make the prior period amounts comparable to those of the current period. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or share-owners' equity.

2.     Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

The Company is contingently liable to obtain a $20 million letter of credit under indemnity agreements with its directors. Such agreements provide insurance protection in excess of the directors’ liability insurance in force at the time up to $20 million. Should certain events occur constituting a change in control of the Company, the Company must obtain the letter of credit upon which directors may draw for defense or settlement of any claim relating to performance of their duties as directors. The Company has similar agreements with certain of its officers providing up to $10 million in indemnification that are not secured by the obligation to obtain a letter of credit.

Under insurance guaranty fund laws, in most states insurance companies doing business therein can be assessed up to prescribed limits for policyholder losses incurred by insolvent companies. The Company does not believe such assessments will be materially different from amounts already provided for in the financial statements. Most of these laws provide that an assessment may be excused or deferred if it would threaten an insurer's own financial strength.

A number of civil jury verdicts have been returned against insurers and other providers of financial services involving sales practices, alleged agent misconduct, failure to properly supervise representatives, relationships with agents or persons with whom the insurer does business, and other matters. Increasingly these lawsuits have resulted in the award of substantial judgments that are disproportionate to the actual damages, including material amounts of punitive and non-economic compensatory damages. In some states, juries, judges, and arbitrators have substantial discretion in awarding punitive and non-economic compensatory damages which creates the potential for unpredictable material adverse judgments or awards in any given lawsuit or arbitration. Arbitration awards are subject to very limited appellate review. In addition, in some class action and other lawsuits, companies have made material settlement payments. The Company, like other financial services companies, in the ordinary course of business, is involved in such litigation and in arbitration. Although the outcome of any such litigation or arbitration cannot be predicted, the Company believes that at the present time there are no pending or threatened lawsuits that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or liquidity of the Company.

 

5


3. Recent Acquisitions

Chase Insurance Group Acquisition

As reported in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 10, 2006, on July 3, 2006, Protective Life Insurance Company (“Protective Life”), the Company’s largest operating subsidiary, completed the acquisition contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement previously reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 13, 2006. Pursuant to that agreement with JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMC”) and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Sellers”), Protective Life and its subsidiary West Coast Life Insurance Company purchased from the Sellers the Chase Insurance Group, which consists of five insurance companies that manufacture and administer traditional life insurance and annuity products and four related non-insurance companies (which collectively are referred to as the “Chase Insurance Group”) for a net purchase price of $860.4 million. The aggregate purchase price for the Chase Insurance Group was $825 million, subject to adjustments related to the preliminary adjusted book value and other adjustments based on account values and volume adjustments. The final purchase price is subject to post-closing adjustment payments from Sellers or Protective Life, as the case may be, to reflect the final adjusted book value of the Chase Insurance Group plus estimated transaction costs. The Chase Insurance Group is headquartered in Elgin, Illinois, and offers primarily level premium term and other traditional life products, as well as fixed and variable annuity products. The Chase Insurance Group’s results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning July 3, 2006.

This transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting prescribed by SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”). SFAS 141 requires that the total purchase price be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the acquisition date. We have reflected our initial allocation of the purchase price based on estimated fair value according to preliminary valuations. Such estimated values may change as additional information is obtained and the value is finalized. The preliminary allocation of the $860.4 million aggregate purchase price to the specific identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities is as follows:

 
Preliminary Fair Value(Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
     
Investments
$
 6,789,452
 
Policy loans
 
380,608
 
Cash
 
364,531
 
Accrued investment income
 
88,069
 
Accounts and premiums receivable, net
 
9,570
 
Reinsurance receivable
 
1,123,919
 
Value of business acquired and other intangible assets
 
713,014
 
Other assets
 
49,158
 
Assets related to separate accounts
 
110,073
 
Total assets
 
9,628,394
 
   
 
 
LIABILITIES
   
 
Policy liabilities and accruals
 
2,703,997
 
Annuity account balances
 
5,528,849
 
Other policyholders’ funds
 
257,912
 
Other liabilities
 
144,248
 
Accrued income taxes
 
22,925
 
Liabilities related to separate accounts
 
110,073
 
Total liabilities
 
8,768,004
 
       
NET ASSETS ACQUIRED
$
 860,390
 


The Chase Insurance Group acquisition was funded through the issuance of $200 million of capital securities (see Note 10) together with cash. The capital securities will mature and become due and payable, together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon, on June 30, 2066.

Immediately after the closing of the acquisition, the Company entered into agreements with Allmerica Financial Life Insurance and Annuity Company (“AFLIAC”) and Wilton Reassurance Company and Wilton Reinsurance Bermuda Limited (collectively, the “Wilton Re Group”), whereby AFLIAC reinsured 100% of the variable annuity business of the Chase Insurance Group and the Wilton Re Group reinsured approximately 42% of the other insurance business of the Chase Insurance Group. The aggregate ceding commissions received by the Company from these transactions was $319.8 million, which is approximately $231.7 million on an after tax basis.

 
6


Certain of the reinsurance agreements with AFLAIC and the Wilton Re Group are in the form of modified coinsurance (“Modco”) agreements. Company investments that support these agreements, consisting of fixed maturity and equity securities in designated portfolios, are designated as “trading securities” under GAAP. Investment results for these portfolios, including gains and losses from sales, are passed directly to the reinsurers through the contractual terms of the reinsurance arrangements. Trading securities are carried at fair value and changes in fair value are included in net income as realized investment gains (losses) as they occur. Offsetting these amounts are corresponding changes in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with the underlying reinsurance arrangements.

Western General Acquisition

On July 14, 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of the vehicle extended service contract business of Western General effective as of July 1, 2006. Western General, headquartered in Calabasas, California, is a provider of vehicle service contracts nationally, focusing primarily on the West Coast market. Western General currently provides extended service contract administration for several automobile manufacturers and provides used car service contracts for a publicly-traded national dealership group.

This transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting prescribed by SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”). Western General’s results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning July 1, 2006. The purchase price for Western General was $33.0 million, and is subject to contingent consideration based on future performance.

The fair value of Western General’s net assets acquired was $14.2 million. Goodwill of $18.8 million resulted from the excess of purchase price over the fair value of Western General’s net assets. This goodwill was allocated to the Company’s Asset Protection segment. The Company paid a premium over the fair value of Western General’s net assets for a number of potential strategic and financial benefits that are expected to be realized as a result of the acquisition including, but not limited to, the following:

·  
Expanded distribution network
·  
Increased geographic presence
·  
Broader product portfolio in our core product lines
·  
Additional administration capabilities
·  
Greater size and scale with improved earnings diversification


7


SFAS 141 requires that the total purchase price be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the acquisition date. We have reflected our initial allocation of the purchase price based on estimated fair value according to preliminary valuations. Such estimated values may change as additional information is obtained and the value is finalized. The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date:
 
 
Preliminary Fair Value (Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
     
Investments
 
$ 18,571
 
Cash
 
1,873
 
Accrued investment income
 
114
 
Accounts and premiums receivable, net
 
16,924
 
Value of business acquired and other intangible assets
 
12,650
 
Goodwill
 
18,813
 
Property and equipment
 
450
 
Other assets
 
9,990
 
Income tax receivable
 
41
 
Deferred income taxes
 
2,735
 
Total assets
 
82,161
 
       
LIABILITIES
     
Policy liabilities and accruals
 
39,596
 
Other liabilities
 
9,607
 
Total liabilities
 
49,203
 
   
 
 
NET ASSETS ACQUIRED
 
$ 32,958
 


Pro forma Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations

The following (unaudited) pro forma condensed consolidated results of operations assume that the acquisitons of both the Chase Insurance Group and Western General were completed as of January 1, 2006 and 2005:
     
 
Three Months Ended
September 30
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2006
2005
2006
2005
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue
$762,213
$696,377
$2,160,565
$1,975,558
         
Net Income
$57,301
$83,665
$215,560
$217,950
         
Net income per common share:
       
Basic
$0.81
$1.19
$3.05
$3.09
Diluted
$0.80
$1.17
$3.02
$3.06


The pro forma information above is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of that time, nor is it intended to be a projection of future results.

4. Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period ended September 30, 2006, are as follows:
 
Life
Marketing
Asset
Protection
Corporate
and Other
Total
Consolidated
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2005
$10,354
$38,986
$83
$49,423
Goodwill acquired in current period acquisitions
           0
  18,813
    0
  18,813
Contingent payment related to prior acquisition
           0
       236
    0
       236
Balance as of September 30, 2006
$10,354
$58,035
$83
$68,472
 
8


The $18.8 million increase in goodwill in the Asset Protection segment is related to the Western General acquisition discussed in Note 3. Goodwill also increased by $0.2 million in the Asset Protection segment due to a contingent payment related to the purchase of a small subsidiary in a prior year.

5. Operating Segments

The Company operates several business segments each having a strategic focus. An operating segment is generally distinguished by products and/or channels of distribution. A brief description of each segment follows:
 
·  
The Life Marketing segment markets level premium term and term-like insurance (collectively “traditional life”), universal life, variable universal life, and bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) products on a national basis primarily through networks of independent insurance agents and brokers, stockbrokers, and independent marketing organizations.

·  
The Acquisitions segment focuses on acquiring, converting, and servicing policies acquired from other companies. The segment's primary focus is on life insurance policies and annuity products sold to individuals.

·  
The Annuities segment manufactures, sells, and supports fixed and variable annuity products. These products are primarily sold through stockbrokers, but are also sold through financial institutions and independent agents and brokers.

·  
The Stable Value Products segment sells guaranteed funding agreements (“GFAs”) to special purpose entities that in turn issue notes or certificates in smaller, transferable denominations. The segment also markets fixed and floating rate funding agreements directly to the trustees of municipal bond proceeds, institutional investors, bank trust departments, and money market funds. Additionally, the segment markets guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) to 401(k) and other qualified retirement savings plans.

·  
The Asset Protection segment primarily markets extended service contracts and credit life and disability insurance to protect consumers’ investments in automobiles and watercraft. In addition, the segment markets an inventory protection product and a guaranteed asset protection (“GAP”) product.

The Company has an additional segment referred to as Corporate and Other. The Corporate and Other segment primarily consists of net investment income and expenses not attributable to the segments above (including net investment income on unallocated capital and interest on debt). This segment also includes earnings from several small non-strategic lines of business (primarily cancer insurance, residual value insurance, surety insurance, and group annuities), various investment-related transactions, and the operations of several small subsidiaries.

The Company uses the same accounting policies and procedures to measure segment operating income and assets as it uses to measure its consolidated net income and assets. Segment operating income is generally income before income tax excluding net realized investment gains and losses (net of the related amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and participating income from real estate ventures). Periodic settlements of derivatives associated with corporate debt and certain investments and annuity products are included in realized gains and losses but are considered part of operating income because the derivatives are used to mitigate risk in items affecting consolidated and segment operating income. Segment operating income represents the basis on which the performance of the Company’s business is internally assessed by management. Premiums and policy fees, other income, benefits and settlement expenses, amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of businesses acquired (“VOBA”) are attributed directly to each operating segment. Net investment income is allocated based on directly related assets required for transacting the business of that segment. Realized investment gains (losses) and other operating expenses are allocated to the segments in a manner that most appropriately reflects the operations of that segment. Investments and other assets are allocated based on statutory policy liabilities, while deferred policy acquisition costs, value of businesses acquired, and goodwill are shown in the segments to which they are attributable.

9


There are no significant intersegment transactions.

The following tables summarize financial information for the Company’s segments. Asset adjustments represent the inclusion of assets related to discontinued operations.
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30
     
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
   
2006
 
2005
     
2006
 
2005
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Revenues
                     
Life Marketing
 
$
233,808
 
$
186,950
     
$
649,290
 
$
494,695
 
Acquisitions
   
249,547
   
102,214
       
451,503
   
310,159
 
Annuities
   
68,342
   
64,431
       
199,616
   
223,999
 
Stable Value Products
   
85,255
   
80,418
       
245,694
   
233,078
 
Asset Protection
   
81,035
   
67,723
       
216,487
   
204,748
 
Corporate and Other
   
44,226
   
67,541
       
155,377
   
129,177
 
Total revenues
 
$
762,213
 
$
569,277
     
$
1,917,967
 
$
1,595,856
 
                               
Segment Operating Income (Loss)
                             
Life Marketing
 
$
40,270
 
$
38,014
     
$
132,276
 
$
115,487
 
Acquisitions
   
32,060
   
19,510
       
70,924
   
62,018
 
Annuities
   
5,351
   
4,927
       
16,242
   
17,136
 
Stable Value Products
   
10,429
   
13,743
       
34,573
   
41,626
 
Asset Protection
   
(14,401
)
 
6,102
       
3,241
   
18,566
 
Corporate and Other
   
(3,929
)
 
16,236
       
14,582
   
37,261
 
Total segment operating income
   
69,780
   
98,532
       
271,838
   
292,094
 
                               
Realized investment gains (losses) - investments (1)
   
72,266
   
3,450
       
77,039
   
14,233
 
Realized investment gains (losses) - derivatives (2)
   
(54,148
)
 
4,885
       
(47,636
)
 
(34,148
)
Income tax expense
   
(30,597
)
 
(36,976
)
     
(104,862
)
 
(94,174
)
Net income
 
$
57,301
 
$
69,891
     
$
196,379
 
$
178,005
 
                               
(1)        Realized investment gains (losses) - investments
 
$
78,645
 
$
3,612
     
$
98,461
 
$
43,970
 
Less participating income from real estate ventures
   
0
   
0
       
13,494
   
5,883
 
Less related amortization of DAC
   
6,379
   
162
       
7,928
   
23,854
 
   
$
72,266
 
$
3,450
     
$
77,039
 
$
14,233
 
                               
(2)        Realized investment gains (losses) - derivatives
 
$
(55,302
)
$
7,662
     
$
(46,764
)
$
(24,727
)
Less settlements on certain interest rate swaps
   
654
   
2,777
       
2,659
   
9,421
 
Less derivative losses related to certain annuities
   
(1,808
)
 
0
       
(1,787
)
 
0
 
   
$
(54,148
)
$
4,885
     
$
(47,636
)
$
(34,148
)

The Asset Protection segment’s operating income for the third quarter of 2006 includes a bad debt charge of $26 million related to its Lenders Indemnity product line. This charge is a result of the Company’s assessment of the inability of the servicer of this business and an affiliated reinsurer to meet their obligations to the Company.

10



 
Operating Segment Assets
September 30, 2006
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
Life
Marketing
 
Acquisitions
 
Annuities
 
Stable Value
Products
 
         
 
     
Investments and other assets
$7,662,582
 
$12,075,879
 
$6,441,083
 
$5,389,729
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
1,804,742
 
1,011,969
 
111,210
 
16,786
 
Goodwill
10,354
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
Total assets
$9,477,678
 
$13,087,848
 
$6,552,293
 
$5,406,515
 
                 
                 
 
Asset
Protection
 
Corporate
and Other
 
Adjustments
 
Total
Consolidated
 
                 
Investments and other assets
$ 937,260
 
$3,092,557
 
$38,685
 
$35,637,775
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
98,162
 
56,857
 
0
 
3,099,726
 
Goodwill
58,035
 
83
 
0
 
68,472
 
Total assets
$1,093,457
 
$3,149,497
 
$38,685
 
$38,805,973
 
                 
                 
                 
 
Operating Segment Assets
December 31, 2005
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
Life
Marketing
 
Acquisitions
 
Annuities
 
Stable Value
Products
 
         
 
     
Investments and other assets
$7,219,157
 
$3,914,853
 
$6,065,367
 
$5,959,112
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
1,584,325
 
330,278
 
128,930
 
19,102
 
Goodwill
10,354
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
Total assets
$8,813,836
 
$4,245,131
 
$6,194,297
 
$5,978,214
 
                 
                 
 
Asset
Protection
 
Corporate
and Other
 
Adjustments
 
Total
Consolidated
 
                 
Investments and other assets
$812,774
 
$2,732,774
 
$41,545
 
$26,745,582
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
101,972
 
7,381
 
0
 
2,171,988
 
Goodwill
38,986
 
83
 
0
 
49,423
 
Total assets
$953,732
 
$2,740,238
 
$41,545
 
$28,966,993
 



11


6.  Net Income Per Share

Net income per share - basic is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including shares issuable under various deferred compensation plans. Net income per share - diluted is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period, including shares issuable under various stock-based compensation plans and stock purchase contracts.

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net income per share is presented below:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
 
2006
 
2005
 
2006
 
2005
 
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Calculation of basic earnings per share:
               
Net income
$57,301
 
$69,891
 
$196,379
 
$178,005
 
     
 
         
Average shares issued and outstanding
69,807,783
 
69,678,535
 
69,801,909
 
69,611,900
 
Issuable under various deferred compensation plans
1,003,509
 
903,481
 
988,073
 
913,104
 
Weighted shares outstanding - Basic
70,811,292
 
70,582,016
 
70,789,982
 
70,525,004
 
         
 
     
Basic earnings per share
$0.81
$0.99
$2.77
$2.52
             
 
 
Calculation of diluted earnings per share:
               
Net income
$57,301
 
$69,891
 
$196,379
 
$178,005
 
         
 
     
Weighted shares outstanding - Basic
70,811,292
 
70,582,016
 
70,789,982
 
70,525,004
 
Stock appreciation rights (“SARs”)(a)
267,182
 
316,549
 
291,044
 
294,578
 
Issuable under various other stock-back compensation plans
276,747
 
451,479
 
350,278
 
481,753
 
Weighted shares outstanding - Diluted
71,355,221
 
71,350,044
 
71,431,304
 
71,301,335
 
                 
Diluted earnings per share
$0.80
$0.98
$2.75
$2.50
(a)    Excludes 144,100 and 119,400 SARs as of September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, that are antidilutive. In the event the average market price exceeds the issue price of the SARs, such rights would be dilutive to the Company’s earnings per share and will be included in the Company’s calculation of the diluted average shares outstanding.


7. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Statement of Position 05-1. In September 2005, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AcSEC”) issued Statement of Position (“SOP”) 05-1, “Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts” (“SOP 05-1”). SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting by insurance enterprises for deferred acquisition costs on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 97 (“SFAS 97”), “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments.” SOP 05-1 defines an internal replacement as a modification in product benefits, features, rights, or coverages that occurs by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. Contract modifications that result in a substantially unchanged contract will be accounted for as a continuation of the replaced contract. Contract modifications that result in a substantially changed contract should be accounted for as an extinguishment of the replaced contract, and any unamortized DAC, unearned revenue and deferred sales charges must be written off. SOP 05-1 is to be applied prospectively and is effective for internal replacements occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company plans to adopt SOP 05-1 effective January 1, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating potential effects of SOP 05-1 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
 

12


SFAS No. 155 - Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140. In February 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140” (“SFAS155”). SFAS155 amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities” (“SFAS 140”) and resolves issues addressed in SFAS 133 DIG Issue D1, “Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interest in Securitized Financial Assets.” SFAS 155 partially eliminates the exemption from applying the bifurcation requirements of SFAS 133 to interests in securitized financial assets, in an effort to ensure that similar instruments are accounted for consistently regardless of the form of the instrument. The Company is currently evaluating the impact SFAS 155, which is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006, but does not currently believe that its adoption will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

    SFAS No. 156 - Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets - an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets - an amendment of FASB Statement 140” (“SFAS 156”). SFAS 156 amends SFAS 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. SFAS 156 requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations. Additionally, SFAS 156 permits the choice of the amortization method or the fair value measurement method, with changes in fair value recorded in income, for the subsequent measurement for each class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. The statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating SFAS 156, but does not believe that its adoption will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

FASB Interpretation No. 48. In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109,” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 provides guidance on the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. It also addresses changes in judgment with respect to the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions, the accrual of any interest and penalties related to tax uncertainties, the balance sheet classification of liabilities resulting from tax uncertainties, and qualitative and quantitative disclosures required. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on its financial statements.

SFAS No. 157 - Fair Value Measurements. In September 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective prospectively with a limited form of retrospective application for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 with early adoption encouraged. We are currently evaluating the impact that SFAS No. 157 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

SFAS No. 158 - Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 (“SFAS 158), “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, which amends SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” (“SFAS 87”), SFAS No. 88, “Employers’ Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits” (“SFAS 88”), SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions” (“SFAS 106”), and SFAS No. 132 (revised), “Employers’ Disclosures About Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits” (“SFAS 132(R))”. SFAS 158 requires that the funded status of defined benefit postretirement plans be fully recognized on the statement of financial position, and requires the recognition of changes in the funded status of such plans in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. Additionally, SFAS 158 requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. SFAS 158 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006 and therefore will be adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2006. This standard will be adopted prospectively, and as a result, prior periods will not be restated. The Company is currently evaluating potential effects of SFAS 158 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.


13

 
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108. In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”) which provides guidance on quantifying financial statement misstatements. SAB 108 requires financial statement misstatements to be quantified in relation to both its impact on the current year income statement (the “rollover” approach) and the current year balance sheet (the “iron curtain” approach). If a misstatement is material under either approach (the “dual approach”) the financial statements must be adjusted for the misstatement.
 
8. Comprehensive Income

The following table sets forth the Company's comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented below:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
 
2006
 
2005
 
2006
 
2005
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Net income
$ 57,301
 
$ 69,891
 
$196,379
 
$178,005
 
Change in net unrealized gains on investments, net of income tax:
(three months: 2006 - $134,634; 2005 - $(61,309)
nine months: 2006 - $(889); 2005 - $(45,788))
252,245
 
(113,859
(1,666
)
(85,034
Change in accumulated gain-hedging, net of income tax:
(three months: 2006 - $(7,844); 2005 - $3,593
nine months: 2006 - $(6,272); $2005 - $977)
(14,696
)
6,673
 
(11,745
)
1,815
 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of income tax:
(three months: 2006 - $0; 2005 - $0
nine months: 2006 - $(1,138); $2005 - $0)
0
 
0
 
(2,132
)
0
 
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in
net income, net of income tax:
(three months: 2006 - $(26,597); 2005 - $(1,264)
nine months: 2006 - $(27,384); 2005 - $(15,390))
(49,830
(2,348
(51,282
)
(28,581
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$245,020
 
$ (39,643
)
$129,554
 
$ 66,205
 


9. Retirement Benefit Plans

Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan and unfunded excess benefits plan are as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
 
2006
 
2005
 
2006
 
2005
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Service cost - Benefits earned during the period
$ 2,407
 
$ 1,557
 
$ 6,709
 
$ 5,352
 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations
1,713
 
1,700
 
6,371
 
5,844
 
Expected return on plan assets
(1,847
)
(1,986
(7,619
(6,828
Amortization of prior service cost
35
 
54
 
153
 
187
 
Amortization of actuarial losses
719
 
714
 
2,765
 
2,453
 
Net periodic benefit cost
$ 3,027
 
$ 2,039
 
$ 8,379
 
$ 7,008
 


The Company previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005, that it expected to contribute $7.0 million to its defined benefit pension plan during 2006. The Company has not yet determined the amount, if any, that it will contribute to this plan in 2006. As of September 30, 2006, no contributions have been made to the defined benefit pension plan.

In addition to pension benefits, the Company provides limited healthcare benefits and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees. The cost of these plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 was immaterial.

14


10. Borrowings

Long Term Debt

At September 30, 2006, the Company had $56.6 million outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 5.6% under its $200 million revolving line of credit due July 30, 2009. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants at September 30, 2006.

Non-Recourse Funding Obligations

The Company issued $125.0 million of non-recourse funding obligations during the first nine months of 2006, bringing the total amount outstanding to $250.0 million at September 30, 2006. The weighted average interest rate as of September 30, 2006, was 6.6%.

Issuance of Capital Securities

In connection with the Chase Insurance Group acquisition discussed in Note 3, on July 3, 2006, the Company issued $200.0 million of 7.25% Capital Securities due 2066 (the "Capital Securities").

11. Stock-Based Compensation

Since 1973, the Company has had stock-based incentive plans to motivate management to focus on the Company’s long-range performance through the awarding of stock-based compensation. Under plans approved by share owners in 1997 and 2003, up to 6,500,000 shares may be issued in payment of awards.

Through December 31, 2005, the Company accounted for its stock-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” (“SFAS 123”) which was originally issued by the FASB in 1995. As originally issued, FAS123 provided companies with the option to either record expense for share-based payments under a fair value model, or to simply disclose the impact of the expense. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“FAS123R”), using the modified prospective method, and accordingly prior periods have not been restated. SFAS 123R requires companies to measure the cost of share-based payments to employees using a fair value model and to recognize that cost over the relevant service period. Since the Company elected to recognize the cost of its share-based compensation plans in its financial statements when it originally adopted SFAS 123, the adoption of SFAS 123R in the first quarter of 2006 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or earnings per share.

In addition, SFAS 123R requires that an estimate of future award forfeitures be made at the grant date, while SFAS 123 permitted recognition of forfeitures on an as incurred basis. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company accounted for forfeitures as they occurred. This change in method related to forfeitures also did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Prior to adopting SFAS 123R, the Company presented all tax benefits of deductions resulting from payouts of stock based compensation as operating cash flows. SFAS 123R requires the cash flows resulting from excess tax benefits (tax deductions realized in excess of the compensation costs recognized for the exercise of the awards) from the date of adoption of SFAS 123R to be classified as a part of cash flows from financing activities. As a result of adopting SFAS 123R as of January 1, 2006, $2.9 million of excess tax benefits for the first nine months of 2006 have been classified as financing cash flows.

The criteria for payment of 2006 performance awards is based primarily upon a comparison of the Company’s average return on average equity over a four-year period (earlier upon the death, disability, or retirement of the executive, or in certain circumstances, upon a change in control of the Company) to that of a comparison group of publicly held life and multi-line insurance companies. If the Company’s results are below the median of the comparison group (40th percentile for 2006 awards), no portion of the award is earned. If the Company’s results are at or above the 90th percentile, the award maximum is earned. Awards are paid in shares of Company Common Stock.

15


Performance shares awarded in 2006 and their estimated fair value at grant date are as follows:

Year
Awarded
Performance
Shares
Estimated
Fair Value
   
(Dollars in thousands)
     
2006
135,280
$6,500


Performance shares are equivalent in value to one share of Company Common Stock times the award earned percentage payout. At September 30, 2006, the total outstanding performance shares related to these performance-based plans (including shares issued prior to January 1, 2006) measured at maximum payouts was 801,174.

During 2006, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) were granted to certain officers of the Company to provide long-term incentive compensation based solely on the performance of the Company’s Common Stock. The SARs are exercisable either in four equal annual installments beginning one year after the date of grant or after five years depending on the terms of the grant (earlier upon the death, disability, or retirement of the officer, or in certain circumstances, upon a change in control of the Company) and expire after ten years or upon termination of employment. The SARs activity as well as weighted average base price for the first nine months of 2006 is as follows:
 
Weighted Average
Base Price
No. of SARs
Balance at December 31, 2005
$26.89
 
1,467,210
 
SARs granted
47.36
 
81,970
 
SARs exercised
22.23
 
(326,459)
 
Balance at September 30, 2006
$29.51
 
1,222,721
 


The outstanding SARs at September 30, 2006, were at the following base prices:

Base Price
SARs
Outstanding
Remaining Life
in Years
Currently
Exercisable
$22.31
505,776
3
505,776
  31.29
    2,500
4
    2,500
  32.00
435,000
5
           0
  26.49
  80,000
6
           0
  41.05
117,475
8
   9,175
  48.60
  46,900
9
          0
  45.70
  35,070
9
          0


The SARs issued in 2006 had estimated fair values at grant date of $1.2 million. The fair value of the 2006 SARs was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used varied depending on the vesting period of the awards. Assumptions used in the model were as follows: expected volatility ranged from 15.5% to 32.5%, the risk-free interest rate ranged from 4.6% to 5.0%, a dividend rate of 1.7%, a zero forfeiture rate, and the expected exercise date ranged from 2011 to 2014.

The Company will pay an amount in stock equal to the difference between the specified base price of the Company’s Common Stock and the market value at the exercise date for each SAR.

Additionally during 2006, the Company issued 6,500 restricted stock units at a fair value of $45.70 per unit. These awards, with a total fair value of $0.3 million, vest over a three year period.

The Company recognizes all stock based compensation expense over the related service period of the award, or earlier for retirement eligible employees. The expense recorded by the Company for its stock-based compensation plans was $3.4 million for the first nine months of 2006. Additionally, as of September 30, 2006, $11.5 million of unrecognized expense related to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans is expected to be recognized in future periods through December 31, 2009. The Company’s obligations of its stock-based compensation plans that are expected to be settled in shares of the Company’s Common Stock are reported as a component of share-owners’ equity, net of deferred taxes.

16


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollar amounts in tables are in thousands)


This Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in its entirety, since it contains detailed information that is important to understanding the Company’s results and financial condition. The Overview below is qualified in its entirety by the full Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS - CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE

This report reviews the Company’s financial condition and results of operations including its liquidity and capital resources. Historical information is presented and discussed. Where appropriate, factors that may affect future financial performance are also identified and discussed. Certain statements made in this report include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements instead of historical facts and may contain words like “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “budget,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “will,” “shall,” “may,” and other words, phrases, or expressions with similar meaning. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the results contained in the forward-looking statements, and the Company cannot give assurances that such statements will prove to be correct. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.

For a more complete understanding of the Company’s business and its current period results, please read the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in conjunction with the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

INTRODUCTION

Protective Life Corporation (the “Company”) is a holding company whose subsidiaries provide financial services through the production, distribution, and administration of insurance and investment products. Founded in 1907, Protective Life Insurance Company is the Company's largest operating subsidiary. Unless the context otherwise requires, the "Company" refers to the consolidated group of Protective Life Corporation and its subsidiaries.

The Company operates several business segments each having a strategic focus. An operating segment is generally distinguished by products and/or channels of distribution. The Company's operating segments are Life Marketing, Acquisitions, Annuities, Stable Value Products, and Asset Protection. The Company has an additional segment referred to as Corporate and Other which consists of net investment income on unallocated capital, interest on debt, earnings from various investment-related transactions, and the operations of several non-strategic lines of business. The Company periodically evaluates its operating segments in light of the segment reporting requirements prescribed by SFAS 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” and makes adjustments to its segment reporting as needed.


17


KNOWN TRENDS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The factors which could affect the Company's future results include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and the following known trends and uncertainties: we are exposed to the risks of natural disasters, pandemics, malicious and terrorist acts that could adversely affect our operations; we operate in a mature, highly competitive industry, which could limit our ability to gain or maintain our position in the industry; a ratings downgrade could adversely affect our ability to compete; our policy claims fluctuate from period to period, and actual results could differ from our expectations; our results may be negatively affected should actual experience differ from management's assumptions and estimates; the use of reinsurance introduces variability in our statements of income; we could be forced to sell investments at a loss to cover policyholder withdrawals; interest rate fluctuations could negatively affect our spread income or otherwise impact our business; equity market volatility could negatively impact our business; insurance companies are highly regulated and subject to numerous legal restrictions and regulations; changes to tax law or interpretations of existing tax law could adversely affect the Company and its ability to compete with non-insurance products or reduce the demand for certain insurance products; publicly held companies in general and financial services companies in particular are frequently the targets of litigation, including class action litigation, which could result in substantial judgments; the financial services industry is sometimes the target of law enforcement investigations and the focus of increased regulatory scrutiny; our ability to maintain low unit costs is dependent upon the level of new sales and persistency of existing business; our investments are subject to market and credit risks; we may not realize our anticipated financial results from our acquisitions strategy; we may not be able to achieve the expected results from our recent acquisition; we are dependent on the performance of others; our reinsurers could fail to meet assumed obligations, increase rates or be subject to adverse developments that could affect us; computer viruses or network security breaches could affect our data processing systems or those of our business partners; our ability to grow depends in large part upon the continued availability of capital; and new accounting or statutory rules or changes to existing accounting or statutory rules could negatively impact us. Please refer to Exhibit 99 about these factors that could affect future results.

The Company’s results may fluctuate from period to period due to fluctuations in mortality, persistency, claims, expenses, interest rates, and other factors. Therefore, it is management's opinion that quarterly operating results for an insurance company are not necessarily indicative of results to be achieved in future periods, and that a review of operating results over a longer period is necessary to assess an insurance company's performance.

OVERVIEW

In the following discussion, segment operating income is defined as income before income tax, excluding net realized investment gains and losses (net of the related amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) and participating income from real estate ventures). Periodic settlements of derivatives associated with corporate debt and certain investments and annuity products are included in realized gains and losses but are considered part of segment operating income because the derivatives are used to mitigate risk in items affecting segment operating income. Management believes that segment operating income provides relevant and useful information to investors, as it represents the basis on which the performance of the Company’s business is internally assessed. Although the items excluded from segment operating income may be significant components in understanding and assessing the Company’s overall financial performance, management believes that segment operating income enhances an investor’s understanding of the Company’s results of operations by highlighting the income (loss) attributable to the normal, recurring operations of the Company’s business. Note that the Company’s segment operating income measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
 

18


The following table presents a summary of results and reconciles segment operating income to consolidated net income:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
 (Dollars in thousands)
       
 (Dollars in thousands)
     
Segment Operating Income (Loss)
                               
Life Marketing
 
$
40,270
   
$
38,014
   
5.9
%
 
$
132,276
   
$
115,487
   
14.5
%
Acquisitions
   
32,060
     
19,510
   
64.3
     
70,924
     
62,018
   
14.4
 
Annuities
   
5,351
     
4,927
   
8.6
     
16,242
     
17,136
   
(5.2
)
Stable Value Products
   
10,429
     
13,743
   
(24.1
)
   
34,573
     
41,626
   
(16.9
)
Asset Protection
   
(14,401
)
   
6,102
   
(336.0
)
   
3,241
     
18,566
   
(82.5
)
Corporate and Other
   
(3,929
)
   
16,236
   
(124.2
)
   
14,582
     
37,261
   
(60.9
)
Total segment operating income
   
69,780
     
98,532
   
(29.2
)
   
271,838
     
292,094
   
(6.9
)
                                             
Realized investment gains (losses) - investments(1)
   
72,266
     
3,450
           
77,039
     
14,233
       
Realized investment gains (losses) - derivatives(2)
   
(54,148
)
   
4,885
           
(47,636
)
   
(34,148
)
     
Income tax expense
   
(30,597
)
   
(36,976
)
         
(104,862
)
   
(94,174
)
     
Net income
 
$
57,301
   
$
69,891
   
(18.0
)
 
$
196,379
   
$
178,005
   
10.3
 
                                             
(1) Realized investment gains (losses) - investments
 
$
78,645
   
$
3,612
         
$
98,461
   
$
43,970
       
Less participating income from real estate ventures
   
0
     
0
           
13,494
     
5,883
       
Less related amortization of DAC
   
6,379
     
162
           
7,928
     
23,854
       
   
$
72,266
   
$
3,450
         
$
77,039
   
$
14,233
       
                                             
(2) Realized investment gains (losses) - derivatives
 
$
(55,302
)
 
$
7,662
         
$
(46,764
)
 
$
(24,727
)
     
Less settlements on certain interest rate swaps
   
654
     
2,777
           
2,659
     
9,421
       
Less derivative losses related to certain annuities
   
(1,808
)
   
0
           
(1,787
)
   
0
       
   
$
(54,148
)
 
$
4,885
         
$
(47,636
)
 
$
(34,148
)
     


Net income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 reflects declines of 29.2% and 6.9%, respectively, in segment operating income compared to the same periods of 2005. These declines primarily are the result of charges taken in the Asset Protection and Corporate and Other segments (see below). Net realized investment gains were $18.1 million for the third quarter compared to gains of $8.3 million for the same period of 2005, a favorable change of $9.8 million. For the first nine months of 2006, the Company had net realized investment gains of $29.4 million compared to net realized investment losses of $19.9 million for the same period of 2005, a favorable change of $49.3 million.

Life Marketing segment operating income was $40.3 million and $132.3 million for the current quarter and year-to-date, respectively, representing increases of 5.9% and 14.5% over the same periods of the prior year. These increases were attributable to growth in business in-force due to strong sales in prior periods, favorable DAC unlocking of approximately $14.1 million in the second quarter of 2006, and favorable mortality variances.

The increases in the Acquisitions segment’s operating income for both the current quarter and year-to-date are due to the acquisition of the Chase Insurance Group completed in the third quarter of 2006. This acquisition contributed $13.2 million to the Acquisition segment’s operating income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006.

Favorable DAC unlocking of $5.0 million during the second quarter of 2005 drove the year-to-date decrease in operating income for the Annuities segment. The impact of the favorable DAC unlocking in 2005 was somewhat offset in 2006 by improvement in the equity markets, increasing account balances, and a 12 basis point improvement in interest spread during the current quarter.

Spread compression due to increasing short term interest rates combined with a decline in average account values caused operating income to decline 24.1% for the third quarter and 16.9% for the first nine months of 2006 in the Stable Value Products segment compared to the same periods of 2005.

 
19


The Asset Protection segment’s 336.0% and 82.5% declines in operating income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, are the result of bad debt charges of $26.0 million and $27.1 million, respectively, in one of the lines the segment is no longer marketing. See additional discussion of this event in the following discussion of results by business segment. Excluding the impact of these charges, operating income for the Asset Protection segment increased 90.1% and 63.4%, respectively, for the current quarter and year-to-date due to improvements in the segment’s service contract line, as well as their inventory protection product (“IPP”) line. Earnings from the service contract line are up $4.3 million (25.2%) year-to-date, while IPP earnings are up $6.8 million year-to-date.

The decline in operating income for the Corporate and Other segment is primarily the result of a $9.0 million charge recorded in the current quarter to strengthen reserves related to the discontinued Residual Value line of business. The reserve strengthening is the result of a further decline in used car prices and an increase in the expected frequency and severity of claims.

RESULTS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT

In the following segment discussions, various statistics and other key data the Company uses to evaluate its segments are presented. Sales statistics are used by the Company to measure the relative progress in its marketing efforts, but may or may not have an immediate impact on reported segment operating income. Sales data for traditional life insurance are based on annualized premiums, while universal life sales are based on annualized planned (target) premiums plus 6% of amounts received in excess of target premiums. Sales of annuities are measured based on the amount of deposits received. Stable value contract sales are measured at the time that the funding commitment is made based on the amount of deposit to be received. Sales within the Asset Protection segment are generally based on the amount of single premium and fees received.

Sales and life insurance in-force amounts are derived from the Company’s various sales tracking and administrative systems, and are not derived from the Company’s financial reporting systems or financial statements. Mortality variances are derived from actual claims compared to expected claims. These variances do not represent the net impact to earnings due to the interplay of reserves and DAC amortization.

Life Marketing
The Life Marketing segment markets level premium term and term-like insurance (collectively “traditional life”), universal life (“UL”), variable universal life and bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) products on a national basis primarily through networks of independent insurance agents and brokers, stockbrokers, and independent marketing organizations. Segment results were as follows:
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
  (Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                               
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
327,355
   
$
297,098
   
10.2
%
 
$
978,215
   
$
861,200
   
13.6
%
Reinsurance ceded
   
(206,269
)
   
(204,572
)
 
0.8
     
(652,048
)
   
(640,286
)
 
1.8
 
Net premiums and policy fees
   
121,086
     
92,526
   
30.9
     
326,167
     
220,914
   
47.6
 
Net investment income
   
80,444
     
66,847
   
20.3
     
228,771
     
190,541
   
20.1
 
Other income
   
32,278
     
27,577
   
17.0
     
94,352
     
83,240
   
13.3
 
Total operating revenues
   
233,808
     
186,950
   
25.1
     
649,290
     
494,695
   
31.3
 
                                             
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
147,213
     
112,119
   
31.3
     
405,544
     
274,896
   
47.5
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
21,689
     
23,831
   
(9.0
)
   
42,791
     
63,071
   
(32.2
)
Other operating expenses
   
24,636
     
12,986
   
89.7
     
68,679
     
41,241
   
66.5
 
Total benefits and expenses
   
193,538
     
148,936
   
29.9
     
517,014
     
379,208
   
36.3
 
                                             
OPERATING INCOME
   
40,270
     
38,014
   
5.9
     
132,276
     
115,487
   
14.5
 
                                             
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
 
$
40,270
   
$
38,014
   
5.9
   
$
132,276
   
$
115,487
   
14.5
 
 
20


The following table summarizes key data for the Life Marketing segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Sales By Product
                               
Traditional
 
$
39,552
   
$
27,975
   
41.4
%
 
$
112,761
   
$
89,344
   
26.2
%
Universal life
   
13,028
     
50,308
   
(74.1
)
   
60,625
     
124,695
   
(51.4
)
Variable universal life
   
1,697
     
1,698
   
(0.1
)
   
4,610
     
4,033
   
14.3
 
   
$
54,277
   
$
79,981
   
(32.1
)
 
$
177,996
   
$
218,072
   
(18.4
)
                                             
Sales By Distribution Channel
                                           
Brokerage general agents
 
$
33,733
   
$
36,072
   
(6.5
)
 
$
104,556
   
$
101,740
   
2.8
 
Independent agents
   
7,814
     
21,798
   
(64.2
)
   
30,830
     
57,964
   
(46.8
)
Stockbrokers/banks
   
7,116
     
19,741
   
(64.0
)
   
28,765
     
50,303
   
(42.8
)
BOLI / other
   
5,614
     
2,370
   
136.9
     
13,845
     
8,065
   
71.7
 
   
$
54,277
   
$
79,981
   
(32.1
)
 
$
177,996
   
$
218,072
   
(18.4
)
                                             
Average Life Insurance In-Force(1)
                                           
Traditional
 
$
386,005,768
   
$
344,313,462
   
12.1
   
$
374,636,645
   
$
336,609,496
   
11.3
 
Universal life
   
50,801,493
     
46,057,903
   
10.3
     
50,032,713
     
44,581,586
   
12.2
 
   
$
436,807,261
   
$
390,371,365
   
11.9
   
$
424,669,358
   
$
381,191,082
   
11.4
 
                                             
Average Account Values
                                           
Universal life
 
$
4,812,312
   
$
4,237,783
   
13.6
   
$
4,716,066
   
$
4,002,838
   
17.8
 
Variable universal life
   
280,608
     
233,236
   
20.3
     
270,519
     
225,183
   
20.1
 
   
$
5,092,920
   
$
4,471,019
   
13.9
   
$
4,986,585
   
$
4,228,021
   
17.9
 
                                             
Mortality Experience (2)
 
$
5,950
   
$
503
         
$
5,910
   
$
5,574
       
                                             
(1)   Amounts are not adjusted for reinsurance ceded.
(2)   Represents a favorable (unfavorable) variance as compared to pricing assumptions. Excludes results related to Chase Acquisition Group which was acquired in the third quarter of 2006.
 

Operating income increased 5.9% from the third quarter of 2005 primarily due to favorable mortality, and increased 14.5% year-to-date primarily as a result of DAC unlocking during the second quarter of 2006. (See additional discussion of this item below.) The increases in total revenues are the result of growth of life insurance in-force and average account values, and were partially offset by higher overall benefits and expenses (31.3% higher for the third quarter and 47.5% higher for the first nine months of 2006, as compared to the same periods of 2005). Additionally, as discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2005, during 2005 the Company reduced its reliance on reinsurance (see additional comments below) and entered into a capital markets solution to fund the additional statutory reserves required as a result of these changes in the Company’s reinsurance arrangements. In addition to the expected fluctuations in premiums and benefits and settlement expenses discussed below, earnings emerge more slowly under a capital markets structure relative to the previous reinsurance structure utilized by the Company.

Net premiums and policy fees grew by 30.9% in the current quarter and 47.6% year-to-date due in part to the growth in life insurance in-force achieved over the last several quarters combined with an increase in retention levels on certain newly written traditional life products. Beginning in the second quarter of 2005, the Company reduced its reliance on reinsurance by changing from coinsurance to yearly renewable term reinsurance agreements and increased the maximum amount retained on any one life from $500,000 to $1,000,000 on certain of its newly written traditional life products. In addition to increasing net premiums, this change will result in higher benefits and settlement expenses, and will cause greater variability in financial results due to fluctuations in mortality results.

Net investment income increased 20.3% for the quarter and 20.1% year-to-date, reflecting the growth of the segment’s assets caused by the increase in life reserves, offset by lower investment yields, while other income increased 17.0% and 13.3% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, primarily due to additional income from the segment’s broker-dealer subsidiary and higher fees generated by a direct marketing subsidiary. The increase in income from the broker-dealer subsidiary is the result of increased fees related to variable annuity managed accounts and higher investment advisory fees. Due to the nature of this business, the majority of this additional income is offset by an increase in other operating expenses.
 
21


Benefits and settlement expenses were 31.3% and 47.5% higher than the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, respectively, due to growth in life insurance in-force, increased retention levels on certain newly written traditional life products and higher credited interest on UL products resulting from increases in account values, partially offset for the current quarter by favorable fluctuations in mortality experience. The mortality variance (actual results compared to pricing) for the current quarter and first nine months of 2006 was $5.5 million and $0.3 million more favorable, respectively, than the same periods of 2005. The estimated mortality impact on earnings for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 were favorable variances of $3.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These periods were approximately $4.4 million and $0.6 million more favorable than the same periods of 2005.

Amortization of DAC was 9.0% and 32.2% lower for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 compared to the same periods of 2005 primarily due to favorable DAC unlocking. An evaluation of DAC, including a review of the underlying assumptions of future mortality, expenses, lapses, premium persistency, investment yields, and interest spreads was performed by the Company on its West Coast Life UL product during the second quarter of 2006. As a result of this review, assumptions were updated based on actual experience and/or expectations for the future. This change in assumptions, and resulting adjustment to DAC, referred to as “unlocking”, resulted in a favorable adjustment of approximately $14.1 million during the second quarter of 2006.

Other operating expenses for the segment were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Insurance Companies:
                               
First year commissions
 
$
79,856
   
$
87,001
   
(8.2)
%
 
$
250,552
   
$
247,930
   
1.1
%
Renewal commissions
   
10,022
     
8,039
   
24.7
     
27,399
     
24,020
   
14.1
 
First year ceding allowances
   
(30,943
)
   
(21,238
)
 
45.7
     
(91,808
)
   
(94,821
)
 
(3.2
)
Renewal ceding allowances
   
(53,456
)
   
(43,759
)
 
22.2
     
(154,916
)
   
(129,549
)
 
19.6
 
General & administrative
   
41,483
     
41,365
   
0.3
     
125,247
     
133,188
   
(6.0
)
Taxes, licenses and fees
   
7,540
     
8,977
   
(16.0
)
   
22,977
     
23,344
   
(1.6
)
Other operating expenses incurred
   
54,502
     
80,385
   
(32.2
)
   
179,451
     
204,112
   
(12.1
)
                                             
Less commissions, allowances & expenses capitalized
   
(65,374
)
   
(94,023
)
 
(30.5
)
   
(209,964
)
   
(243,072
)
 
(14.4
)
                                             
Other operating expenses
   
(10,872
)
   
(13,638
)
 
(20.3
)
   
(30,513
)
   
(38,960
)
 
(21.7
)
                                             
Marketing Companies:
                                           
Commissions
   
19,443
     
17,395
   
11.8
     
57,465
     
53,092
   
8.2
 
Other
   
16,065
     
9,229
   
74.1
     
41,727
     
27,109
   
53.9
 
Other operating expenses
   
35,508
     
26,624
   
33.4
     
99,192
     
80,201
   
23.7
 
                                             
Other operating expenses
 
$
24,636
   
$
12,986
   
89.7
%
 
$
68,679
   
$
41,241
   
66.5
%


Currently, the segment reinsures significant amounts of its life insurance in-force. Pursuant to the underlying reinsurance contracts, reinsurers pay allowances to the segment as a percentage of both first year and renewal premiums. A portion of these allowances is deferred as part of DAC while the non-deferrable expenses are recognized immediately as a reduction of other operating expenses. While the recognition of reinsurance allowances is consistent with GAAP, non-deferred reinsurance allowances often exceed the segment’s non-deferred direct costs, which may cause net other operating expenses to be negative. Consideration of all components of the segment’s income statement, including amortization of DAC, is required to assess the impact of reinsurance on segment operating income.

 
22


Other operating expenses for the insurance companies increased from the prior year as a result of lower DAC capitalization, primarily due to lower UL sales. Amounts capitalized as DAC generally include first year commissions and allowances and other deferrable acquisition expenses. The change in these amounts generally reflects the trend in sales for the quarter. Additionally, the first quarter of 2006 included a $2.1 million true-up of field compensation expenses related to sales in prior periods that increased expense.

Other operating expenses for the segment’s marketing companies increased 33.4% and 23.7% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2005, primarily as a result of higher commissions and other expenses in the segment’s broker-dealer subsidiary associated with the higher revenue. The broker-dealer subsidiary has also incurred additional expenses in the current year related to new business initiatives.

Sales for the segment declined 32.1% and 18.4% versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, respectively, primarily due to sharp declines in UL sales. Traditional life sales increased 41.4% and 26.2% for the quarter and year-to-date, respectively. Traditional life sales were negatively impacted during the first half of 2005 as a result of pricing adjustments on certain traditional life products in response to the rising cost of reinsurance. The Company was able to improve its competitive position with respect to these products in the third quarter of 2005 by reducing its reliance on reinsurance for certain newly written traditional life products. As a result, traditional life sales improved during the second half of 2005, and this upward trend in traditional life sales has continued into 2006. The 74.1% and 51.4% declines in UL sales for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, are a result of pricing adjustments on certain UL products in response to the higher reserve levels required under Actuarial Guideline 38 (“AG38”). The Company expects UL sales to continue to decline during the fourth quarter of 2006 compared to the sales levels achieved in 2005. See additional discussion of AG38 and its impact on certain UL products in the “Recent Developments” section herein. Sales of BOLI business improved for both the quarter and year-to-date from the same periods of 2005. BOLI sales can vary widely between periods as the segment responds to opportunities for these products only when required returns can be achieved.

Acquisitions

The Acquisitions segment focuses on acquiring, converting, and servicing policies acquired from other companies. The segment's primary focus is on life insurance policies sold to individuals. As discussed in Note 3 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, on July 3, 2006, the Company completed its acquisition of the Chase Insurance Group, which consists of five insurance companies that manufacture and distribute traditional life insurance and annuity products and four related non-insurance companies (which collectively are referred to as the “Chase Insurance Group”). The Chase Insurance Group’s results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning July 3, 2006.

 
23


Segment results were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                               
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
188,491
   
$
64,265
   
193.3
%
 
$
314,680
   
$
195,869
   
60.7
%
Reinsurance ceded
   
(112,636
)
   
(17,668
)
 
537.5
     
(145,895
)
   
(54,954
)
 
165.5
 
Net premiums and policy fees
   
75,855
     
46,597
   
62.8
     
168,785
     
140,915
   
19.8
 
Net investment income
   
152,834
     
55,366
   
176.0
     
260,950
     
168,179
   
55.2
 
Other income
   
4,774
     
251
   
1,802.0
     
5,684
     
1,065
   
433.7
 
Total operating revenues
   
233,463
     
102,214
   
128.4
     
435,419
     
310,159
   
40.4
 
Realized gains (losses) - investments
   
74,628
     
0
           
74,628
     
0
       
Realized gains (losses) - derivatives
   
(58,544
)
   
0
           
(58,544
)
   
0
       
Total revenues
   
249,547
     
102,214
           
451,503
     
310,159
       
                                             
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
178,946
     
69,312
   
158.2
     
313,384
     
204,495
   
53.2
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of businesses acquired
   
9,956
     
6,197
   
60.7
     
23,100
     
20,453
   
12.9
 
Other operating expenses
   
12,501
     
7,195
   
73.7
     
28,011
     
23,193
   
20.8
 
Operating benefits and expenses
   
201,403
     
82,704
   
143.5
     
364,495
     
248,141
   
46.9
 
Amortization of DAC/VOBA related to realized gains
(losses) - investment
   
5,186
     
0
           
5,186
     
0
       
Total benefits and expenses
   
206,589
     
82,704
           
369,681
     
248,141
       
                                             
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
   
42,958
     
19,510
   
120.2
     
81,822
     
62,018
   
31.9
 
                                             
Less realized gains (losses) - investments
   
16,084
     
0
           
16,084
     
0
       
Less related amortization of DAC
   
(5,186
)
   
0
           
(5,186
)
   
0
       
OPERATING INCOME
 
$
32,060
   
$
19,510
   
64.3
   
$
70,924
   
$
62,018
   
14.4
 
 

The following table summarizes key data for the Acquisitions segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Average Life Insurance In-Force(1)
                                           
Traditional
 
$
236,087,652
   
$
10,641,093
   
2,118.6
%
 
$
236,302,640
   
$
10,915,764
   
2,064.8
%
Universal life
   
33,520,117
     
17,017,720
   
97.0
     
33,781,836
     
17,325,813
   
95.0
 
   
$
269,607,769
   
$
27,658,813
   
874.8
   
$
270,084,476
   
$
28,241,577
   
856.3
 
                                             
Average Account Values
                                           
Universal life
 
$
3,238,068
   
$
1,703,219
   
90.1
   
$
3,246,655
   
$
1,709,402
   
89.9
 
Fixed annuity(2)
   
3,945,835
     
212,967
   
1,752.8
     
3,948,477
     
214,337
   
1,742.2
 
Variable annuity
   
1,385,840
     
72,826
   
1,802.9
     
1,389,720
     
78,376
   
1,673.1
 
   
$
8,569,743
   
$
1,989,012
   
330.9
   
$
8,584,852
   
$
2,002,115
   
328.8
 
                                             
Interest Spread - UL & Fixed Annuities
                                           
Net investment income yield
   
6.33
%
   
6.96
%
         
6.33
%
   
7.03
%
     
Interest credited to policyholders
   
4.10
     
5.15
           
4.10
     
5.15
       
Interest spread
   
2.23
%
   
1.81
%
         
2.23
%
   
1.88
%
     
                                             
Mortality Experience(3)
 
$
2,636
   
$
722
         
$
5,298
   
$
3,937
       
(1)   Amounts are not adjusted for reinsurance ceded.
(2)   Includes general account balances held within variable annuity products.
(3)   Represents a favorable variance as compared to pricing assumptions. Excludes results related to Chase Acquisition Group which was acquired in the third quarter of 2006.
 
24


In the ordinary course of business, the Acquisitions segment regularly considers acquisitions of blocks of policies or smaller insurance companies. The level of the segment’s acquisition activity is predicated upon many factors, including available capital, operating capacity, and market dynamics. Policies acquired through the Acquisition segment are typically “closed” blocks of business (no new policies are being marketed). Therefore, earnings and account values are expected to decline as the result of lapses, deaths, and other terminations of coverage unless new acquisitions are made. As previously discussed, the Company completed the acquisition of the Chase Insurance Group during the third quarter of 2006. This acquisition drove the increases in revenues, expenses, and earnings of the segment for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, as compared to the prior year periods. The current period acquisition also drove the large increases in the segment’s life insurance in-force and UL and annuity account values compared to the prior year periods.
 
Net premiums and policy fees increased 62.8% and 19.8% from the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, respectively, as a result of the Chase Insurance Group acquisition which contributed $31.9 million to net premiums and policy fees during the third quarter and first nine months of 2006. Additionally, net premiums for the first nine months of 2005 were decreased by payment during the first quarter of 2005 of amounts due under two reinsurance treaties. While this had no net income impact, the payments decreased net premiums and policy fees in the first quarter of 2005 by $3.9 million, benefits and settlement expenses by $3.5 million, and other operating expenses by $0.3 million.

Net investment income increased significantly in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 compared to the same periods of 2005 due to the increase in liabilities resulting from the current period acquisition. The interest spread declined 5 basis points and 13 basis points, respectively, from the third quarter and first nine months of 2005. The segment continues to review credited rates on UL and annuity business to minimize the impact of lower earned rates on interest spreads.

Benefits and settlement expenses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 are 158.2% and 53.2% higher, respectively, than the comparable periods of 2005 due to the current period acquisition (which contributed $114.8 million to expenses in the third quarter of 2006) and the impact of the reinsurance payments in the first quarter of 2005 mentioned above. The Chase acquisition resulted in an additional $8.1 million of VOBA amortization for the third quarter of 2006, driving the quarterly and year-to-date increases of 60.7% and 12.9%, respectively. Other operating expenses increased 73.7% and 20.8%, respectively, from the third quarter and first nine months of 2005 due to higher commissions resulting from higher net premiums and increases in reductions in other general expenses.


25


Annuities

The Annuities segment manufactures, sells, and supports fixed and variable annuity products. These products are primarily sold through stockbrokers, but are also sold through financial institutions and independent agents and brokers. Segment results were as follows:
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                               
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
7,794
   
$
8,057
   
(3.3)
%
 
$
23,938
   
$
23,763
   
0.7
%
Reinsurance ceded
   
0
     
0
   
0.0
     
0
     
0
   
0.0
 
Net premiums and policy fees
   
7,794
     
8,057
   
(3.3
)
   
23,938
     
23,763
   
0.7
 
Net investment income
   
56,475
     
54,008
   
4.6
     
164,834
     
164,944
   
(0.1
)
Realized gains (losses) - derivatives
   
(1,808
)
   
0
           
(1,787
)
   
0
       
Other income
   
2,469
     
2,133
   
15.8
     
7,711
     
6,123
   
25.9
 
Operating revenues
   
64,930
     
64,198
   
1.1
     
194,696
     
194,830
   
(0.1
)
Realized gains (losses) - Investments
   
3,412
     
233
           
4,920
     
29,169
       
Total revenues
   
68,342
     
64,431
           
199,616
     
223,999
       
                                             
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
48,233
     
44,596
   
8.2
     
142,429
     
141,363
   
0.8
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
6,585
     
7,501
   
(12.2
)
   
17,545
     
16,900
   
3.8
 
Other operating expenses
   
4,761
     
7,174
   
(33.6
)
   
18,480
     
19,431
   
(4.9
)
Operation benefits and expenses
   
59,579
     
59,271
   
0.5
     
178,454
     
177,694
   
0.4
 
Amortization of DAC related to realized gains
(losses) - investment
   
1,193
     
162
           
2,742
     
23,854
       
Total benefits and expenses
   
60,772
     
59,433
           
181,196
     
201,548
       
                                             
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
   
7,570
     
4,998
   
51.5
     
18,420
     
22,451
   
(18.0
)
                                             
Less realized gains (losses) - investments
   
3,412
     
233
           
4,920
     
29,169
       
Less related amortization of DAC
   
(1,193
)
   
(162
)
         
(2,742
)
   
(23,854
)
     
OPERATING INCOME
 
$
5,351
   
$
4,927
   
8.6
   
$
16,242
   
$
17,136
   
(5.2
)
 
26


The following table summarizes key data for the Annuities segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Sales
                               
Fixed annuity
 
$
339,950
   
$
69,826
   
386.9
%
 
$
568,619
   
$
190,235
   
198.9
%
Variable annuity
   
76,299
     
74,659
   
2.2
     
231,236
     
241,991
   
(4.4
)
   
$
416,249
   
$
144,485
   
188.1
   
$
799,855
   
$
432,226
   
85.1
 
                                             
Average Account Values
                                           
Fixed annuity(1)
 
$
3,649,162
   
$
3,452,363
   
5.7
   
$
3,493,415
   
$
3,451,683
   
1.2
 
Variable annuity
   
2,365,238
     
2,261,110
   
4.6
     
2,365,541
     
2,210,062
   
7.0
 
   
$
6,014,400
   
$
5,713,473
   
5.3
   
$
5,858,956
   
$
5,661,745
   
3.5
 
                                             
Interest Spread - Fixed Annuities(2)
                                           
Net investment income yield
   
6.17
%
   
6.32
%
         
6.19
%
   
6.33
%
     
Interest credited to policyholders
   
5.28
     
5.55
           
5.34
     
5.50
       
Interest spread
   
0.89
%
   
0.77
%
         
0.85
%
   
0.83
%
     
                                             
                       
As of
September 30 
     
                         
 2006
   
 2005
       
                                             
GMDB - Net amount at risk(3)
                       
$
111,187
   
$
155,640
   
(28.6
)
GMDB - Reserves
                         
2,920
   
$
2,070
   
41.1
 
S&P 500® Index
                         
1,336
     
1,229
   
8.7
 
(1) Includes general account balances held within variable annuity products.
(2) Interest spread on average general account values.
(3) Guaranteed death benefit in excess of contract holder account balance.
 
 
27


Segment operating revenues were consistent for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 compared to the same periods of 2005. Minor fluctuations in net premiums and policy fees were offset by changes in net investment income and other income. The increase in investment income for the third quarter of 2006 compared to the prior year period is primarily the result of steadily increasing account values in the single premium immediate annuity and the equity indexed annuity lines. The year-to-date decline in net investment income reflects the year-to-date decline in interest income yields related to the first quarter 2005 portfolio rebalancing discussed below. Other income increased for both the quarter and year-to-date compared to the same periods of 2005 primarily due to an increase in asset-based fees.

During the first quarter of 2005, the investment portfolio was rebalanced to improve the duration match between the segment’s assets and liabilities. Approximately $300 million in securities were sold, causing the large realized investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. These gains were partially offset by $22.4 million in DAC amortization associated with those gains. The resulting funds from this transaction were reinvested in assets with lower rates than the investments that were sold, causing a decline in the investment income yield for the segment’s portfolio beginning in the second quarter of 2005. The segment continually monitors and adjusts credited rates as appropriate in an effort to maintain the interest spread. Adjustments to credited rates have enabled the segment to increase the net interest spread achieved steadily since the 2005 portfolio rebalancing.

Benefits and settlement expenses increased 8.2% for the quarter and are unchanged year-to-date compared to the same periods of 2005 due primarily to changes in mortality. Mortality was unfavorable by $1.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, compared to unfavorable mortality of $0.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, for the same periods of 2005, unfavorable changes of $0.7 million for the quarter and $1.1 million year-to-date. These unfavorable mortality variances primarily relate to the nonrecurring sales of $122 million of single premium immediate annuities on 28 lives sold in the fourth quarter of 2004 in a structured transaction. Because this block of annuities is large relative to the total amount of annuities in-force, volatility in mortality results are expected. In addition, favorable reserve adjustments of $1.7 million in the third quarter of 2005 contributed to the increase in benefits and settlement expense for the third quarter of 2006, as compared to the prior year period.

The fluctuations in DAC amortization in 2006 compared to 2005 are primarily the result of DAC unlocking. The Company periodically reviews and updates as appropriate its key assumptions including future mortality, expenses, lapses, premium persistency, investment yields and interest spreads. Changes to these assumptions result in adjustments which increase or decrease DAC amortization. The periodic review and updating of assumptions is referred to as “unlocking”. During the second quarter of 2005, DAC amortization for the Annuities segment was reduced $5.0 million due to favorable DAC unlocking in the market value adjusted annuity line as a result of the portfolio rebalancing discussed above. While the investment income yield obtained on the reinvested assets resulting from the portfolio rebalancing was lower than the yield obtained prior to the rebalancing, the actual yield on the reinvested assets exceeded previously projected spread income. The higher investment yield resulted in higher future estimated gross profits (“EGPs”) in the segment’s market value adjusted annuity line, causing the favorable unlocking of DAC.

In addition to the second quarter of 2005 DAC unlocking, DAC was also unlocked in the fourth quarter of 2005 in the market value adjusted and variable annuity lines. This unlocking was a combination of a review of assumptions underlying future EGPs (prospective unlocking) and a “true-up” of past EGPs to actual gross profits (“AGPs”) in the DAC amortization models (retrospective unlocking). As a result of these adjustments to EGPs, gross profits recognized in these lines have been lower in 2006 than the gross profits recognized in 2005. DAC is amortized in proportion to gross profits, so decreased gross profits results in less DAC amortization.

Total sales were 188.1% and 85.1% higher for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, than the same periods of 2005. The acquisition of the Chase Insurance Group (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements), and the continuation of new annuity sales through the former Chase distribution system, contributed $151.2 million in fixed annuity sales in the third quarter of 2006. Excluding the impact of the acquisition, total sales increased 83.5% and 50.1%, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 compared to the prior year periods. Sales of fixed annuities (excluding the impact of the acquisition) increased 170.4% and 119.4% for the third quarter and year-to-date, respectively, as a result of higher interest rates compared to 2005 and strong sales increases in the equity indexed annuity product introduced in 2005. A general improvement in the equity markets reduced the net amount at risk with respect to guaranteed minimum death benefits by 28.6%.

 
28

 
Stable Value Products

The Stable Value Products segment sells guaranteed funding agreements (“GFAs”) to special purpose entities that in turn issue notes or certificates in smaller, transferable denominations. The segment also markets fixed and floating rate funding agreements directly to the trustees of municipal bond proceeds, institutional investors, bank trust departments, and money market funds. Additionally, the segment markets guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) to 401(k) and other qualified retirement savings plans. Segment results were as follows:
   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                                           
Net investment income
 
$
80,734
   
$
79,118
   
2.0
%
 
$
245,317
   
$
229,074
   
7.1
%
Realized gains (losses)
   
4,521
     
1,300
           
377
     
4,004
       
Total revenues
   
85,255
     
80,418
           
245,694
     
233,078
       
                                             
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
68,154
     
62,747
   
8.6
     
204,032
     
180,000
   
13.4
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
1,064
     
1,240
   
(14.2
)
   
3,429
     
3,445
   
(0.5
)
Other operating expenses
   
1,087
     
1,388
   
(21.7
)
   
3,283
     
4,003
   
(18.0
)
Total benefits and expenses
   
70,305
     
65,375
   
7.5
     
210,744
     
187,448
   
12.4
 
                                             
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
   
14,950
     
15,043
   
(0.6
)
   
34,950
     
45,630
   
(23.4
)
                                             
Less realized gains (losses)
   
4,521
     
1,300
           
377
     
4,004
       
OPERATING INCOME
 
$
10,429
   
$
13,743
   
(24.1
)
 
$
34,573
   
$
41,626
   
(16.9
)
 

The following table summarizes key data for the Stable Value Products segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Sales
                               
GIC
 
$
107,500
   
$
20,500
   
424.4
%
 
$
265,100
   
$
49,550
   
435.0
%
GFA - Registered Notes - Institutional
   
0
     
300,000
   
(100.0
)
   
0
     
1,000,000
   
(100.0
)
GFA - Registered Notes - Retail
   
54,743
     
20,790
   
163.3
     
108,662
     
149,430
   
(27.3
)
   
$
162,243
   
$
341,290
   
(52.5
)
 
$
373,762
   
$
1,198,980
   
(68.8
)
                                             
Average Account Values
 
$
5,662,236
   
$
5,973,325
   
(5.2
)
 
$
5,829,589
   
$
5,834,429
   
(0.1
)
                                             
Operating Spread
                                           
Net investment income yield
   
5.83
%
   
5.41
%
         
5.73
%
   
5.37
%
     
Interest credited
   
4.93
     
4.29
           
4.76
     
4.22
       
Operating expenses
   
0.15
     
0.18
           
0.16
     
0.17
       
Operating spread
   
0.75
%
   
0.94
%
         
0.81
%
   
0.98
%
     

Operating income declined 24.1% and 16.9% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2005. These declines are due to spread compression of 19 basis points for the third quarter and 17 basis points for the first nine months, combined with a decline in average account values. The primary driver of the spread compression has been increasing short term interest rates, resulting in higher interest credited rates. The segment continues to review its investment portfolio for opportunities to increase the net investment income yield in an effort to maintain interest spreads.

29


Total sales have declined 52.5% and 68.8% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2005. The Company chose not to participate in the institutional market during the first nine months of 2006 and plans to reenter this market in upcoming quarters.

Asset Protection

The Asset Protection segment primarily markets extended service contracts and credit life and disability insurance to protect consumers’ investments in automobiles and watercraft. In addition, the segment markets an inventory protection product (“IPP”) and a guaranteed asset protection (“GAP”) product. As discussed in Note 3 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, on July 14, 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of the vehicle extended service contract business of Western General. Western General is headquartered in Calabasas, California and is a leading provider of vehicle service contracts nationally, focusing primarily on the West Coast market. Western General currently provides extended service contract administration for several automobile manufacturers and provides used car service contracts for a publicly-traded national dealership group. Western General’s result of operations are included in the Company’s and the Asset Protection segment’s results beginning on July 1, 2006.
 
Segment results were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                               
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
104,564
   
$
106,685
   
(2.0)
%
 
$
305,457
   
$
326,906
   
(6.6)
%
Reinsurance ceded
   
(52,775
)
   
(60,661
)
 
(13.0
)
   
(162,165
)
   
(182,196
)
 
(11.0
)
Net premiums and policy fees
   
51,789
     
46,024
   
12.5
     
143,292
     
144,710
   
(1.0
)
Net investment income
   
8,649
     
8,075
   
7.1
     
24,533
     
24,277
   
1.1
 
Other income
   
20,597
     
13,624
   
51.2
     
48,662
     
35,761
   
36.1
 
Total operating revenues
   
81,035
     
67,723
   
19.7
     
216,487
     
204,748
   
5.7
 
                                             
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
26,137
     
27,560
   
(5.2
)
   
71,216
     
83,940
   
(15.2
)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
20,713
     
18,052
   
14.7
     
53,954
     
53,267
   
1.3
 
Other operating expenses
   
48,586
     
16,009
   
203.5
     
88,076
     
48,975
   
79.8
 
Total benefits and expenses
   
95,436
     
61,621
   
54.9
     
213,246
     
186,182
   
14.5
 
                                             
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
   
(14,401
)
   
6,102
   
(336.0
)
   
3,241
     
18,566
   
(82.5
)
                                             
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX
 
$
(14,401
)
 
$
6,102
   
(336.0
)
 
$
3,241
   
$
18,566
   
(82.5
)
 

The following table summarizes key data for the Asset Protection segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Sales
                               
Credit insurance
 
$
41,488
   
$
56,749
   
(26.9)
%
 
$
113,287
   
$
158,276
   
(28.4)
%
Service contracts
   
79,183
     
67,880
   
16.7
     
206,247
     
173,833
   
18.6
 
Other products
   
35,792
     
14,812
   
141.6
     
75,613
     
37,454
   
101.9
 
   
$
156,463
   
$
139,441
   
12.2
   
$
395,147
   
$
369,563
   
6.9
 
                                             
Loss Ratios (1)
                                           
Credit insurance
   
34.7
%
   
37.2
%
         
34.0
%
   
35.3
%
     
Service contracts
   
67.7
     
77.6
           
66.5
     
74.3
       
Other products
   
24.2
     
67.5
           
29.7
     
68.1
       
(1) Incurred claims as a percentage of earned premiums.
 
30


Operating income declined 336.0% and 82.5% during the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2005, primarily due to charges in one of the lines the segment is no longer marketing. On October 18, 2006, the Company announced that third-quarter earnings for this segment would include a bad debt charge of $26.0 million related to its Lenders Indemnity product line. The product guarantees to the lender, primarily credit unions, the difference between a value calculated based on the estimated or actual market value of a vehicle and the outstanding balance of a loan in the event the vehicle is repossessed and sold because the loan is in default. The Company ceased offering the Lenders Indemnity product in 2003. A charge of $1.1 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2006 related to the product line. As previously disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 25, 2006, the current period charge follows the recent bankruptcy filing related to CENTRIX Financial LLC (“CENTRIX”), the originator and servicer of the business, and is the result of the Company’s assessment, based in part on facts discovered by an audit after the bankruptcy filing, of the inability of CENTRIX and an affiliated reinsurer to meet their obligations under the program.

In the short term, CENTRIX is expected to continue to operate as debtor in possession and service the outstanding loans. The Company has increased reserves for the remaining business based on the expectation that the frequency and severity of losses will be greater than previously assumed. These assumptions will be analyzed and updated as the business continues to run off, which is expected to be complete by 2008.

Excluding the impact of the Lender’s Indemnity bad debt charges, operating income increased 90.1% and 63.4% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Earnings from core product lines are up $5.6 million and $12.1 million, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 compared to the prior year, while excluding the bad debt charges discussed above, results from lines the segment is no longer marketing declined $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the same periods.

Within the segment’s core product lines, service contract earnings improved $2.3 million for the quarter and $4.3 million year-to-date. The Western General acquisition completed during the third quarter of 2006, contributed $1.3 million to the quarterly and year-to-date increases. Earnings from other products improved $3.5 million for the quarter and $8.5 million year-to-date, and credit insurance earnings declined $0.2 million for the current quarter and $0.8 million year-to-date. $3.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of the improvement in earnings from other products during the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 are related to the segment’s IPP line. IPP earnings improved due to higher premiums and favorable claim results.

Net premiums and policy fees increased 12.5% for the third quarter of 2006, as compared to 2005 due to a $5.8 million increase in the service contract line ($4.1 million of which was due to the Western General acquisition) and a $3.3 million increase in other products (primarily IPP and GAP product lines). These increases were partially offset by declines of $2.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in the credit insurance line and lines the segment is no longer marketing. The declines in both the credit insurance lines and the lines the segment is no longer marketing are expected to continue as the business-in-force continues to decline. Year-to-date, net premiums and policy fees were relatively unchanged compared to the same period of 2005, primarily as a result of increases of $4.5 million in the service contract line ($4.1 million of which was due to the Western General acquisition) and $8.4 million in other products (primarily IPP and GAP product lines), offset by decreases in the credit insurance line and lines the segment is no longer marketing.

Other income increased 51.2% for the third quarter and 36.1% year-to-date from the same periods of the prior year primarily due to increases in administrative fees on service contracts and GAP products resulting from the increased volume of contracts sold in these product lines. The Western General acquisition also contributed to the increases, adding $1.9 million to other income for both the quarter and year-to-date.
 
31


Benefits and settlement expenses decreased $1.4 million and $12.7 million from the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, respectively. These decreases are the result of declines in the credit insurance and the lines the segment is no longer marketing of $4.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively, for the current quarter and year-to-date, reflecting the decrease in the net premiums in these lines discussed above. The decreases in these two lines were partially offset by higher expenses in the service contract line primarily due to the Western General acquisition in the third quarter of 2006. Benefits and settlement expenses have also been favorably impacted by improved loss ratios, most notably in the service contract and other product lines. Loss ratios in the service contract lines continue to benefit from the segment’s initiatives to increase pricing and tighten the underwriting and claims processes. The decrease in the loss ratio for other products is the result of favorable claims experience, primarily related to the IPP and GAP product lines.

Amortization of DAC is 14.7% higher for the quarter and relatively stable year-to-date compared to the same periods of 2005, reflecting corresponding changes in earned premiums. The increases of 203.5% for the quarter and 79.8% year-to-date in other operating expenses are primarily due to the bad debt charges related to the Lender’s Indemnity product line discussed above. Excluding the bad debt charges, operating expenses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006 are 41.1% and 24.5% higher, respectively, than the same periods of 2005. These increases are primarily due to higher commissions on service contracts and GAP due to increased volume and higher retrospective commissions resulting from improvements in loss ratios, and the Western General acquisition, which contributed $2.5 million of operating expense to both periods.

Total segment sales increased 12.2% and 6.9% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2005. Service contract sales continued to improve in the third quarter, exceeding the prior year amounts by 16.7% for the quarter and 18.6% year-to-date. The declines in credit insurance sales are due to a significant decrease in sales through financial institutions. The bulk of these sales are derived from a third party administrator relationship which is in runoff. We therefore expect these sales to continue to decline during 2006 compared to 2005 amounts. Other product sales are up in both the IPP and GAP lines, with the GAP product accounting for the majority (98.3% for the third quarter and 92.1% year-to-date) of the increases.

Corporate and Other

The Company has an additional segment referred to as Corporate and Other. The Corporate and Other segment primarily consists of net investment income and expenses not attributable to the segments above (including net investment income on unallocated capital and interest on debt). This segment also includes earnings from several small non-strategic lines of business (primarily cancer insurance, residual value insurance, surety insurance, and group annuities), various investment-related transactions, and the operations of several small subsidiaries.
 

32


The following table summarizes results for this segment:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
REVENUES
                               
Gross premiums and policy fees
 
$
9,253
   
$
10,555
   
(12.3)
%
 
$
29,072
   
$
32,079
   
(9.4)
%
Reinsurance ceded
   
(8
)
   
(18
)
 
(55.6
)
   
(19
)
   
(146
)
 
(87.0
)
Net premiums and policy fees
   
9,245
     
10,537
   
(12.3
)
   
29,053
     
31,933
   
(9.0
)
Net investment income
   
31,610
     
43,471
   
(27.3
)
   
86,140
     
100,197
   
(14.0
)
Realized gains (losses) - investments
   
0
     
0
           
13,494
     
5,883
       
Realized gains (losses) - derivatives
   
654
     
2,777
           
2,659
     
9,421
       
Other income
   
2,237
     
3,792
   
(41.0
)
   
8,081
     
10,977
   
(26.4
)
Total operating revenues
   
43,746
     
60,577
   
(27.8
)
   
139,427
     
158,411
   
(12.0
)
Realized gains (losses) - investments
   
(3,929
)
   
2,658
           
5,439
     
5,313
       
Realized gains (losses) - derivatives
   
4,409
     
4,306
           
10,511
     
(34,547
)
     
Total revenues
   
44,226
     
67,541
   
(34.5
)
   
155,377
     
129,177
   
20.3
 
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
                                           
Benefits and settlement expenses
   
20,265
     
17,031
   
19.0
     
37,888
     
40,741
   
(7.0
)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   
813
     
967
   
(15.9
)
   
2,636
     
3,078
   
(14.4
)
Other operating expenses
   
26,597
     
26,343
   
1.0
     
84,321
     
77,331
   
9.0
 
Total benefits and expenses
   
47,675
     
44,341
   
7.5
     
124,845
     
121,150
   
3.0
 
                                             
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX
   
(3,449
)
   
23,200
   
(114.9
)
   
30,532
     
8,027
   
280.4
 
                                             
Less realized gains (losses) - investments
   
(3,929
)
   
2,658
           
5,439
     
5,313
       
Less realized gains (losses) - derivatives
   
4,409
     
4,306
           
10,511
     
(34,547
)
     
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
 
$
(3,929
)
 
$
16,236
   
(124.2
)
 
$
14,582
   
$
37,261
   
(60.9
)

Operating income decreased 124.2% and 60.9%, respectively, from the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, primarily due to a charge of $9.0 million recorded in the third quarter of 2006 to strengthen reserves related to the discontinued Residual Value line. As announced by the Company on October 18, 2006, the reserve strengthening is primarily a result of a further decline in used car prices, approximately 5% in the estimated value of the portfolio of automobiles covered by the Residual Value program during 2006, and an increase in the expected frequency of claims. Operating income for the current quarter and year-to-date are were also negatively impacted by lower net investment income resulting from lower income from participating income from real estate ventures and lower prepayment fees on mortgage loans.

Operating revenues for the Corporate and Other segment are primarily comprised of net investment income on unallocated capital and net premiums and policy fees related to several small non-strategic lines of business. Net investment income for the Corporate and Other segment decreased $11.9 million and $14.1 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, while net premiums and policy fees declined $1.3 million and $2.9 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2005, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. This decline in net premiums and policy fees is expected to continue as the business in the non-strategic lines continues to run off. The $11.9 million decrease in net investment income for the third quarter of 2006 as compared to 2005 is the primarily the result of lower participating income ($4.0 million decrease) and lower prepayment fees from mortgages and real estate ($6.0 million decrease.) The $14.1 million decrease in net investment income for the first nine months of 2006 compared to the same period of 2005 includes a $6.2 million decrease in prepayment fees from mortgages as well as lower income resulting from a decrease in unallocated capital.

The 19.0% increase during the third quarter of 2006 compared to the same period of 2005 in benefits and settlement expenses is primarily due to the $9.0 million charge taken in the discontinued Residual Value line. (A $5.0 million charge was taken in the third quarter of 2005 in this line.) Year-to-date, benefits and settlement expenses have declined 7.0% compared to 2005. This year-to-date decline is the result of declines in all other discontinued lines of business, offset by a year-to-date $3.2 million increase in the discontinued Residual Value line due to the increase in reserve strengthening period over period.
 
 
33


Other operating expenses for the third quarter of 2006 are comparable to the same period of 2005, while they have increased 9.0% year-to-date. The year-to-date increase is primarily due to an increase in interest expense resulting from increased borrowings, including the $200.0 million of 7.25% Capital Securities issued during the current quarter. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for information regarding 2006 borrowings.
 
Realized Gains and Losses

The following table sets forth realized investment gains and losses for the periods shown:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30
     
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
   
2006
   
2005
 
Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
       
(Dollars in thousands)
     
Fixed maturity gains - sales
 
$
31,502
   
$
10,024
 
$
21,478
   
$
54,765
   
$
53,338
 
$
1,427
 
Fixed maturity losses - sales
   
(5,382
)
   
(25
)
 
(5,357
)
   
(26,634
)
   
(6,880
)
 
(19,754
)
Equity gains - sales
   
14
     
26
   
(12
)
   
249
     
1,602
   
(1,353
)
Equity losses - sales
   
0
     
(199
)
 
199
     
(7
)
   
(1,034
)
 
1,027
 
Impairments on fixed maturity securities
   
(5,689
)
   
(4,194
)
 
(1,495
)
   
(5,689
)
   
(4,490
)
 
(1,199
)
Impairments on equity securities
   
0
     
(29
)
 
29
     
0
     
(53
)
 
53
 
Mark to market - Modco trading portfolios
   
55,981
     
0
   
55,981
     
55,981
     
0
   
55,981
 
Other
   
2,219
     
(1,991
)
 
4,210
     
19,796
     
1,487
   
18,309
 
Total realized gains (losses) - investments
 
$
78,645
   
$
3,612
 
$
75,033
   
$
98,461
   
$
43,970
 
$
54,491
 
                                             
Foreign currency swaps
 
$
(175
)
 
$
(14,522
)
$
14,347
   
$
2,386
   
$
(27,982
)
$
30,368
 
Foreign currency adjustments on stable value contracts
   
230
     
14,761
   
(14,531
)
   
(2,113
)
   
28,292
   
(30,405
)
Derivatives related to corporate debt
   
9,784
     
(4,787
)
 
14,571
     
(1,251
)
   
3,710
   
(4,961
)
Derivatives related to mortgage loan commitments
   
(2,128
)
   
17,200
   
(19,328
)
   
17,570
     
(10,732
)
 
28,302
 
Embedded derivatives related to reinsurance
   
(58,240
)
   
(571
)
 
(57,669
)
   
(57,631
)
   
(1,621
)
 
(56,010
)
Other derivatives
   
(4,775
)
   
(4,419
)
 
(356
)
   
(5,724
)
   
(16,394
)
 
10,670
 
Total realized gains (losses) - derivatives
 
$
(55,304
)
 
$
7,662
 
$
(62,966
)
 
$
(46,763
)
 
$
(24,727
)
$
(22,036
)

Realized gains and losses on investments reflect portfolio management activities designed to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities and to enhance long-term investment portfolio performance. The change in net realized investment gains for the current quarter, excluding impairments, reflects the normal operation of the Company’s asset/liability program within the context of the changing interest rate environment. Impairments for the first nine months of 2006 were $5.7 million compared to $4.5 million for the same period of 2005. The $19.8 million of other realized gains recognized in the first nine months of 2006 includes gains of $17.4 million related to real estate investments, losses of $0.9 million related to mortgage loans, losses of $0.3 million relating to short-term investments, and a $3.6 million decrease in the Company’s allowance for mortgage loan credit losses. At September 30, 2006, mark to market adjustments of $56.0 million to the Company’s trading portfolios associated with the Chase Insurance acquisition are also included in realized gains and losses. Additional details on the Company’s investment performance and evaluation are provided in the “Consolidated Investments” section below.

Realized investment gains and losses related to derivatives represent changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments and gains (losses) on derivative contracts closed during the period. The Company has entered into foreign currency swaps to mitigate the risk of changes in the value of principal and interest payments to be made on certain of its foreign currency denominated stable value contracts. The Company recorded net realized gains of $0.1 million and $0.3 million from these securities in the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively. These gains were the result of differences in the related foreign currency spot and forward rates used to value the stable value contracts and foreign currency swaps. The Company uses interest rate swaps to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain Senior Notes, Medium-Term Notes, and subordinated debt securities. Decreasing interest rates during the current quarter caused the 2006 results from these swaps to compare favorably with the third quarter of 2005. The Company has taken short positions in U.S. Treasury futures to mitigate interest rate risk related to the Company’s mortgage loan commitments. The losses from these securities in the third quarter were the result of decreasing interest rates in the current quarter and the net gains from these securities during the first nine months of 2006 were due to increasing interest rates during the first quarter of 2006. The Company is also involved in various modified coinsurance and funds withheld arrangements that, in accordance with DIG B36 (“Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments”), contain embedded derivatives. The losses on these embedded derivatives were due to decreasing interest rates during the quarter. The investment portfolios that support these reserves had mark-to-market gains that substantially offset the losses on these embedded derivatives.


34


The Company also uses various swaps and options to mitigate risk related to other interest rate and equity exposures of the Company. For the third quarter and the first nine months of 2006, the Company incurred a $2.9 million loss and a $2.8 million loss, respectively, on U.S. Treasury options. These losses were due to interest rates not reaching the options’ strike price. Embedded derivatives within annuity contracts for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2006 generated a $3.2 million loss and a $2.9 million loss, respectively. Equity call options generated a net $1.4 million gain and a net $1.1 million gain for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2006, respectively.

Additionally, in the first quarter of 2005, the Company recorded a $7.1 million realized investment loss (derivative financial instruments) related to accrued investment income which arose in periods prior to 2003. The impact had no effect on previously reported segment operating income and no material effect on previously reported net income.

CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENTS

Portfolio Description

The Company's investment portfolio consists primarily of fixed maturity securities (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks) and commercial mortgage loans. Within its fixed maturity securities, the Company maintains portfolios classified as “available for sale” and “trading”. The Company generally purchases its investments with the intent to hold to maturity by purchasing investments that match future cash flow needs. However, the Company may sell any of its investments to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the Company has classified $17.4 billion or 82.2% of its fixed maturities as “available for sale”. These securities are carried at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value, net of related DAC and VOBA, are charged or credited directly to shareholders’ equity. Changes in fair value that are other than temporary are recorded as realized losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company’s trading portfolio, which accounts for $3.8 billion or 17.8% of the Company’s fixed maturities, consists of two major categories. First, the Company consolidates a special-purpose entity, in accordance with FIN46, whose investments are managed by the Company. At September 30, 2006 fixed maturities with a market value of $314.0 million and short-term investments with a market value of $95.2 million were included. Additionally, at September 30, 2006 the Company holds fixed maturities with a market value of $3.5 billion and short-term investments with a market value of $283.1 million, which were added as part of the Chase Insurance Acquisition detailed in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Investment results for these portfolios, including gains and losses from sales, are passed to the reinsurers through the contractual terms of the reinsurance arrangements. Trading securities are carried at fair value and changes in fair value are recorded in net income as they occur. Offsetting these amounts are corresponding changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liability associated with the underlying reinsurance arrangement.

The Company’s investments in debt and equity securities are reported at market value, and investments in mortgage loans are reported at amortized cost. At September 30, 2006, the Company’s fixed maturity investments (bonds and redeemable preferred stocks) had a market value of $21.15 billion, which is less than 1.0% above amortized cost of $20.94 billion. The Company had $3.65 billion in mortgage loans at September 30, 2006. While the Company’s mortgage loans do not have quoted market values, at September 30, 2006, the Company estimates the market value of its mortgage loans to be $3.73 billion (using discounted cash flows from the next call date), which is 2.1% more than amortized cost. Most of the Company’s mortgage loans have significant prepayment fees. These assets are invested for terms approximately corresponding to anticipated future benefit payments. Thus, market fluctuations are not expected to adversely affect liquidity.

35

 
The following table shows the reported values of the Company's invested assets.

 
September 30, 2006
December 31, 2005
 
(Dollars in thousands)
             
Publicly-issued bonds
$19,056,723
69.4
%
$13,665,615
66.8
%
Privately issued bonds
2,089,499
7.6
 
1,804,263
8.8
 
Redeemable preferred stock
85
0.0
 
2,508
0.0
 
Fixed maturities
21,146,307
77.0
 
15,472,386
75.6
 
Equity securities
124,495
0.5
 
121,012
0.6
 
Mortgage loans
3,650,356
13.2
 
3,287,745
16.0
 
Investment real estate
52,263
0.2
 
72,932
0.4
 
Policy loans
835,817
3.0
 
458,825
2.2
 
Other long-term investments
290,304
1.1
 
279,676
1.4
 
Short-term investments
1,377,210
5.0
 
776,139
3.8
 
Total investments
$27,476,752
100.0
%
$20,468,715
100.0


Included in the table above are $3.8 billion and $408.4 million of fixed maturities and $378.3 million and $3.5 million of short-term investments classified by the Company as trading securities at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.

The increase in our investment portfolio during 2006 is primarily the result of the Chase acquisition, which added $7.2 billion of invested assets to the Company’s portfolio.

Market values for private, non-traded securities are determined as follows: 1) the Company obtains estimates from independent pricing services or 2) the Company estimates market value based upon a comparison to quoted issues of the same issuer or issues of other issuers with similar terms and risk characteristics. The market value of private, non-traded securities was $2.1 billion at September 30, 2006, representing 7.6% of the Company’s total invested assets.

The Company participates in securities lending, primarily as an investment yield enhancement, whereby securities that are held as investments are loaned to third parties for short periods of time. The Company requires collateral of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained. The loaned securities’ market value is monitored on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained as necessary. At September 30, 2006, securities with a market value of $255.0 million were loaned under these agreements. As collateral for the loaned securities, the Company receives short-term investments, which are recorded in “short-term investments” with a corresponding liability recorded in “other liabilities” to account for the Company’s obligation to return the collateral.


36


Risk Management and Impairment Review

The Company monitors the overall credit quality of the Company’s portfolio within general guidelines. The following table shows the Company's available for sale fixed maturities by credit rating at September 30, 2006.
S&P or Equivalent Designation
Market Value
Percent of
Market Value
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
AAA
$ 7,563,589
 
43.4
%
AA
1,040,489
 
6.0
 
A
3,190,972
 
18.4
 
BBB
5,173,894
 
29.8
 
Investment grade
16,968,944
 
97.6
 
BB
257,925
 
1.5
 
B
139,435
 
0.8
 
CCC or lower
9,009
 
0.1
 
In or near default
4,314
 
0.0
 
Below investment grade
410,683
 
2.4
 
Redeemable preferred stock
85
 
0.0
 
Total
$17,379,712
 
100.0
%
 

The table above excludes $3.7 billion of investment grade and $20.8 million of less than investment grade fixed maturities classified by the Company as trading securities.

Limiting bond exposure to any creditor group is another way the Company manages credit risk. The following table summarizes the Company's ten largest fixed maturity exposures to an individual creditor group as of September 30, 2006.
 
Creditor
Market Value
 
(Dollars in millions)
Bank of America
$132.9
 
Verizon
119.3
 
Wachovia
119.1
 
Duke Energy
116.7
 
General Electric
114.7
 
Comcast
113.8
 
Citigroup
112.5
 
Goldman Sachs
111.7
 
Toyota Motor Credit
108.3
 
US Bancorp
104.4
 
 

The Company’s management considers a number of factors when determining the impairment status of individual securities. These include the economic condition of various industry segments and geographic locations and other areas of identified risks. Although it is possible for the impairment of one investment to affect other investments, the Company engages in ongoing risk management to safeguard against and limit any further risk to its investment portfolio. Special attention is given to correlated risks within specific industries, related parties and business markets.

The Company generally considers a number of factors in determining whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. These include, but are not limited to: 1) actions taken by rating agencies, 2) default by the issuer, 3) the significance of the decline, 4) the intent and ability of the Company to hold the investment until recovery, 5) the time period during which the decline has occurred, 6) an economic analysis of the issuer’s industry, and 7) the financial strength, liquidity, and recoverability of the issuer. Management performs a security-by-security review each quarter in evaluating the need for any other-than-temporary impairment. Although no set formula is used in this process, the investment performance, collateral position, and continued viability of the issuer are significant measures considered.
 

37


The Company generally considers a number of factors relating to the issuer in determining the financial strength, liquidity, and recoverability of an issuer. These include but are not limited to: available collateral, assets that might be available to repay debt, operating cash flows, financial ratios, access to capital markets, quality of management, market position, exposure to litigation or product warranties, and the effect of general economic conditions on the issuer. Once management has determined that a particular investment has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value.

There are certain risks and uncertainties associated with determining whether declines in market values are other-than-temporary. These include significant changes in general economic conditions and business markets, trends in certain industry segments, interest rate fluctuations, rating agency actions, changes in significant accounting estimates and assumptions, commission of fraud, and legislative actions. The Company continuously monitors these factors as they relate to the investment portfolio in determining the status of each investment. Provided below are additional facts concerning the potential effect upon the Company’s earnings should circumstances lead management to conclude that some of the current declines in market value are other-than-temporary.

Unrealized Gains and Losses - Available for Sale Securities

The information presented below relates to investments at a certain point in time and is not necessarily indicative of the status of the portfolio at any time after September 30, 2006, the balance sheet date. Information about unrealized gains and losses is subject to rapidly changing conditions, including volatility of financial markets and changes in interest rates. As indicated above, the Company’s management considers a number of factors in determining if an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, including its ability and intent to hold the security until recovery. Furthermore, since the timing of recognizing realized gains and losses is largely based on management’s decisions as to the timing and selection of investments to be sold, the tables and information provided below should be considered within the context of the overall unrealized gain (loss) position of the portfolio. At September 30, 2006, the Company had an overall pretax net unrealized gain of $160.2 million.

For traded and private fixed maturity and equity securities held by the Company that are in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2006, the estimated market value, amortized cost, unrealized loss and total time period that the security has been in an unrealized loss position are presented in the table below.
 
 
Estimated
Market Value
% Market
Value
Amortized
Cost
% Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
Loss
% Unrealized
Loss
 
(Dollars in thousands)
<= 90 days
$ 328,086
 
3.8
%
$ 330,556
 
3.8
%
$ (2,470)
 
1.4
%
>90 days but <= 180 days
164,641
 
1.9
 
166,628
 
1.9
 
(1,987)
 
1.0
 
>180 days but <= 270 days
2,315,611
 
27.1
 
2,349,979
 
26.8
 
(34,368)
 
17.0
 
>270 days but <= 1 year
1,949,901
 
22.8
 
1,981,809
 
22.6
 
(31,908)
 
15.8
 
>1 year but <= 2 years
3,530,323
 
41.3
 
3,637,345
 
41.6
 
(107,022)
 
53.2
 
>2 years but <= 3 years
144,625
 
1.7
 
156,095
 
1.8
 
(11,470)
 
5.7
 
>3 years but <= 4 years
100,793
 
1.2
 
108,103
 
1.2
 
(7,310)
 
3.6
 
>4 years but <= 5 years
527
 
0.0
 
609
 
0.0
 
(82)
 
0.0
 
>5 years
20,153
 
0.2
 
24,834
 
0.3
 
(4,681)
 
2.3
 
Total
$8,554,660
 
100.0
%
$8,755,958
 
100.0
%
$(201,298)
 
100.0
%
 

The unrealized losses as of September 30, 2006, primarily relate to the rising interest rate environment experienced over the past several quarters. At September 30, 2006, securities with a market value of $20.3 million and $4.2 million of unrealized losses were issued in Company-sponsored commercial mortgage loan securitizations, including $4.1 million of unrealized losses greater than five years. The Company does not consider these unrealized positions to be other-than-temporary because the underlying mortgage loans continue to perform consistently with the Company’s original expectations.
 

38


The Company has no material concentrations of issuers or guarantors of fixed maturity securities. The industry segment composition of all securities in an unrealized loss position held by the Company at September 30, 2006, is presented in the following table.
 
 
Estimated
Market Value
% Market
Value
Amortized
Cost
% Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
Loss
% Unrealized
Loss
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Agency Mortgages
$2,196,432
 
25.7
%
$2,247,337
 
25.8
%
$ (50,905)
 
25.5
%
Banking
498,403
 
5.8
 
509,888
 
5.8
 
(11,485)
 
5.7
 
Basic Industrial
175,790
 
2.1
 
186,041
 
2.1
 
(10,251)
 
5.1
 
Brokerage
145,942
 
1.7
 
148,765
 
1.7
 
(2,823)
 
1.4
 
Canadian Govt Agencies
10,879
 
0.1
 
11,044
 
0.1
 
(165)
 
0.1
 
Capital Goods
78,786
 
0.9
 
80,283
 
0.9
 
(1,497)
 
0.7
 
Communications
204,492
 
2.4
 
215,932
 
2.5
 
(11,440)
 
5.7
 
Consumer Cyclical
193,072
 
2.3
 
204,864
 
2.3
 
(11,792)
 
5.8
 
Consumer Noncyclical
181,422
 
2.1
 
186,633
 
2.1
 
(5,211)
 
2.6
 
Electric
770,054
 
9.0
 
793,957
 
9.1
 
(23,903)
 
11.8
 
Energy
156,816
 
1.8
 
162,768
 
1.9
 
(5,952)
 
3.0
 
Finance Companies
132,783
 
1.6
 
135,032
 
1.5
 
(2,249)
 
1.1
 
Insurance
182,775
 
2.1
 
187,779
 
2.1
 
(5,004)
 
2.5
 
Municipal Agencies
2,178
 
0.0
 
2,190
 
0.0
 
(12)
 
0.0
 
Natural Gas
379,168
 
4.4
 
397,880
 
4.5
 
(18,712)
 
9.3
 
Non-Agency Mortgages
2,705,772
 
31.7
 
2,728,002
 
31.2
 
(22,230)
 
11.0
 
Other Finance
191,283
 
2.2
 
199,745
 
2.3
 
(8,462)
 
4.2
 
Other Industrial
47,325
 
0.6
 
49,360
 
0.6
 
(2,035)
 
1.0
 
Other Utility
21
 
0.0
 
43
 
0.0
 
(22)
 
0.0
 
Technology
78,588
 
0.9
 
80,796
 
0.9
 
(2,208)
 
1.1
 
Transportation
173,273
 
2.0
 
177,098
 
2.0
 
(3,825)
 
1.9
 
U.S. Government
42,508
 
0.5
 
43,536
 
0.5
 
(1,028)
 
0.5
 
U.S. Govt Agencies
6,898
 
0.1
 
6,985
 
0.1
 
(87)
 
0.0
 
Total
$8,554,660
 
100.0
%
$8,755,958
 
100.0
%
$(201,298)
 
100.0
%
 

The range of maturity dates for securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2006 varies, with 6.2% maturing in less than 5 years, 21.0% maturing between 5 and 10 years, and 72.8% maturing after 10 years. The following table shows the credit rating of securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2006.
 
S&P or Equivalent
Designation
Estimated
Market Value
% Market
Value
Amortized
Cost
% Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
Loss
% Unrealized
Loss
 
(Dollars in thousands)
AAA/AA/A
$6,243,186
 
73.0
%
$6,346,834
 
72.5
%
$(103,648)
 
51.6
%
BBB
2,087,765
 
24.4
 
2,166,064
 
24.7
 
(78,299)
 
38.8
 
Investment grade
8,330,951
 
97.4
 
8,512,898
 
97.2
 
(181,947)
 
90.4
 
BB
104,669
 
1.2
 
110,936
 
1.3
 
(6,267)
 
3.1
 
B
106,007
 
1.2
 
116,364
 
1.3
 
(10,357)
 
5.1
 
CCC or lower
13,033
 
0.2
 
15,760
 
0.2
 
(2,727)
 
1.4
 
Below investment grade
223,709
 
2.6
 
243,060
 
2.8
 
(19,351)
 
9.6
 
Total
$8,554,660
 
100.0
%
$8,755,958
 
100.0
%
$(201,298)
 
100.0
%
 

At September 30, 2006, securities in an unrealized loss position that were rated as below investment grade represented 2.6% of the total market value and 9.6% of the total unrealized loss. Unrealized losses related to below investment grade securities that had been in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve months were $15.2 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position rated less than investment grade were 0.8% of invested assets. The Company generally purchases its investments with the intent to hold to maturity. The Company does not expect these investments to adversely affect its liquidity or ability to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities.


39


The following table shows the estimated market value, amortized cost, unrealized loss and total time period that the security has been in an unrealized loss position for all below investment grade securities.
 
 
Estimated
Market Value
% Market
Value
Amortized
Cost
% Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
Loss
% Unrealized
Loss
 
(Dollars in thousands)
<= 90 days
$ 1,279
 
0.6
%
$ 1,284
 
0.5
%
$ (5)
 
0.0
%
>90 days but <= 180 days
6,142
 
2.7
 
6,601
 
2.7
 
(459)
 
2.4
 
>180 days but <= 270 days
16,923
 
7.6
 
18,458
 
7.6
 
(1,535)
 
7.9
 
>270 days but <= 1 year
29,402
 
13.1
 
31,604
 
13.0
 
(2,202)
 
11.4
 
>1 year but <= 2 years
115,052
 
51.4
 
120,156
 
49.4
 
(5,104)
 
26.4
 
>2 years but <= 3 years
36,770
 
16.4
 
42,807
 
17.6
 
(6,037)
 
31.1
 
>3 years but <= 4 years
130
 
0.1
 
167
 
0.1
 
(37)
 
0.2
 
>4 years but <= 5 years
131
 
0.1
 
162
 
0.1
 
(31)
 
0.2
 
>5 years
17,880
 
8.0
 
21,821
 
9.0
 
(3,941)
 
20.4
 
Total
$223,709
 
100.0
%
$243,060
 
100.0
%
$(19,351)
 
100.0
%
 

At September 30, 2006, below investment grade securities with a market value of $18.2 million and $3.5 million of unrealized losses were issued in Company-sponsored commercial mortgage loan securitizations, including securities in an unrealized loss position greater than 5 years with a market value of $16.0 million and $3.5 million of unrealized losses. The Company does not consider these unrealized positions to be other-than-temporary because the underlying mortgage loans continue to perform consistently with the Company’s original expectations.

Realized Losses

Realized losses are comprised of both write-downs for other-than-temporary impairments and actual sales of investments. For the first nine months of 2006, the Company recorded pretax other-than-temporary impairments in its investments of $5.7 million compared to $4.5 million for the same period of 2005.

As previously discussed, the Company’s management considers several factors when determining other-than-temporary impairments. Although the Company generally intends to hold securities until maturity, the Company may change its position as a result of a change in circumstances. Any such decision is consistent with the Company’s classification of all but a specific portion of its investment portfolio as available for sale. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, the Company sold securities in an unrealized loss position with a market value of $4,420.5 million resulting in a realized loss of $26.6 million. The securities were sold as a result of normal portfolio rebalancing activity and tax planning. For such securities, the proceeds, realized loss, and total time period that the security had been in an unrealized loss position are presented in the table below.
 
 
Proceeds
% Proceeds
Realized Loss
% Realized Loss
 
(Dollars in thousands)
<= 90 days
$3,624,930
 
82.0
%
$ (4,883)
 
18.3
%
>90 days but <= 180 days
323,803
 
7.3
 
(7,045)
 
26.4
 
>180 days but <= 270 days
428,571
 
9.7
 
(11,118)
 
41.7
 
>270 days but <= 1 year
13,558
 
0.3
 
(1,430)
 
5.4
 
> 1 year
29,685
 
0.7
 
(2,165)
 
8.1
 
Total
$4,420,547
 
100.0
%
$(26,641)
 
100.0
%
 

Mortgage Loans

The Company records mortgage loans net of an allowance for credit losses. This allowance is calculated through analysis of specific loans that are believed to be at a higher risk of becoming impaired in the near future. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company's allowance for mortgage loan credit losses was $3.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively.


40


During the first quarter of 2005, Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. (“Winn-Dixie”), an anchor tenant in the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio, declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. At September 30, 2006, the Company had 19 loans amounting to $52.2 million in loan balances in which Winn-Dixie was considered to be the anchor tenant for the underlying property (including 3 loans with balances of $8.8 million included in mortgage loan securitization trusts in which the Company holds retained beneficial interests). At September 30, 2006, the rents from Winn-Dixie represented approximately 45% of the total rents applicable to the properties underlying these loans (including approximately 69% of rents on loans in mortgage loan securitizations). On June 21, 2005, Winn-Dixie announced a reorganization plan that included selling or closing a number of stores that served as the anchor tenant for properties underlying loans in the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio. At September 30, 2006, the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio included 10 properties with rejected leases under this reorganization plan. Within the 10 loans on these properties, the Company has identified one potential impairment, and the mortgage loan allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2006 included $0.9 million related to this loan. The Company will continue to actively monitor these loans and assess them for potential impairments as circumstances develop in the future.

        For several years the Company has offered a type of commercial mortgage loan under which the Company will permit a slightly higher loan-to-value ratio in exchange for a participating interest in the cash flows from the underlying real estate. As of September 30, 2006, approximately $414.2 million of the Company’s mortgage loans have this participation feature.
 
At September 30, 2006, delinquent mortgage loans and foreclosed properties were less than 0.1% of invested assets. The Company does not expect these investments to adversely affect its liquidity or ability to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities.

LIABILITIES

Many of the Company's products contain surrender charges and other features that reward persistency and penalize the early withdrawal of funds. Certain stable value and annuity contracts have market-value adjustments that protect the Company against investment losses if interest rates are higher at the time of surrender than at the time of issue.

At September 30, 2006, the Company had policy liabilities and accruals of $15.7 billion. The Company's interest-sensitive life insurance policies have a weighted average minimum credited interest rate of approximately 3.76%.

MARKET RISK EXPOSURES

The Company’s financial position and earnings are subject to various market risks including changes in interest rates, changes in the yield curve, changes in spreads between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, changes in foreign currency rates, changes in used vehicle prices, and equity price risks. The Company analyzes and manages the risks arising from market exposures of financial instruments, as well as other risks, through an integrated asset/liability management process. The Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures involve the monitoring of asset and liability durations for various product lines; cash flow testing under various interest rate scenarios; and the continuous rebalancing of assets and liabilities with respect to yield, risk, and cash flow characteristics. These programs also incorporate the use of derivative financial instruments primarily to reduce the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk, inflation risk, currency exchange risk, and equity market risk.

The primary focus of the Company’s asset/liability program is the management of interest rate risk within the insurance operations. This includes monitoring the duration of both investments and insurance liabilities to maintain an appropriate balance between risk and profitability for each product category and for the Company as a whole. It is the Company’s policy to generally maintain asset and liability durations within one-half year of one another, although, from time to time, a broader interval may be allowed.


41


Combinations of interest rate swap contracts, futures contracts, and option contracts are used to mitigate or eliminate certain financial and market risks, including those related to changes in interest rates for certain investments, primarily outstanding mortgage loan commitments and mortgage-backed securities, and the Company’s outstanding debt. Swap contracts are also used to alter the effective durations of assets and liabilities and to mitigate the inflation risk caused by the issuance of inflation adjusted notes through the Stable Value Products segment. The Company uses foreign currency swaps to manage its exposure to currency exchange risk on certain stable value contracts denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the European Euro. The Company also uses S&P 500® options to mitigate its exposure to the value of equity indexed annuity contracts.

Derivative instruments expose the Company to credit and market risk and could result in material changes from quarter-to-quarter. The Company minimizes its credit risk by entering into transactions with highly rated counterparties. The Company manages the market risk associated with interest rate and foreign exchange contracts by establishing and monitoring limits as to the types and degrees of risk that may be undertaken. The Company monitors its use of derivatives in connection with its overall asset/liability management programs and procedures.

In the ordinary course of its commercial mortgage lending operations, the Company will commit to provide a mortgage loan before the property to be mortgaged has been built or acquired. The mortgage loan commitment is a contractual obligation to fund a mortgage loan when called upon by the borrower. The commitment is not recognized in the Company's financial statements until the commitment is actually funded. The mortgage loan commitment contains terms, including the rate of interest, which may be different than prevailing interest rates. At September 30, 2006, the Company had outstanding mortgage loan commitments of $1.1 billion at an average rate of 6.25%.

The Company believes its asset/liability management programs and procedures and certain product features provide protection for the Company against the effects of changes in interest rates under various scenarios. Additionally, the Company believes its asset/liability management programs and procedures provide sufficient liquidity to enable it to fulfill its obligation to pay benefits under its various insurance and deposit contracts. However, the Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures incorporate assumptions about the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (i.e., the slope of the yield curve), relationships between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, market liquidity and other factors, and the effectiveness of the Company’s asset/liability management programs and procedures may be negatively affected whenever actual results differ from those assumptions.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

The Company meets its liquidity requirements primarily through positive cash flows from its operating subsidiaries. Primary sources of cash from the operating subsidiaries are premiums, deposits for policyholder accounts, investment sales and maturities, and investment income. Primary uses of cash for the operating subsidiaries include benefit payments, withdrawals from policyholder accounts, investment purchases, policy acquisition costs, and other operating expenses.

While the Company generally anticipates that the cash flows of its subsidiaries will be sufficient to meet their investment commitments and operating cash needs, the Company recognizes that investment commitments scheduled to be funded may, from time to time, exceed the funds then available. Therefore, the Company has established repurchase agreement programs for certain of its insurance subsidiaries to provide liquidity when needed. The Company expects that the rate received on its investments will equal or exceed its borrowing rate. Additionally, the Company may, from time to time, sell short-duration stable value products to complement its cash management practices. The Company has also used securitization transactions involving its commercial mortgage loans to increase liquidity for the operating subsidiaries.

The Company’s positive cash flows from operations are used to fund an investment portfolio that provides for future benefit payments. The Company employs a formal asset/liability program to manage the cash flows of its investment portfolio relative to its long-term benefit obligations. See additional discussion of the Company’s asset/liability program in the “Market Risk Exposures” section.

 
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The life insurance subsidiaries were committed at September 30, 2006, to fund mortgage loans in the amount of $1.1 billion. The Company's subsidiaries held $1.4 billion in cash and short-term investments at September 30, 2006. Protective Life Corporation had an additional $7.5 million in cash and short-term investments available for general corporate purposes.

Protective Life Corporation’s primary sources of cash are dividends from its operating subsidiaries; revenues from investment, data processing, legal, and management services rendered to subsidiaries; investment income; and external financing. These sources of cash support the general corporate needs of the holding company including its common stock dividends and debt service. The states in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are domiciled impose certain restrictions on the insurance subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to Protective Life Corporation. These restrictions are generally based in part on the prior year’s statutory income and surplus. Generally, these restrictions pose no short-term liquidity concerns for Protective Life Corporation. The Company plans to retain substantial portions of the earnings of its insurance subsidiaries in those companies primarily to support their future growth.

Capital Resources

To give the Company flexibility in connection with future acquisitions and other funding needs, the Company has registered debt securities, preferred and common stock, and stock purchase contracts of Protective Life Corporation, and additional preferred securities of special purpose finance subsidiaries under the Securities Act of 1933 on a delayed (or shelf) basis.

Golden Gate Captive Insurance Company (“Golden Gate”), a special purpose financial captive insurance company wholly owned by Protective Life Insurance Company (“Protective Life”), the Company’s largest operating subsidiary, has $250 million of non-recourse funding obligations outstanding at September 30, 2006, which bear a floating rate of interest and mature in 2037. These non-recourse funding obligations were issued under a surplus notes facility established with certain purchasers through which Golden Gate may issue up to an aggregate of $400 million of non-recourse funding obligations through June 2007. The non-recourse funding obligations are direct financial obligations of Golden Gate and are not guaranteed by Protective Life or the Company. The non-recourse obligations are represented by surplus notes that were issued to fund statutory reserves required by the Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Regulation (Regulation XXX). Under the terms of the notes, the holders of the notes cannot require repayment from the Company or any of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than Golden Gate, the direct issuer of the notes, although the Company has agreed to indemnify Golden Gate for certain costs and obligations (which obligations do not include payment of principal and interest on the notes). In addition, the Company has entered into certain support agreements with Golden Gate obligating the Company to make capital contributions to Golden Gate or provide support related to certain of Golden Gate’s expenses and in certain circumstances, to collateralize certain of the Company’s obligations to Golden Gate.

In May 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program, available through May 2, 2007. There has been no activity under this program, and future activity will be dependent upon many factors, including capital levels, rating agency expectations, and the relative attractiveness of alternative uses for capital.

A life insurance company's statutory capital is computed according to rules prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), as modified by state law. Generally speaking, other states in which a company does business defer to the interpretation of the domiciliary state with respect to NAIC rules, unless inconsistent with the other state’s law. Statutory accounting rules are different from GAAP and are intended to reflect a more conservative view by, for example, requiring immediate expensing of policy acquisition costs. The NAIC's risk-based capital requirements require insurance companies to calculate and report information under a risk-based capital formula. The achievement of long-term growth will require growth in the statutory capital of the Company's insurance subsidiaries. The subsidiaries may secure additional statutory capital through various sources, such as retained statutory earnings or equity contributions by the Company.

 
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Contractual Obligations

The table below sets forth future maturities of debt, non-recourse funding obligations, subordinated debt securities, stable value products, notes payable, operating lease obligations, other property lease obligations, mortgage loan commitments, and liabilities related to variable interest entities.
     
Payments due by period
 
Total
Less than
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than
5 years
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Long-term debt(a)
$ 623,045
 
$ 22,191
 
$ 99,986
 
$ 48,205
 
$ 452,663
 
Non-recourse funding obligations(b)
816,406
 
18,125
 
36,250
 
36,250
 
725,781
 
Subordinated debt securities(c)
1,997,758
 
37,147
 
74,294
 
74,294
 
1,812,023
 
Stable value products(d)
6,487,775
 
1,455,228
 
2,259,637
 
1,494,019
 
1,278,891
 
Operating leases(e)
32,086
 
7,430
 
10,908
 
8,161
 
5,587
 
Home office lease(f)
76,743
 
76,743
     
 
     
Mortgage loan commitments
1,117,688
 
1,117,688
             
Liabilities related to variable interest entities(g)
532,982
 
31,050
 
80,197
 
421,735
 
   
Policyholder obligations(h)
18,450,301
 
1,111,442
 
2,150,126
 
2,088,527
 
13,100,206
 
Defined benefit pension obligations(i)
6,800
 
6,800
             
(a) Long-term debt includes all principal amounts owed on note agreements, and includes expected interest payments due over the term of the notes.
(b) Non-recourse funding obligations include all principal amounts owed on note agreements, and include expected interest payments due over the term of the notes.
(c) Subordinated debt securities includes all principal amounts owed to non-consolidated special purpose finance subsidiaries of the Company, and includes interest payments due over the term of the obligations.
(d) Anticipated stable value products cash flows, including interest.
(e) Includes all lease payments required under operating lease agreements.
(f) The lease payments shown assume the Company exercises its option to purchase the building at the end of the lease term.
(g) Liabilities related to variable interest entities are not the legal obligations of the Company, but will be repaid with cash flows generated by the variable interest entities. The amounts represent scheduled principal and expected interest payments.
(h) Estimated contractual policyholder obligations are based on mortality, morbidity, and lapse assumptions comparable to the Company’s historical experience, modified for recent observed trends. These obligations are based on current balance sheet values and include expected interest crediting, but do not incorporate an expectation of future market growth, or future deposits. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the amounts presented could materially differ from actual results. As separate account obligations are legally insulated from general account obligations, the separate account obligations will be fully funded by cash flows from separate account assets. The Company expects to fully fund the general account obligations from cash flows from general account investments.
(i) Estimated 2006 contributions to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan approximate the projected expense to be recognized in 2006. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, this amount could differ from actual results. No estimate has been made of amounts to be contributed to this plan in years subsequent to 2006.
 
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RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
 
        See Note 7 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for information regarding recently issued accounting standards.
 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

A proposal to amend Actuarial Guideline 38 (promulgated by the NAIC and part of the codification of statutory accounting principles) was approved by the NAIC, with an effective date of July 1, 2005. Actuarial Guideline 38, also known as AXXX, sets forth the reserve requirements for universal life insurance with secondary guarantees (“ULSG”). The changes to Actuarial Guideline 38 increase the reserve levels required for many ULSG products, and potentially make those products more expensive and less competitive as compared to other products including term and whole life products. The changes to Actuarial Guideline 38 affect only policies with an issue date of July 1, 2005 and later, and reduce the competitiveness and/or profitability of newly written ULSG products compared to traditional whole life or other high cash value insurance products or other products supported by relatively inexpensive capital (such as reinsurance of redundant reserves). To the extent that the additional reserves are generally considered to be economically redundant, capital market or other solutions may emerge to reduce the impact of the amendment. The ability of the Company to access such solutions may depend on factors such as the ratings of the Company, the size of the blocks of business affected, the mortality experience of the Company and other factors. The Company cannot predict when or if these solutions may become available to the Company. The NAIC is continuing to study this issue and has issued additional changes to AG38 and Regulation XXX, which may have the effect of modestly decreasing the reserves required for term and universal life policies that are issued on January 1, 2007, and later. In addition, accounting and actuarial groups within the NAIC are studying whether to change the accounting standards that relate to certain reinsurance credits, and whether, if changes are made, they are to be applied retrospectively, prospectively only, or in a phased-in manner; a requirement to reduce the reserve credit on ceded business, if applied retroactively, would have a negative impact on the statutory capital of the Company. The NAIC is also currently working to reform state regulation in various areas, including comprehensive reforms relating to life insurance reserves.
 
A recent ruling by the Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”) of the NAIC indicates that certain securities previously classified as “preferred securities” may be classified as “equity securities” in the future. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries currently invest in these securities and if the securities are reclassified, the market value of these securities may be negatively affected and the capital required to hold these assets may increase.

The financial services industry has become the focus of increased scrutiny by regulatory and law enforcement authorities relating to allegations of improper special payments, price-fixing, bid-rigging, and other alleged misconduct, including payments made by insurers and other financial service providers to brokers and the practices surrounding the placement of insurance business and sales of other financial products, as well as practices related to finite reinsurance. Some publicly held companies have been the subject of enforcement or other actions relating to corporate governance and the integrity of financial statements, most recently relating to the issuance of stock options. Such publicity may generate inquiries to or litigation against publicly held companies and/or financial service providers, even those who do not engage in the business lines or practices currently at issue. It is impossible to predict the outcome of these investigations or proceedings, whether they will expand into other areas not yet contemplated, whether they will result in changes in insurance regulation, whether activities currently thought to be lawful will be characterized as unlawful, or the impact, if any, of this increased regulatory and law enforcement scrutiny of the financial services industry on the Company. As some inquiries appear to encompass a large segment of our industry, it would not be unusual for large numbers of companies in the financial services industry to receive subpoenas, requests for information from regulatory authorities, or other inquiries relating to these and similar matters. From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas, requests, or other inquiries and responds to them in the ordinary course of business.

 
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The California Department of Insurance has promulgated proposed regulations that would characterize some life insurance agents as brokers and impose certain obligations on those agents that may conflict with the interests of insurance carriers or require the agent to, among other things, advise the client with respect to the best available insurer. The Company cannot predict the outcome of this regulatory proposal or whether any other state will propose or adopt similar actions.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There has been no material change from the disclosures in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 
(a)
Disclosure controls and procedures

Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“the Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date. It should be noted that any system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain judgments, including the costs and benefits of controls and the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within the Company have been detected.

 
(b)
Changes in internal control over financial reporting

As a result of the recent acquisitions of the Chase Insurance Group and Western General, the Company is in the process of making a number of significant changes in its internal controls over financial reporting beginning in the third quarter of 2006. The changes involve combining and centralizing the financial reporting process and the attendant personnel, and system changes. The Company expects this process to continue as we continue to integrate the new businesses into our existing corporate structure. Except as described above, no changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2006 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting. Our internal controls exist within a dynamic environment and the Company continually strives to improve its internal controls and procedures to enhance the quality of its financial reporting.

 
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PART II

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The operating results of companies in the insurance industry have historically been subject to significant fluctuations. The factors which could affect the Company’s future results include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and the known trends and uncertainties. In addition to other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors and Cautionary Factors that may Affect Future Results” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, or future results of operations. In addition, please consider the following:

The Company’s results may be negatively affected should actual experience differ from management’s assumptions and estimates.

In the conduct of business, the Company makes certain assumptions regarding the mortality, persistency, expenses and interest rates, tax liability, business mix, frequency of claims, or other factors appropriate to the type of business it expects to experience in future periods. These assumptions are also used to estimate the amounts of deferred policy acquisition costs, policy liabilities and accruals, future earnings, and various components of the Company’s balance sheet. These assumptions are used in the operations of the Company’s business in making decisions crucial to the success of the Company, including the pricing of products and expense structures relating to products. The Company’s actual experience, as well as changes in estimates, are used to prepare the Company’s statements of income. To the extent the Company’s actual experience and changes in estimates differ from original estimates, the Company’s financial condition is affected.

The calculations the Company uses to estimate various components of its balance sheet and statements of income are necessarily complex and involve analyzing and interpreting large quantities of data. The Company currently employs various techniques for such calculations and it from time to time will develop and implement more sophisticated administrative systems and procedures capable of facilitating the calculation of more precise estimates.

Assumptions and estimates involve judgment, and by their nature are imprecise and subject to changes and revision over time. Accordingly, the Company’s results may be affected, positively or negatively, from time to time, by actual results differing from assumptions, by changes in estimates, and by changes resulting from implementing more sophisticated administrative systems and procedures that facilitate the calculation of more precise estimates.

Insurance companies are highly regulated and subject to numerous legal restrictions and regulations.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to government regulation in each of the states in which they conduct business. Such regulation is vested in state agencies having broad administrative power dealing with many aspects of the Company’s business, which may include, among other things, premium rates, reserve requirements, marketing practices, advertising, privacy, policy forms, reinsurance reserve requirements, acquisitions, and capital adequacy, and is concerned primarily with the protection of policyholders and other customers rather than share owners. At any given time, a number of financial and/or market conduct examinations of the Company’s subsidiaries may be ongoing. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are required to obtain state regulatory approval for rate increases for certain health insurance products, and the Company’s profits may be adversely affected if the requested rate increases are not approved in full by regulators in a timely fashion. From time to time, regulators raise issues during examinations or audits of the Company’s subsidiaries that could, if determined adversely, have a material impact on the Company.
 
 
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The Company cannot predict whether or when regulatory actions may be taken that could adversely affect the Company or its operations. Interpretations of regulations by regulators may change and statutes, regulations and interpretations may be applied with retroactive impact, particularly in areas such as accounting or reserve requirements. Although the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to state regulation, in many instances the state regulatory models emanate from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). Some of the NAIC pronouncements, particularly as they affect accounting issues, take effect automatically in the various states without affirmative action by the states. Also, regulatory actions with prospective impact can potentially have a significant impact on currently sold products. As an example of both retroactive and prospective impacts, in late 2005, the NAIC approved an amendment to Actuarial Guideline 38, which interprets the reserve requirements for universal life insurance with secondary guarantees. This amendment retroactively increased the reserve requirements for universal life insurance with secondary guarantee products issued after July 1, 2005. This change to Actuarial Guideline 38 also affected the profitability of universal life products sold after the adoption date. The NAIC is continuing to study reserving methodology and has issued additional changes to AG38 and Regulation XXX, which may have the effect of modestly decreasing the reserves required for term and universal life policies that are issued on January 1, 2007, and later. In addition, accounting and actuarial groups within the NAIC are studying whether to change the accounting standards that relate to certain reinsurance credits, and whether, if changes are made, they are to be applied retrospectively, prospectively only, or in a phased-in manner; a requirement to reduce the reserve credit on ceded business, if applied retroactively, would have a negative impact on the statutory capital of the Company. The NAIC is also currently working to reform state regulation in various areas, including comprehensive reforms relating to life insurance reserves. At the federal level, bills have been introduced in the U. S. Senate and the U. S. House of Representatives that would provide for an optional federal charter for life and property and casualty insurers, and another bill has been introduced in the U. S. House of Representatives that would pre-empt state law in certain respects with regard to the regulation of reinsurance. The Company cannot predict whether or in what form reforms will be enacted and, if so, whether the enacted reforms will positively or negatively affect the Company or whether any effects will be material. Moreover, although in general with respect to regulations and guidelines, states defer to the interpretation of the insurance department of the state of domicile, neither the action of the domiciliary state nor action of the NAIC is binding on a state. Accordingly, a state could choose to follow a different interpretation.

The Company’s subsidiaries may be subject to regulation by the United States Department of Labor when providing a variety of products and services to employee benefit plans governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). Severe penalties are imposed for breach of duties under ERISA.

Certain policies, contracts, and annuities offered by the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to regulation under the federal securities laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The federal securities laws contain regulatory restrictions and criminal, administrative, and private remedial provisions.

Other types of regulation that could affect the Company and its subsidiaries include insurance company investment laws and regulations, state statutory accounting practices, anti-trust laws, minimum solvency requirements, state securities laws, federal privacy laws, insurable interest laws, federal money laundering and anti-terrorism laws, and because the Company owns and operates real property, state, federal, and local environmental laws. The Company cannot predict what form any future changes in these or other areas of regulation affecting the insurance industry might take or what effect, if any, such proposals might have on the Company if enacted into law.

Publicly held companies in general, and the financial services industry in particular, are sometimes the target of law enforcement investigations and the focus of increased regulatory scrutiny.

Publicly held companies in general, and the financial services industry in particular, are sometimes the target of law enforcement investigations relating to the numerous laws that govern publicly held companies and the financial services and insurance business. The Company cannot predict the impact of any such investigations on the Company or the industry.
 
 
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The financial services industry has become the focus of increased scrutiny by regulatory and law enforcement authorities relating to allegations of improper special payments, price-fixing, bid-rigging and other alleged misconduct, including payments made by insurers and other financial services providers to brokers and the practices surrounding the placement of insurance business and sales of other financial products as well as practices related to finite reinsurance. Some publicly held companies have been the subject of enforcement or other actions relating to corporate governance and the integrity of financial statements, most recently relating to the issuance of stock options. Such publicity may generate inquiries to or litigation against publicly held companies and/or financial service providers, even those who do not engage in the business lines or practices currently at issue. It is impossible to predict the outcome of these investigations or proceedings, whether they will expand into other areas not yet contemplated, whether they will result in changes in insurance regulation, whether activities currently thought to be lawful will be characterized as unlawful, or the impact, if any, of this increased regulatory and law enforcement scrutiny of the financial services industry on the Company. As some inquiries appear to encompass a large segment of our industry, it would not be unusual for large numbers of companies in the financial services industry to receive subpoenas, requests for information from regulatory authorities or other inquiries relating to these and similar matters. From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas, requests or other inquires and responds to them in the ordinary course of business.

The Company may not be able to achieve the expected results from its recent acquisition.

On July 3, 2006, the Company completed its acquisition from JPMorgan Chase & Co. of the stock of five life insurance companies that manufacture and distribute traditional life insurance and annuities and the stock of four related non-insurance companies. Integration of the acquisition may be more expensive, more difficult, or take longer than expected. In addition, the Company may not achieve the returns projected from its analysis of the acquisition opportunity, and the effects of purchase GAAP accounting on the Company’s financial statements may be different than originally contemplated.

The Company is dependent on the performance of others.

The Company’s results may be affected by the performance of others because the Company has entered into various arrangements involving other parties. For example, most of the Company’s products are sold through independent distribution channels, and variable annuity deposits are invested in funds managed by third parties. Also, a substantial portion of the business of the recently acquired Chase Insurance Group will be administered by a third party administrator. Additionally, the Company’s operations are dependent on various technologies, some of which are provided and/or maintained by other parties.

Certain of these other parties may act on behalf of the Company or represent the Company in various capacities. Consequently, the Company may be held responsible for obligations that arise from the acts or omissions of these other parties.

As with all financial services companies, its ability to conduct business is dependent upon consumer confidence in the industry and its products. Actions of competitors and financial difficulties of other companies in the industry could undermine consumer confidence and adversely affect retention of existing business and future sales of the Company’s insurance and investment products.

The Company’s reinsurers could fail to meet assumed obligations, increase rates or be subject to adverse developments that could affect the Company.

The Company and its insurance subsidiaries cede material amounts of insurance and transfer related assets to other insurance companies through reinsurance. The Company may enter into third-party reinsurance arrangements under which the Company will rely on the third party to collect premiums, pay claims, and/or perform customer service functions. However, notwithstanding the transfer of related assets or other issues, the Company remains liable with respect to ceded insurance should any reinsurer fail to meet the obligations assumed by it. Therefore, the failure of one or more of the Company’s reinsurers could negatively impact the Company’s earnings or financial position.

The Company’s ability to compete is dependent on the availability of reinsurance or other substitute capital market solutions. Premium rates charged by the Company are based, in part, on the assumption that reinsurance will be available at a certain cost. Under certain reinsurance agreements, the reinsurer may increase the rate it charges the Company for the reinsurance. Therefore, if the cost of reinsurance were to increase or if reinsurance were to become unavailable or if alternatives to reinsurance were not available to the Company, or if a reinsurer should fail to meet its obligations, the Company could be adversely affected.
 

49


Recently, access to reinsurance has become more costly for the Company as well as the insurance industry in general. This could have a negative effect on the Company’s ability to compete. In recent years, the number of life reinsurers has decreased as the reinsurance industry has consolidated. The decreased number of participants in the life reinsurance market results in increased concentration risk for insurers, including the Company. In addition, going forward reinsurers are unwilling to continue to reinsure new sales of long-term guarantee products. If the reinsurance market further contracts, the Company’s ability to continue to offer its products on terms favorable to the Company would be adversely impacted.

The Company recently has implemented and plans to continue to implement a reinsurance program through the use of a captive reinsurer. Under these arrangements, an insurer owned by the Company serves as the reinsurer, and the consolidated books and tax returns of the Company reflects a liability consisting of the full reserve amount attributable to the reinsured business. The success of the Company’s captive reinsurance program and related marketing efforts is dependent on a number of factors outside the control of the Company, including continued access to capital markets and the overall tax position of the Company. If the captive reinsurance program is not successful the Company’s ability to continue to offer its products on terms favorable to the Company would be adversely impacted.

The Company’s ability to grow depends in large part upon the continued availability of capital.

The Company has recently deployed significant amounts of capital to support its sales and acquisitions efforts. A recent amendment to Actuarial Guideline 38 increased the reserve requirements for universal life insurance with secondary guarantees for products issued after July 1, 2005. This amendment, along with the continued reserve requirements of Regulation XXX for traditional life insurance products, has caused the sale of these products to consume additional capital. Future marketing plans are dependent on access to the capital markets through securitization. A disruption in the securitization marketplace, or the Company’s inability to access capital through these transactions, could have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to grow. Capital has also been consumed as the Company increased its reserves on the residual value product. Although positive performance in the equity markets has recently allowed the Company to decrease its guaranteed minimum death benefit related policy liabilities and accruals, deterioration in these markets could lead to further capital consumption. Although the Company believes it has sufficient capital to fund its immediate growth and capital needs, the amount of capital available can vary significantly from period to period due to a variety of circumstances, some of which are neither predictable nor foreseeable, nor within the Company’s control. A lack of sufficient capital could impair the Company’s ability to grow.

New accounting or statutory rules or changes to existing accounting or statutory rules could negatively impact the Company.

Like all publicly traded companies, the Company is required to comply with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). A number of organizations are instrumental in the development and interpretation of GAAP such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”). GAAP is subject to constant review by these organizations and others in an effort to address emerging issues and otherwise improve financial reporting. In this regard, these organizations adopt new accounting rules and issue interpretive accounting guidance on a continual basis. The Company can give no assurance that future changes to GAAP will not have a negative impact on the Company.

In addition, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are required to comply with statutory accounting principles (“SAP”). SAP and various components of SAP (such as actuarial reserving methodology) are subject to constant review by the NAIC and its taskforces and committees as well as state insurance departments in an effort to address emerging issues and otherwise improve or alter financial reporting. Various proposals are currently pending before committees and taskforces of the NAIC, some of which, if enacted, would negatively affect the Company and some of which could positively impact the Company, including one that related to certain reinsurance credits. The NAIC is also currently working to reform state regulation in various areas, including comprehensive reforms relating to life insurance reserves and the accounting for such reserves. The Company cannot predict whether or in what form reforms will be enacted and, if so, whether the enacted reforms will positively or negatively affect the Company. Moreover, although in general with respect to regulations and guidelines, states defer to the interpretation of the insurance department of the state of domicile, neither the action of the domiciliary state nor action of the NAIC is binding on a state. Accordingly, a state could choose to follow a different interpretation. The Company can give no assurance that future changes to SAP or components of SAP will not have a negative impact on the Company.

These may not be the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.


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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the quarter ended September 30, 2006, the Company issued no securities in transactions which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”).

Item 6. Exhibits

       
 
     
 
       
 
       
 
 
 
   
 
       
 
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SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
     
    PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION
     
Date: November 9, 2006   /s/ Steven G. Walker
  Senior Vice President, Controller
  and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Duly authorized officer)
 

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