Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
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☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-36786
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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Canada | | 98-1202754 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of | | (I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization) | | Identification No.) |
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226 Wyecroft Road Oakville, Ontario | | L6K 3X7 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(905) 845-6511
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one);
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Large accelerated filer | | ☒ | | Accelerated filer | | ☐ |
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Non-accelerated filer | | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | | Smaller reporting company | | ☐ |
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Emerging growth company ☐ |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
As of April 19, 2018, there were 249,161,445 common shares of the Registrant outstanding.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item 1. | | |
Item 2. | | |
Item 3. | | |
Item 4. | | |
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Item 5. | | |
Item 6. | | |
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PART I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except share data)
(Unaudited)
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| | | | | | | |
| As of |
| March 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
ASSETS | | | |
Current assets: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 852.4 |
| | $ | 1,097.4 |
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Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $19.5 and $16.4, respectively | 467.6 |
| | 488.8 |
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Inventories, net | 74.6 |
| | 78.0 |
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Prepaids and other current assets | 87.8 |
| | 85.4 |
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Total current assets | 1,482.4 |
| | 1,749.6 |
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Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $651.7 and $623.3, respectively | 2,072.7 |
| | 2,133.3 |
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Intangible assets, net | 10,904.6 |
| | 11,062.2 |
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Goodwill | 5,693.5 |
| | 5,782.3 |
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Net investment in property leased to franchisees | 66.9 |
| | 71.3 |
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Other assets, net | 539.4 |
| | 424.8 |
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Total assets | $ | 20,759.5 |
| | $ | 21,223.5 |
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LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | |
Accounts and drafts payable | $ | 416.4 |
| | $ | 496.2 |
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Other accrued liabilities | 636.6 |
| | 865.7 |
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Gift card liability | 107.3 |
| | 214.9 |
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Current portion of long term debt and capital leases | 78.8 |
| | 78.2 |
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Total current liabilities | 1,239.1 |
| | 1,655.0 |
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Term debt, net of current portion | 11,788.1 |
| | 11,800.9 |
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Capital leases, net of current portion | 236.6 |
| | 243.8 |
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Other liabilities, net | 1,820.4 |
| | 1,455.1 |
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Deferred income taxes, net | 1,432.9 |
| | 1,508.1 |
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Total liabilities | 16,517.1 |
| | 16,662.9 |
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Shareholders’ equity: | | | |
Common shares, no par value; unlimited shares authorized at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 249,101,633 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018; 243,899,476 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 2,096.6 |
| | 2,051.5 |
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Retained earnings | 553.9 |
| | 650.6 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (572.5 | ) | | (475.7 | ) |
Total Restaurant Brands International Inc. shareholders’ equity | 2,078.0 |
| | 2,226.4 |
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Noncontrolling interests | 2,164.4 |
| | 2,334.2 |
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Total shareholders’ equity | 4,242.4 |
| | 4,560.6 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 20,759.5 |
| | $ | 21,223.5 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Revenues: | | | |
Sales | $ | 547.8 |
| | $ | 550.4 |
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Franchise and property revenues (Note 4) | 706.0 |
| | 450.2 |
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Total revenues | 1,253.8 |
| | 1,000.6 |
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Operating costs and expenses: | | | |
Cost of sales | 429.1 |
| | 423.4 |
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Franchise and property expenses | 104.4 |
| | 111.0 |
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Selling, general and administrative expenses (Note 4) | 301.3 |
| | 121.9 |
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(Income) loss from equity method investments | (14.3 | ) | | (5.7 | ) |
Other operating expenses (income), net | 12.7 |
| | 13.8 |
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Total operating costs and expenses | 833.2 |
| | 664.4 |
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Income from operations | 420.6 |
| | 336.2 |
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Interest expense, net | 140.1 |
| | 111.4 |
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Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — |
| | 20.4 |
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Income before income taxes | 280.5 |
| | 204.4 |
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Income tax expense | 1.7 |
| | 37.8 |
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Net income | 278.8 |
| | 166.6 |
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Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 11) | 131.0 |
| | 48.9 |
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Preferred share dividends | — |
| | 67.5 |
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Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 147.8 |
| | $ | 50.2 |
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Earnings per common share | | | |
Basic | $ | 0.60 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
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Diluted | $ | 0.59 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
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Weighted average shares outstanding | | | |
Basic | 245.9 |
| | 234.7 |
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Diluted | 473.9 |
| | 476.5 |
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Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.45 |
| | $ | 0.18 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Net income | $ | 278.8 |
| | $ | 166.6 |
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Foreign currency translation adjustment | (215.6 | ) | | 105.8 |
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Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $(8.6) and $10.7 | 2.5 |
| | (43.5 | ) |
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(9.1) and $0.9 | 24.9 |
| | (2.6 | ) |
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(2.1) and $(1.3) | 5.7 |
| | 3.7 |
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Gain (loss) recognized on defined benefit pension plans, net of tax of $0.0 and $0.3 | 0.2 |
| | (0.3 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (182.3 | ) | | 63.1 |
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Comprehensive income (loss) | 96.5 |
| | 229.7 |
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Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 45.4 |
| | 79.9 |
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Comprehensive income attributable to preferred shareholders | — |
| | 67.5 |
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Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | 51.1 |
| | $ | 82.3 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares)
(Unaudited)
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| Issued Common Shares | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Noncontrolling Interest | | Total |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | |
Balances at December 31, 2017 | 243,899,476 |
| | $ | 2,051.5 |
| | $ | 650.6 |
| | $ | (475.7 | ) | | $ | 2,334.2 |
| | $ | 4,560.6 |
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Cumulative effect adjustment (Note 4) | — |
| | — |
| | (132.0 | ) | | — |
| | (117.8 | ) | | (249.8 | ) |
Stock option exercises | 5,058,992 |
| | 25.2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 25.2 |
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Share-based compensation | — |
| | 13.6 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 13.6 |
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Issuance of shares | 113,733 |
| | 5.5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5.5 |
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Dividends declared on common shares | — |
| | — |
| | (112.1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (112.1 | ) |
Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — |
| | 0.4 |
| | (0.4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
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Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units (Note 11) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (98.0 | ) | | (98.0 | ) |
Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | 29,432 |
| | 0.4 |
| | — |
| | (0.1 | ) | | (0.3 | ) | | — |
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Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.9 |
| | 0.9 |
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Net income | — |
| | — |
| | 147.8 |
| | — |
| | 131.0 |
| | 278.8 |
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Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (96.7 | ) | | (85.6 | ) | | (182.3 | ) |
Balances at March 31, 2018 | 249,101,633 |
| | $ | 2,096.6 |
| | $ | 553.9 |
| | $ | (572.5 | ) | | $ | 2,164.4 |
| | $ | 4,242.4 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
Net income | $ | 278.8 |
| | $ | 166.6 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities: | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 47.0 |
| | 43.4 |
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Premiums paid and non-cash loss on early extinguishment of debt | — |
| | 17.9 |
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Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | 7.2 |
| | 8.5 |
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(Income) loss from equity method investments | (14.3 | ) | | (5.7 | ) |
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions | 16.4 |
| | 10.4 |
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Net losses on derivatives | 1.9 |
| | 5.8 |
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Share-based compensation expense | 13.3 |
| | 16.5 |
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Deferred income taxes | (19.0 | ) | | 15.3 |
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Other | 3.7 |
| | 3.6 |
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Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions: | | | |
Accounts and notes receivable | 15.4 |
| | 47.8 |
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Inventories and prepaids and other current assets | (7.0 | ) | | 7.8 |
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Accounts and drafts payable | (72.8 | ) | | 38.9 |
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Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability | (374.7 | ) | | (82.6 | ) |
Other long-term assets and liabilities | (6.9 | ) | | (5.3 | ) |
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities | (111.0 | ) | | 288.9 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
Payments for property and equipment | (7.0 | ) | | (4.1 | ) |
Proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | 1.6 |
| | 6.8 |
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Net payment for purchase of Popeyes, net of cash acquired | — |
| | (1,635.9 | ) |
Return of investment on direct financing leases | 4.2 |
| | 4.1 |
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Settlement/sale of derivatives, net | 3.0 |
| | 5.2 |
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Other investing activities, net | 0.1 |
| | (0.8 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | 1.9 |
| | (1,624.7 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |
| | 1,300.0 |
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Repayments of long-term debt and capital leases | (21.7 | ) | | (319.9 | ) |
Payment of financing costs | — |
| | (31.8 | ) |
Payment of dividends on common and preferred shares and distributions on Partnership exchangeable units | (96.9 | ) | | (145.9 | ) |
Payments in connection with redemption of preferred shares | (33.6 | ) | | — |
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Proceeds from stock option exercises | 25.2 |
| | 8.0 |
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Other financing activities, net | (0.6 | ) | | (1.1 | ) |
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (127.6 | ) | | 809.3 |
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Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (8.3 | ) | | 3.3 |
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Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (245.0 | ) | | (523.2 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 1,097.4 |
| | 1,475.8 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 852.4 |
| | $ | 952.6 |
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Supplemental cash flow disclosures: | | | |
Interest paid | $ | 128.9 |
| | $ | 80.1 |
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Income taxes paid | $ | 304.0 |
| | $ | 24.1 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business and Organization
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company,” “RBI,” “we,” “us” or “our”) was formed on August 25, 2014 and continued under the laws of Canada. The Company serves as the sole general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership (the “Partnership”). We franchise and operate quick service restaurants serving premium coffee and other beverage and food products under the Tim Hortons® brand (“Tim Hortons” or “TH”), fast food hamburgers principally under the Burger King® brand (“Burger King” or “BK”), and chicken under the Popeyes® brand (“Popeyes” or “PLK”). We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant, or QSR, companies as measured by total number of restaurants. As of March 31, 2018, we franchised or owned 4,774 Tim Hortons restaurants, 16,859 Burger King restaurants, and 2,926 Popeyes restaurants, for a total of 24,559 restaurants, and operate in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories. Approximately 100% of current system-wide restaurants are franchised.
All references to “$” or “dollars” are to the currency of the United States unless otherwise indicated. All references to Canadian dollars or C$ are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Financial Statements”) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Therefore, the Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 23, 2018.
The Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in other affiliates that are owned 50% or less where we have significant influence are accounted for by the equity method.
We are the sole general partner of Partnership and, as such we have the exclusive right, power and authority to manage, control, administer and operate the business and affairs and to make decisions regarding the undertaking and business of Partnership, subject to the terms of the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of Partnership (the “partnership agreement”) and applicable laws. As a result, we consolidate the results of Partnership and record a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations with respect to the remaining economic interest in Partnership we do not hold.
We also consider for consolidation entities in which we have certain interests, where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary.
Tim Hortons has historically entered into certain arrangements in which an operator acquires the right to operate a restaurant, but Tim Hortons owns the restaurant’s assets. We perform an analysis to determine if the legal entity in which operations are conducted is a VIE and consolidate a VIE entity if we also determine Tim Hortons is the entity’s primary beneficiary (“Restaurant VIEs”). As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of 23 and 31 Restaurant VIEs, respectively. As Tim Hortons, Burger King, and Popeyes franchise and master franchise arrangements provide the franchise and master franchise entities the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, we do not consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of any such entity that might be a VIE.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Financial Statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and related rules and regulations of the SEC requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying Financial Statements and notes to the Financial Statements have been reclassified in order to be comparable with the current year classifications. These consist of the December 31, 2017 reclassification of Advertising fund restricted assets to Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts and notes receivable, net and Prepaids and other current assets and the reclassification of Advertising fund liabilities to Accounts and drafts payable and Other accrued liabilities as detailed below (in millions). These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income.
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| December 31, 2017 | | | | December 31, 2017 |
| As Reported | | Reclassification | | As Adjusted |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,073.4 |
| | $ | 24.0 |
| | $ | 1,097.4 |
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Accounts and notes receivable, net | 455.9 |
| | 32.9 |
| | 488.8 |
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Inventories, net | 78.0 |
| | — |
| | 78.0 |
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Advertising fund restricted assets | 83.3 |
| | (83.3 | ) | | — |
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Prepaids and other current assets | 59.0 |
| | 26.4 |
| | 85.4 |
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Total current assets | $ | 1,749.6 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,749.6 |
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Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts and drafts payable | $ | 412.9 |
| | $ | 83.3 |
| | $ | 496.2 |
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Other accrued liabilities | 838.2 |
| | 27.5 |
| | 865.7 |
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Gift card liability | 214.9 |
| | — |
| | 214.9 |
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Advertising fund liabilities | 110.8 |
| | (110.8 | ) | | — |
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Current portion of long term debt and capital leases | 78.2 |
| | — |
| | 78.2 |
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Total current liabilities | $ | 1,655.0 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,655.0 |
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Note 3. New Accounting Pronouncements
Revenue Recognition – In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a new single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2018. See Note 4, Revenue Recognition, for further information about our transition to this new revenue recognition model using the modified retrospective transition method.
Lease Accounting – In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on leases. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by finance and operating leases with lease terms of more than 12 months, as well as enhanced disclosures, and is effective commencing in 2019. The amendment required a modified retrospective transition approach with application in all comparative periods presented. In March 2018, the FASB approved an amendment to permit a company to use its effective date as the date of initial application without restating comparative period financial statements. We expect this new guidance to cause a material increase to our assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet since we have a significant number of operating lease arrangements for which we are the lessee. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated statements of operations and the transition approach to use. We do not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on our cash flows and liquidity.
Goodwill Impairment – In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify how an entity measures goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. An entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured at the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of a reporting unit; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendment requires prospective adoption and is effective commencing in 2020 with early adoption permitted.
Hedge Accounting – In August 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity's risk management activities and simplify the application of hedge accounting by preparers. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 (the “Adoption Date”).
The new guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow and net investment hedges that are deemed effective. Most notably, for our cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges, the new guidance permits the exclusion of the interest component (the “Excluded Component”) from the accounting hedge without affecting net investment hedge designation. The initial value of the Excluded Component may be recognized in earnings on a systematic and rational basis over the life of the derivative instrument.
Subsequent to the Adoption Date, we changed the method of assessing effectiveness for net investment hedges using derivatives from the forward method to the spot method. We de-designated the cross currency-swaps and re-designated them as of March 15, 2018 (the "Re-designation Date"). As a result of adopting the new guidance and the re-designation of our cross- currency-swaps, we will recognize a benefit from the amortization of the initial value of the Excluded Component as a component of Interest expense, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations rather than as a component of other comprehensive income. All changes in fair value of the instruments related to currency fluctuations will continue to be recognized within other comprehensive income.
The impact of adoption did not have a material effect on our Financial Statements as of the Adoption Date. We recorded a $3.6 million net benefit to Interest expense, net from the Re-designation Date through March 31, 2018 in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the amortization of the initial value of the Excluded Component, as described above. We believe the new guidance better portrays the economic results of our risk management activities and net investment hedges in our Financial Statements.
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects – In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the tax effects of items within accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendment is effective commencing in 2019 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new guidance will have on our Financial Statements.
Note 4. Revenue Recognition
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We transitioned to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), from ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and ASC Subtopic 952-605, Franchisors - Revenue Recognition (together, the “Previous Standards”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance beginning in 2018, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of Previous Standards. The $249.8 million cumulative effect of our transition to ASC 606 is reflected as an adjustment to January 1, 2018 Shareholders' equity.
Our transition to ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. ASC 606 eliminates industry-specific guidance and provides a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that a reporting entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the reporting entity expects to be entitled for the exchange of those goods or services.
Revenue Recognition Significant Accounting Policies under ASC 606
Our revenues are comprised of sales and franchise and property revenues, which are detailed as follows:
Sales
Sales consist primarily of supply chain sales, which represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment to franchisees, as well as sales to retailers. Orders placed by customers specify the goods to be delivered and transaction prices for supply chain sales. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control over ordered items, generally upon delivery to the customer, which is when the customer obtains physical possession of the goods, legal title is transferred, the customer has all risks and rewards of ownership and an obligation to pay for the goods is created. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight for supply chain sales after control of a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment costs and classified as cost of sales.
Commencing on January 1, 2018, we classify all sales of restaurant equipment to franchisees as Sales and related cost of equipment sold as Cost of sales. In periods prior to January 1, 2018, we classified sales of restaurant equipment at establishment of a restaurant and in connection with renewal or renovation as Franchise and property revenues and related costs as Franchise and property expense.
To a much lesser extent, sales also include Company restaurant sales (including Restaurant VIEs), which consist of sales to restaurant guests. Revenue from Company restaurant sales is recognized at the point of sale. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that we collect are excluded from revenue.
Franchise and Property Revenues
Franchise revenues
Franchise revenues consist primarily of royalties, advertising fund contributions, initial and renewal franchise fees and upfront fees from development agreements and master franchise and development agreements (“MFDAs”). Our performance obligations under franchise agreements consist of (a) a franchise license, including a license to use one of our brands and, where our subsidiaries manage an advertising fund, advertising and promotion management, (b) pre-opening services, such as training and inspections, and (c) ongoing services, such as development of training materials and menu items and restaurant monitoring and inspections. These performance obligations are highly interrelated so we do not consider them to be individually distinct and therefore account for them under ASC 606 as a single performance obligation, which is satisfied by providing a right to use our intellectual property over the term of each franchise agreement.
Royalties, including franchisee contributions to advertising funds managed by our subsidiaries, are calculated as a percentage of franchise restaurant sales over the term of the franchise agreement. Under our franchise agreements, advertising contributions paid by franchisees must be spent on advertising, product development, marketing and related activities. Initial and renewal franchise fees are payable by the franchisee upon a new restaurant opening or renewal of an existing franchise agreement. Our franchise agreement royalties, inclusive of advertising fund contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to our performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchise sales occur. Additionally, under ASC 606, initial and renewal franchise fees are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective agreement. Under the Previous Standards, initial franchise fees were recognized as revenue when the related restaurant commenced operations and our completion of all material services and conditions. Renewal franchise fees were recognized as revenue upon execution of a new franchise agreement. Our performance obligation under development agreements other than MFDAs generally consists of an obligation to grant exclusive development rights over a stated term. These development rights are not distinct from franchise agreements, so upfront fees paid by franchisees for exclusive development rights are deferred and apportioned to each franchise restaurant opened by the franchisee. The pro rata amount apportioned to each restaurant is accounted for as an initial franchise fee.
We have a distinct performance obligation under our MFDAs to grant subfranchising rights over a stated term. Under the terms of MFDAs, we typically either receive an upfront fee paid in cash or receive noncash consideration in the form of an equity interest in the master franchisee or an affiliate of the master franchisee. We previously accounted for noncash consideration as a nonmonetary exchange and did not record revenue or a basis in the equity interest received in arrangements where we received noncash consideration. These transactions now fall within the scope of ASC 606, which requires us to record investments in the applicable equity method investee and recognize revenue in an amount equal to the fair value of the equity interest received. Upfront fees from master franchisees, including the fair value of noncash consideration, are deferred and amortized over the MFDA term on a straight-line basis.
The portion of gift cards sold to customers which are never redeemed is commonly referred to as gift card breakage. Under ASC 606, we recognize gift card breakage income proportionately as each gift card is redeemed using an estimated breakage rate based on our historical experience. Under the Previous Standards, we recognized gift card breakage income for each gift card's remaining balance when redemption of that balance was deemed remote.
Property Revenues
Property revenues are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting guidance for leases and are excluded from the scope of ASC 606. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 for our property revenue accounting policies.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial and renewal franchise fees paid by franchisees, as well as upfront fees paid by master franchisees, which are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying agreement. We classify these contract liabilities as Other liabilities, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities between the date of adoption (January 1, 2018) and March 31, 2018 (in millions):
|
| | | | |
| | Contract Liabilities |
Balance at January 1, 2018 | | $ | 455.0 |
|
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year | | (12.2 | ) |
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period | | 14.3 |
|
Impact of foreign currency translation | | 0.6 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2018 | | $ | 457.7 |
|
The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2018 (in millions):
|
| | | | |
Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in | | Amount |
2018 | | $ | 24.7 |
|
2019 | | 32.4 |
|
2020 | | 31.7 |
|
2021 | | 31.1 |
|
2022 | | 30.4 |
|
Thereafter | | 307.4 |
|
Total | | $ | 457.7 |
|
Disaggregation of Total Revenues
Total revenues consist of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Sales | $ | 547.8 |
| | $ | 550.4 |
|
Royalties | 510.4 |
| | 242.0 |
|
Property revenues | 177.8 |
| | 175.0 |
|
Franchise fees and other revenue | 17.8 |
| | 33.2 |
|
Total revenues | $ | 1,253.8 |
| | $ | 1,000.6 |
|
Financial Statement Impact of Transition to ASC 606
As noted above, we transitioned to ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2018. The cumulative effect of this transition to applicable contracts with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018 was recorded as an adjustment to Shareholders' equity as of this date. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to transition to ASC 606, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As Reported | | Total | | Adjusted |
| December 31, 2017 | | Adjustments | | January 1, 2018 |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,097.4 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,097.4 |
|
Accounts and notes receivable, net | 488.8 |
| | — |
| | 488.8 |
|
Inventories, net | 78.0 |
| | — |
| | 78.0 |
|
Prepaids and other current assets | 85.4 |
| | (23.0 | ) | | 62.4 |
|
Total current assets | 1,749.6 |
| | (23.0 | ) | | 1,726.6 |
|
Property and equipment, net | 2,133.3 |
| | — |
| | 2,133.3 |
|
Intangible assets, net | 11,062.2 |
| | — |
| | 11,062.2 |
|
Goodwill | 5,782.3 |
| | — |
| | 5,782.3 |
|
Net investment in property leased to franchisees | 71.3 |
| | — |
| | 71.3 |
|
Other assets, net | 424.8 |
| | 106.6 |
| | 531.4 |
|
Total assets | $ | 21,223.5 |
| | $ | 83.6 |
| | $ | 21,307.1 |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts and drafts payable | $ | 496.2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 496.2 |
|
Other accrued liabilities | 865.7 |
| | 8.9 |
| | 874.6 |
|
Gift card liability | 214.9 |
| | (43.0 | ) | | 171.9 |
|
Current portion of long term debt and capital leases | 78.2 |
| | — |
| | 78.2 |
|
Total current liabilities | 1,655.0 |
| | (34.1 | ) | | 1,620.9 |
|
Term debt, net of current portion | 11,800.9 |
| | — |
| | 11,800.9 |
|
Capital leases, net of current portion | 243.8 |
| | — |
| | 243.8 |
|
Other liabilities, net | 1,455.1 |
| | 425.7 |
| | 1,880.8 |
|
Deferred income taxes, net | 1,508.1 |
| | (58.2 | ) | | 1,449.9 |
|
Total liabilities | 16,662.9 |
| | 333.4 |
| | 16,996.3 |
|
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | |
Common shares | 2,051.5 |
| | — |
| | 2,051.5 |
|
Retained earnings | 650.6 |
| | (132.0 | ) | | 518.6 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (475.7 | ) | | — |
| | (475.7 | ) |
Total RBI shareholders’ equity | 2,226.4 |
| | (132.0 | ) | | 2,094.4 |
|
Noncontrolling interests | 2,334.2 |
| | (117.8 | ) | | 2,216.4 |
|
Total shareholders’ equity | 4,560.6 |
| | (249.8 | ) | | 4,310.8 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 21,223.5 |
| | $ | 83.6 |
| | $ | 21,307.1 |
|
Franchise Fees
The cumulative adjustment for franchise fees consists of the following:
| |
• | A $320.7 million increase in Other liabilities, net for the cumulative reversal and deferral of previously recognized franchise fees related to franchise agreements in effect at January 1, 2018 that were entered into subsequent to the acquisitions of BK in 2010, TH in 2014 and PLK in 2017 (net of the cumulative revenue attributable for the period through January 1, 2018), with a corresponding decrease to Shareholders’ equity. |
| |
• | A $106.6 million increase in Other assets, net for the previously unrecognized value of equity interests received in connection with MFDA arrangements. This increase resulted in a corresponding increase in Other liabilities, net of $105.0 million and an adjustment to Shareholders' equity of $1.6 million for the cumulative effect of revenue attributable for the period between the inception of each such arrangement and January 1, 2018. |
| |
• | A $67.1 million decrease to Deferred income taxes, net for the tax effects of the two adjustments noted above, with a corresponding increase to Shareholders' equity. |
Advertising Funds
The cumulative adjustment for advertising funds reflects the recognition of cumulative advertising expenditures temporarily in excess of cumulative advertising fund contributions as of January 1, 2018, which is reflected as a $23.0 million decrease in Prepaids and other current assets and a $23.0 million decrease to Shareholders’ equity.
Gift Card Breakage
The adjustment for gift card breakage reflects the impact of the change to recognize gift card breakage proportionately as gift card balances are used rather than when it is deemed remote that the unused gift card balance would be redeemed, as done under the Previous Standards. The cumulative effect of applying ASC 606 accounting to gift card balances outstanding at January 1, 2018 is reflected as a $43.0 million decrease in Gift card liability, an $8.9 million increase in Other accrued liabilities, an $8.9 million increase in Deferred income taxes, net and a $25.2 million increase in January 1, 2018 Shareholders' equity.
Comparison to Amounts if Previous Standards Had Been in Effect
The following tables reflect the impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 and the amounts as if the Previous Standards were in effect (“Amounts Under Previous Standards”) (in millions):
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Total | | Amounts Under |
| As Reported | | Adjustments | | Previous Standards |
Revenues: | | | | | |
Sales | $ | 547.8 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 547.8 |
|
Franchise and property revenues | 706.0 |
| | (182.0 | ) | | 524.0 |
|
Total revenues | 1,253.8 |
| | (182.0 | ) | | 1,071.8 |
|
Operating costs and expenses: | | | | | |
Cost of sales | 429.1 |
| | — |
| | 429.1 |
|
Franchise and property expenses | 104.4 |
| | (0.2 | ) | | 104.2 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 301.3 |
| | (190.5 | ) | | 110.8 |
|
(Income) loss from equity method investments | (14.3 | ) | | — |
| | (14.3 | ) |
Other operating expenses (income), net | 12.7 |
| | — |
| | 12.7 |
|
Total operating costs and expenses | 833.2 |
| | (190.7 | ) | | 642.5 |
|
Income from operations | 420.6 |
| | 8.7 |
| | 429.3 |
|
Interest expense, net | 140.1 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 140.6 |
|
Income before income taxes | 280.5 |
| | 8.2 |
| | 288.7 |
|
Income tax expense | 1.7 |
| | 2.1 |
| | 3.8 |
|
Net income | 278.8 |
| | 6.1 |
| | 284.9 |
|
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 131.0 |
| | 2.9 |
| | 133.9 |
|
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 147.8 |
| | $ | 3.2 |
| | $ | 151.0 |
|
| | | | | |
Earnings per common share: | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 0.60 |
| | | | $ | 0.61 |
|
Diluted | $ | 0.59 |
| | | | $ | 0.60 |
|
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Total | | Amounts Under |
| | As Reported | | Adjustments | | Previous Standards |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 278.8 |
| | $ | 6.1 |
| | $ | 284.9 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities: | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 47.0 |
| | — |
| | 47.0 |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | | 7.2 |
| | — |
| | 7.2 |
|
(Income) loss from equity method investments | | (14.3 | ) | | — |
| | (14.3 | ) |
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions | | 16.4 |
| | — |
| | 16.4 |
|
Net losses on derivatives | | 1.9 |
| | — |
| | 1.9 |
|
Share-based compensation expense | | 13.3 |
| | — |
| | 13.3 |
|
Deferred income taxes | | (19.0 | ) | | 2.1 |
| | (16.9 | ) |
Other | | 3.7 |
| | — |
| | 3.7 |
|
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | |
Accounts and notes receivable | | 15.4 |
| | — |
| | 15.4 |
|
Inventories and prepaids and other current assets | | (7.0 | ) | | (4.7 | ) | | (11.7 | ) |
Accounts and drafts payable | | (72.8 | ) | | 1.9 |
| | (70.9 | ) |
Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability | | (374.7 | ) | | (0.9 | ) | | (375.6 | ) |
Other long-term assets and liabilities | | (6.9 | ) | | (4.5 | ) | | (11.4 | ) |
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities | | $ | (111.0 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (111.0 | ) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Total | | Amounts Under |
| As Reported | | Adjustments | | Previous Standards |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 852.4 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 852.4 |
|
Accounts and notes receivable, net | 467.6 |
| | — |
| | 467.6 |
|
Inventories, net | 74.6 |
| | — |
| | 74.6 |
|
Prepaids and other current assets | 87.8 |
| | 27.7 |
| | 115.5 |
|
Total current assets | 1,482.4 |
| | 27.7 |
| | 1,510.1 |
|
Property and equipment, net | 2,072.7 |
| | — |
| | 2,072.7 |
|
Intangible assets, net | 10,904.6 |
| | — |
| | 10,904.6 |
|
Goodwill | 5,693.5 |
| | — |
| | 5,693.5 |
|
Net investment in property leased to franchisees | 66.9 |
| | — |
| | 66.9 |
|
Other assets, net | 539.4 |
| | (106.6 | ) | | 432.8 |
|
Total assets | $ | 20,759.5 |
| | $ | (78.9 | ) | | $ | 20,680.6 |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts and drafts payable | $ | 416.4 |
| | $ | 1.9 |
| | $ | 418.3 |
|
Other accrued liabilities | 636.6 |
| | (10.4 | ) | | 626.2 |
|
Gift card liability | 107.3 |
| | 43.6 |
| | 150.9 |
|
Current portion of long term debt and capital leases | 78.8 |
| | — |
| | 78.8 |
|
Total current liabilities | 1,239.1 |
| | 35.1 |
| | 1,274.2 |
|
Term debt, net of current portion | 11,788.1 |
| | — |
| | 11,788.1 |
|
Capital leases, net of current portion | 236.6 |
| | — |
| | 236.6 |
|
Other liabilities, net | 1,820.4 |
| | (430.2 | ) | | 1,390.2 |
|
Deferred income taxes, net | 1,432.9 |
| | 60.3 |
| | 1,493.2 |
|
Total liabilities | 16,517.1 |
| | (334.8 | ) | | 16,182.3 |
|
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | |
Common shares | 2,096.6 |
| | — |
| | 2,096.6 |
|
Retained earnings | 553.9 |
| | 136.6 |
| | 690.5 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (572.5 | ) | | — |
| | (572.5 | ) |
Total RBI shareholders’ equity | 2,078.0 |
| | 136.6 |
| | 2,214.6 |
|
Noncontrolling interests | 2,164.4 |
| | 119.3 |
| | 2,283.7 |
|
Total shareholders’ equity | 4,242.4 |
| | 255.9 |
| | 4,498.3 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 20,759.5 |
| | $ | (78.9 | ) | | $ | 20,680.6 |
|
The following summarizes the adjustments to our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to reflect our condensed consolidated statement of operations as if we had continued to recognize revenue under the Previous Standards:
| |
• | As described above, our transition to ASC 606 resulted in the deferral of franchise fees, recognition of franchise fees in connection with MFDAs where we received an equity interest in the equity method investee, and a change in the timing of recognizing gift card breakage income. The adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to reflect the recognition of this revenue as if the Previous Standards were in effect consists of a $3.9 million increase in Franchise and property revenue and a $1.1 million increase in Income tax expense. |
| |
• | As described above, under the Previous Standards our statement of operations did not reflect gross presentations of advertising fund revenue and expenses. Our transition to ASC 606 requires the presentation of advertising fund contributions and advertising fund expenses on a gross basis. The adjustments for the three months ended March 31, |
2018 to reflect advertising fund contributions and expenses as if the Previous Standards were in effect consist of a $185.9 million decrease in Franchise and property revenues, a $0.2 million decrease in Franchise and property expenses, a $190.5 million decrease in Selling, general and administrative expenses, a $0.5 million increase in Interest expense, net and a $1.0 million increase in Income tax expense.
The transition to ASC 606 had no net impact on our cash used for operating activities and no impact on our cash provided by investing activities or cash used for financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Note 5. Earnings per Share
An economic interest in Partnership common equity is held by the holders of Class B exchangeable limited partnership units (the “Partnership exchangeable units”), which is reflected as a noncontrolling interest in our equity. See Note 11, Shareholders’ Equity.
Basic and diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. We apply the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted average common shares represented by Partnership exchangeable units and outstanding equity awards, unless the effect of their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The diluted earnings per share calculation assumes conversion of 100% of the Partnership exchangeable units under the “if converted” method. Accordingly, the numerator is also adjusted to include the earnings allocated to the holders of noncontrolling interests.
The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in millions, except per share amounts):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Numerator: | | | |
Net income attributable to common shareholders - basic | $ | 147.8 |
| | $ | 50.2 |
|
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 130.8 |
| | 48.5 |
|
Net income available to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests - diluted | $ | 278.6 |
| | $ | 98.7 |
|
| | | |
Denominator: | | | |
Weighted average common shares - basic | 245.9 |
| | 234.7 |
|
Exchange of noncontrolling interests for common shares (Note 11) | 217.7 |
| | 226.9 |
|
Effect of other dilutive securities | 10.3 |
| | 14.9 |
|
Weighted average common shares - diluted | 473.9 |
| | 476.5 |
|
| | | |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.60 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.59 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
|
Anti-dilutive securities outstanding | 5.9 |
| | 3.5 |
|
Note 6. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill
Intangible assets, net and goodwill consist of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of |
| March 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
| Gross | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net | | Gross | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net |
Identifiable assets subject to amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Franchise agreements | $ | 724.7 |
| | $ | (176.5 | ) | | $ | 548.2 |
| | $ | 724.7 |
| | $ | (168.0 | ) | | $ | 556.7 |
|
Favorable leases | 448.4 |
| | (200.8 | ) | | 247.6 |
| | 455.7 |
| | (193.7 | ) | | 262.0 |
|
Subtotal | 1,173.1 |
| | (377.3 | ) | | 795.8 |
| | 1,180.4 |
| | (361.7 | ) | | 818.7 |
|
Indefinite lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tim Hortons brand | $ | 6,574.3 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,574.3 |
| | $ | 6,727.1 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,727.1 |
|
Burger King brand | 2,179.6 |
| | — |
| | 2,179.6 |
| | 2,161.5 |
| | — |
| | 2,161.5 |
|
Popeyes brand | 1,354.9 |
| | — |
| | 1,354.9 |
| | 1,354.9 |
| | — |
| | 1,354.9 |
|
Subtotal | 10,108.8 |
| | — |
| | 10,108.8 |
| | 10,243.5 |
| | — |
| | 10,243.5 |
|
Intangible assets, net | | | | | $ | 10,904.6 |
| | | | | | $ | 11,062.2 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tim Hortons segment | $ | 4,232.0 |
| | | | | | $ | 4,325.8 |
| | | | |
Burger King segment | 615.7 |
| | | | | | 610.7 |
| | | | |
Popeyes segment | 845.8 |
| | | | | | 845.8 |
| | | | |
Total | $ | 5,693.5 |
| | | | | | $ | 5,782.3 |
| | | | |
Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $18.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $17.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The change in the brands and goodwill balances during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was due to the impact of foreign currency translation.
Note 7. Equity Method Investments
The aggregate carrying amount of our equity method investments was $272.2 million and $155.1 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and is included as a component of Other assets, net in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The increase in the carrying amount of our equity method investments as of March 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to the recognition of investments received in connection with master franchise and development arrangements as a result of our transition to ASC 606. See Note 4, Revenue Recognition. TH and BK both have equity method investments. PLK does not have any equity method investments.
With respect to our TH business, the most significant equity method investment is our 50% joint venture interest with The Wendy’s Company (the “TIMWEN Partnership”), which jointly holds real estate underlying Canadian combination restaurants. Distributions received from this joint venture were $2.9 million and $2.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The aggregate market value of our 20.7% equity interest in Carrols Restaurant Group, Inc. (“Carrols”) based on the quoted market price on March 31, 2018 was approximately $105.4 million. The aggregate market value of our 10.1% equity interest in BK Brasil Operação e Assessoria a Restaurantes S.A. based on the quoted market price on March 31, 2018 was approximately $107.6 million. No quoted market prices are available for our other equity method investments.
We have equity interests in entities that own or franchise Tim Hortons or Burger King restaurants. Franchise and property revenues recognized from franchisees that are owned or franchised by entities in which we have an equity interest consist of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Revenues from affiliates: | | | |
Royalties | $ | 68.2 |
| | $ | 38.5 |
|
Property revenues | 8.8 |
| | 6.3 |
|
Franchise fees and other revenue | 2.3 |
| | 5.7 |
|
Total | $ | 79.3 |
| | $ | 50.5 |
|
We recognized $4.5 million and $4.5 million of rent expense associated with the TIMWEN Partnership during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $33.5 million and $31.9 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net from our equity method investments which were recorded in accounts and notes receivable, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss, non-cash dilution gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity method investees and basis difference amortization. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we recorded an increase to the carrying value of our equity method investment balance and a non-cash dilution gain of $20.4 million on the initial public offering by one of our equity method investees.
Note 8. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, net
Other accrued liabilities (current) and other liabilities, net (noncurrent) consist of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| As of |
| March 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
Current: | | | |
Dividend payable | $ | 210.0 |
| | $ | 96.9 |
|
Interest payable | 93.0 |
| | 88.6 |
|
Accrued compensation and benefits | 36.6 |
| | 66.6 |
|
Taxes payable | 112.3 |
| | 401.0 |
|
Deferred income | 28.7 |
| | 42.9 |
|
Accrued advertising expenses | 27.9 |
| | 27.5 |
|
Closed property reserve | 12.4 |
| | 10.8 |
|
Restructuring and other provisions | 11.2 |
| | 12.0 |
|
Other | 104.5 |
| | 119.4 |
|
Other accrued liabilities | $ | 636.6 |
| | $ | 865.7 |
|
Noncurrent: | | | |
Derivatives liabilities | $ | 458.1 |
| | $ | 498.5 |
|
Taxes payable | 478.3 |
| | 495.6 |
|
Contract liabilities, net | 457.7 |
| | 10.0 |
|
Unfavorable leases | 236.9 |
| | 251.8 |
|
Accrued pension | 70.3 |
| | 72.0 |
|
Accrued lease straight-lining liability | 48.5 |
| | 46.4 |
|
Deferred income | 23.6 |
| | 27.4 |
|
Other | 47.0 |
| | 53.4 |
|
Other liabilities, net | $ | 1,820.4 |
| | $ | 1,455.1 |
|
Note 9. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| As of |
| March 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
Term Loan Facility (due February 17, 2024) | $ | 6,372.6 |
| | $ | 6,388.7 |
|
2017 4.25% Senior Notes (due May 15, 2024) | 1,500.0 |
| | 1,500.0 |
|
2015 4.625% Senior Notes (due January 15, 2022) | 1,250.0 |
| | 1,250.0 |
|
2017 5.00% Senior Notes (due October 15, 2025) | 2,800.0 |
| | 2,800.0 |
|
Other | 85.2 |
| | 89.1 |
|
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issue discount | (163.1 | ) | | (170.1 | ) |
Total debt, net | 11,844.7 |
| | 11,857.7 |
|
Less: current maturities of debt | (56.6 | ) | | (56.8 | ) |
Total long-term debt | $ | 11,788.1 |
| | $ | 11,800.9 |
|
Revolving Credit Facility
As of March 31, 2018, we had no amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or share repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125.0 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the
cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit. As of March 31, 2018, we had $4.6 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability was $495.4 million.
Fair Value Measurement
The fair value of our variable rate term debt and senior notes is estimated using inputs based on bid and offer prices that are Level 2 inputs and was $11.7 billion and $12.0 billion at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, compared to a principal carrying amount of $11.9 billion and $11.9 billion, respectively, on the same dates.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net consists of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Debt | $ | 129.4 |
| | $ | 100.0 |
|
Capital lease obligations | 6.1 |
| | 5.0 |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | 7.2 |
| | 8.5 |
|
Interest income | (2.6 | ) | | (2.1 | ) |
Interest expense, net | $ | 140.1 |
| | $ | 111.4 |
|
Note 10. Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The effective tax rate during this period was primarily a result of benefits from stock option exercises that reduced the effective tax rate by 22.7% and the benefit from reserve releases due to audit settlements.
Our effective tax rate was 18.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The effective tax rate during this period was primarily a result of the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions, the favorable impact of our financing structure and benefits from stock option exercises that reduced the effective tax rate by 3.9%, partially offset by non-deductible transaction related costs.
Note 11. Shareholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling Interests
The holders of Partnership exchangeable units held an economic interest of approximately 46.6% and 47.2% in Partnership common equity through the ownership of 217,679,492 and 217,708,924 Partnership exchangeable units as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Partnership exchanged 29,432 Partnership exchangeable units, pursuant to exchange notices received. In accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, Partnership satisfied the exchange notices by exchanging these Partnership exchangeable units for the same number of newly issued RBI common shares. The exchanges represented increases in our ownership interest in Partnership and were accounted for as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, upon the exchange of Partnership exchangeable units, each such Partnership exchangeable unit was cancelled concurrently with the exchange.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table displays the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives | | Pensions | | Foreign Currency Translation | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Balances at December 31, 2017 | $ | 96.8 |
| | $ | (15.3 | ) | | $ | (557.2 | ) | | $ | (475.7 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |
| | — |
| | (215.6 | ) | | (215.6 | ) |
Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax | 27.4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 27.4 |
|
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax | 5.7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5.7 |
|
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans, net of tax | — |
| | 0.2 |
| | — |
| | 0.2 |
|
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (15.6 | ) | | (0.1 | ) | | 101.2 |
| | 85.5 |
|
Balances at March 31, 2018 | $ | 114.3 |
| | $ | (15.2 | ) | | $ | (671.6 | ) | | $ | (572.5 | ) |
Note 12. Derivative Instruments
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, derivatives designated as net investment hedges and those utilized as economic hedges. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Swaps
During 2015, we entered into a series of receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a notional value of $2,500.0 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our senior secured term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") beginning May 28, 2015 through the expiration of the final swap on March 31, 2021, resetting each March 31. At inception, these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value are recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
During 2015, we settled certain interest rate swaps and recognized a net unrealized loss of $84.6 million in AOCI at the date of settlement. This amount will be reclassified into Interest expense, net as the original hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The amount of pre-tax losses in AOCI as of March 31, 2018 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $12.3 million.
Cross-Currency Rate Swaps
To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency rate swaps. At March 31, 2018, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar and the Euro and U.S. dollar that have been designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our equity in foreign operations in those currencies. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The fair value of the swaps is calculated each period with changes in fair value reported in AOCI, net of tax.
We terminated and settled our previous cross-currency rate swaps in June 2017, with an aggregate notional value of $5,000.0 million, between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar. In connection with this termination, we received $763.5 million which was reflected as a source of cash provided by investing activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. The unrealized gains totaled $533.4 million, net of tax, as of the termination date and will remain in AOCI until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations. Additionally, we entered into new fixed-to-fixed cross-currency rate swaps to partially hedge the net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as net investment hedges. These swaps are contracts to exchange quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we make on the Canadian dollar notional amount of C$6,753.5 million for quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we receive on the U.S. dollar notional amount of $5,000.0 million through the maturity date of June 30, 2023. In making such changes, we effectively realigned our Canadian dollar hedges to reflect our current cash flow mix and capital structure maturity profile.
At March 31, 2018, we also had outstanding a cross-currency rate swap in which we pay quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the Euro notional value of €1,107.8 million and receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $1,200.0 million through the maturity date of March 31, 2021. At inception, this cross-currency rate swap was designated as a hedge and is accounted for as a net investment hedge.
The fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps hedging Canadian dollar and Euro net investments utilized the forward method of effectiveness assessment prior to March 15, 2018. On March 15, 2018, we dedesignated and subsequently redesignated the outstanding fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps to prospectively use the spot method of hedge effectiveness assessment. We also elected to amortize the excluded component over the life of the derivative instrument. The amortization of the excluded component is recognized in Interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The change in fair value that is not related to the excluded component is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the foreign subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated. See Note 3, New Accounting Pronouncements, for further information on the adoption of this new guidance.
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
We use foreign exchange derivative instruments to manage the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar purchases and payments, such as coffee purchases made by our Canadian Tim Hortons operations. At March 31, 2018, we had outstanding forward currency contracts to manage this risk in which we sell Canadian dollars and buy U.S. dollars with a notional value of $188.0 million with maturities to July 2019. We have designated these instruments as cash flow hedges, and as such, the unrealized changes in market value of effective hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
Credit Risk
By entering into derivative contracts, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is in an asset position, the counterparty has a liability to us, which creates credit risk for us. We attempt to minimize this risk by selecting counterparties with investment grade credit ratings and regularly monitoring our market position with each counterparty.
Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features
Our derivative instruments do not contain any credit-risk related contingent features.
Quantitative Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the required quantitative disclosures for our derivative instruments, including their estimated fair values (all estimated using Level 2 inputs) and their location on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | | $ | 28.7 |
| | $ | (5.0 | ) |
Forward-currency contracts | | $ | 5.3 |
| | $ | 1.5 |
|
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | | | | |
Cross-currency rate swaps | | $ | 11.1 |
| | $ | (54.2 | ) |
| |
(1) | We did not exclude any components from the cash flow hedge relationships presented in this table. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings | | Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings |
| | | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | | Interest expense, net | | $ | (5.5 | ) | | $ | (5.9 | ) |
Forward-currency contracts | | Cost of sales | | $ | (2.3 | ) | | $ | 0.9 |
|
| | | | | | |
| | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |
| | | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | | | | | | |
Cross-currency rate swaps | | Interest expense, net | | $ | 3.6 |
| | $ | — |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value as of | | | | |
| March 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | | Balance Sheet Location |
Assets: | | | | | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | | | | |
Foreign currency | $ | 4.2 |
| | $ | 0.5 |
| | Prepaids and other current assets |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 4.2 |
| | $ | 0.5 |
| | |
| | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | | | | |
Interest rate | $ | 10.9 |
| | $ | 42.1 |
| | Other liabilities, net |
Foreign currency | 1.2 |
| | 5.1 |
| | Other accrued liabilities |
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | | | | | |
Foreign currency | 447.2 |
| | 456.4 |
| | Other liabilities, net |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 459.3 |
| | $ | 503.6 |
| | |
Note 13. Other Operating Expenses (Income), net
Other operating expenses (income), net consist of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | $ | 1.7 |
| | $ | 2.9 |
|
Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net | (6.1 | ) | | — |
|
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange | 16.4 |
| | 10.4 |
|
Other, net | 0.7 |
| | 0.5 |
|
Other operating expenses (income), net | $ | 12.7 |
| | $ | 13.8 |
|
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.
The current year litigation settlement gain primarily reflects proceeds received from the successful resolution of a legacy BK litigation.
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities.
Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business relating to matters including, but not limited to, disputes with franchisees, suppliers, employees and customers, as well as disputes over our intellectual property.
On June 19, 2017, a claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. The plaintiff, a franchisee of two Tim Hortons restaurants, seeks to certify a class of all persons who have carried on business as a Tim Hortons franchisee in Canada at any time after December 15, 2014. The claim alleges various causes of action against the defendants in relation to the purported misuse of amounts paid by members of the proposed class to the Tim Hortons Canada advertising fund (the “Ad Fund”). The plaintiff seeks to have the Ad Fund franchisee contributions held in trust for the benefit of members of the proposed class, an accounting of the Ad Fund, as well as damages for breach of contract, breach of trust, breach of the statutory duty of fair dealing, and breach of fiduciary duties.
On October 6, 2017, a claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. The plaintiffs, two franchisees of Tim Hortons restaurants, seek to certify a class of all persons who have carried on business as a Tim Hortons franchisee at any time after March 8, 2017. The claim alleges various causes of action against the defendants in relation to the purported adverse treatment of member and potential member franchisees of the Great White North Franchisee Association. The plaintiffs seek damages for, among other things, breach of contract, breach of the statutory duty of fair dealing, and breach of the franchisees’ statutory right of association.
While we believe the claims are without merit and we intend to vigorously defend against both lawsuits, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these cases or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.
Note 15. Segment Reporting
As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization, we manage three brands. Under the Tim Hortons brand, we operate in the donut/coffee/tea category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Burger King brand, we operate in the fast food hamburger restaurant category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Popeyes brand, we operate in the chicken category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (ii) property revenues from properties we lease or
sublease to franchisees; and (iii) sales at Company restaurants. In addition, our TH business generates revenue from sales to franchisees related to our supply chain operations, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing and distribution, as well as sales to retailers.
Each brand is managed by a brand president that reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker. Therefore, we have three operating segments: (1) TH, which includes all operations of our Tim Hortons brand, (2) BK, which includes all operations of our Burger King brand, and (3) PLK, which includes all operations of our Popeyes brand. Our three operating segments represent our reportable segments.
As stated in Note 4, Revenue Recognition, we transitioned to ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance beginning in 2018, while our Financial Statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of Previous Standards. For comparability purposes, we have disclosed 2018 total revenues by operating segment under Previous Standards as well as segment income with a reconciliation to net income under Previous Standards. See Note 4, Revenue Recognition, for further details of the effects of this change in accounting principle on total revenues and net income.
The following table presents revenues, by segment and by country (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 As Reported | | 2018 Amounts Under Previous Standards | | 2017 |
Revenues by operating segment: | | | | | |
TH | $ | 763.5 |
| | $ | 711.8 |
| | $ | 733.6 |
|
BK | 389.9 |
| | 292.8 |
| | 267.0 |
|
PLK | 100.4 |
| | 67.2 |
| | — |
|
Total revenues | $ | 1,253.8 |
| | $ | 1,071.8 |
| | $ | 1,000.6 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Revenues by country (a): | | | |
Canada | $ | 692.4 |
| | $ | 657.0 |
|
United States | 420.7 |
| | 232.4 |
|
Other | 140.7 |
| | 111.2 |
|
Total revenues | $ | 1,253.8 |
| | $ | 1,000.6 |
|
| |
(a) | Only Canada and the United States represented 10% or more of our total revenues in each period presented. |
Our measure of segment income is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, (gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense and (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, as well as other operating expenses (income), net. Other specifically identified costs associated with non-recurring projects are also excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, including fees and expenses associated with the Popeyes Acquisition (“PLK Transaction costs”), and Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the interpretation and implementation of comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted by the U.S. government on December 22, 2017. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of operating performance or the performance of an acquired business. A reconciliation of segment income to net income (loss) consists of the following (in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 As Reported | | 2018 Amounts Under Previous Standards | | 2017 |
Segment income: | | | | | |
TH | $ | 245.2 |
| | $ | 250.5 |
| | $ | 256.2 |
|
BK | 214.1 |
| | 215.0 |
| | 187.1 |
|
PLK | 38.5 |
| | 40.8 |
| | — |
|
Adjusted EBITDA | 497.8 |
| | 506.3 |
| | 443.3 |
|
Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | 15.3 |
| | 15.3 |
| | 18.5 |
|
PLK Transaction costs | 5.1 |
| | 5.1 |
| | 34.4 |
|
Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | 7.1 |
| | 7.1 |
| | — |
|
Impact of equity method investments (a) | (10.0 | ) | | (10.0 | ) | | (2.9 | ) |
Other operating expenses (income), net | 12.7 |
| | 12.7 |
| | 13.8 |
|
EBITDA | 467.6 |
| | 476.1 |
| | 379.5 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 47.0 |
| | 46.8 |
| | 43.3 |
|
Income from operations | 420.6 |
| | 429.3 |
| | 336.2 |
|
Interest expense, net | 140.1 |
| | 140.6 |
| | 111.4 |
|
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — |
| | — |
| | 20.4 |
|
Income tax expense | 1.7 |
| | 3.8 |
| | 37.8 |
|
Net income | $ | 278.8 |
| | $ | 284.9 |
| | $ | 166.6 |
|
| |
(a) | Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income. |
Note 16. Subsequent Events
Dividends
On April 2, 2018, we paid a cash dividend of $0.45 per common share to common shareholders of record on March 15, 2018. On such date, Partnership also made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.45 per exchangeable unit to holders of record on March 15, 2018.
On April 24, 2018, our board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.45 per common share, which will be paid on July 3, 2018, to common shareholders of record on May 15, 2018. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.45 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.
*****
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this report.
The following discussion includes information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws as described in further detail under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth below. Actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please refer to the risks and further discussion in the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). However, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures to assist readers in understanding our performance. Non-GAAP financial measures either exclude or include amounts that are not reflected in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, we have provided the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation to GAAP measures and a discussion of the reasons why management believes this information is useful to it and may be useful to investors.
Operating results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for the fiscal year and our key business measures, as discussed below, may decrease for any future period. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “RBI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” are to the Company and its subsidiaries, collectively.
Overview
We are a Canadian corporation originally formed on August 25, 2014 to serve as the indirect holding company for Tim Hortons and its consolidated subsidiaries and for Burger King and its consolidated subsidiaries. On March 27, 2017, we acquired Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) companies with more than $30 billion in system-wide sales and over 24,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories as of March 31, 2018. Our Tim Hortons®, Burger King®, and Popeyes® brands have similar franchised business models with complementary daypart mixes and product platforms. Our three iconic brands are managed independently while benefiting from global scale and sharing of best practices.
Tim Hortons restaurants are quick service restaurants with a menu that includes premium blend coffee, tea, espresso-based hot and cold specialty drinks, fresh baked goods, including donuts, Timbits®, bagels, muffins, cookies and pastries, grilled paninis, classic sandwiches, wraps, soups, and more. Burger King restaurants are quick service restaurants that feature flame-grilled hamburgers, chicken and other specialty sandwiches, french fries, soft drinks, and other affordably-priced food items. Popeyes restaurants are quick service restaurants featuring a unique “Louisiana” style menu that includes spicy chicken, chicken tenders, fried shrimp and other seafood, red beans and rice, and other regional items.
We have three operating and reportable segments: (1) Tim Hortons (“TH”); (2) Burger King (“BK”); and (3) Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen (“PLK”). Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (ii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iii) sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”). In addition, our Tim Hortons business generates revenue from sales to franchisees related to our supply chain operations, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing and distribution, as well as sales to retailers.
Operating Metrics
We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on the following operating metrics:
| |
• | System-wide sales growth refers to the percentage change in sales at all franchise restaurants and Company restaurants in one period from the same period in the prior year. |
| |
• | Comparable sales refers to the percentage change in restaurant sales in one period from the same prior year period for restaurants that have been open for 13 months or longer for TH and BK and 17 months or longer for PLK. |
| |
• | System-wide sales growth and comparable sales are measured on a constant currency basis, which means the results exclude the effect of foreign currency translation (“FX Impact”). For system-wide sales growth and comparable sales, we calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. |
| |
• | Unless otherwise stated, system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales are presented on a system-wide basis, which means they include franchise restaurants and Company restaurants. System-wide results are driven by our franchise restaurants, as approximately 100% of current system-wide restaurants are franchised. Franchise sales represent sales at all franchise restaurants and are revenues to our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales. |
| |
• | Net restaurant growth reflects the percentage change in restaurant count (openings, net of closures) over a trailing twelve month period, divided by the restaurant count at the beginning of the trailing twelve month period. |
Recent Events and Factors Affecting Comparability
Transition to New Revenue Recognition Accounting Standard
We transitioned to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Our consolidated financial statements for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance, while our consolidated financial statements for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of previously applicable accounting standards.
The most significant effects of this transition that affect comparability of our results of operations between 2018 and 2017 include the following:
| |
• | Franchise fee revenue for franchise agreements entered into subsequent to the acquisitions of BK in 2010, TH in 2014 and PLK in 2017 are deferred and amortized over the franchise agreement term beginning in 2018 compared to upfront recognition in 2017 under previously applicable accounting standards. Franchise fees associated with acquired franchise agreements are not included in franchise fee revenue under ASC 606. Consequently, we expect the impact to be greater in those periods in which more openings occur. |
| |
• | Advertising fund contributions and advertising fund expenses are reflected on a gross basis in our 2018 statement of operations and there may be a difference in timing for recognition of advertising fund contributions and advertising fund expenses beginning in 2018. Under previously applicable accounting standards, our statement of operations did not reflect gross advertising fund contributions and advertising fund expenses and temporary net differences between contributions and expenses due to the timing of expenses were reflected as current assets or current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. |
| |
• | The portion of gift cards sold to customers which are never redeemed is commonly referred to as gift card breakage. Under ASC 606, we recognize gift card breakage income proportionately as each gift card is redeemed using an estimated breakage rate based on our historical experience. Under the Previous Standards, we recognized gift card breakage income for each gift card’s remaining balance when redemption of that balance was deemed remote. This change may impact the timing of when gift card breakage income is recognized. |
Please refer to Note 4, Revenue Recognition, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details of the effects of this change in accounting principle.
Popeyes Acquisition
On March 27, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Popeyes (the “Popeyes Acquisition”). The changes in our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 are partially driven by the inclusion of the results of operations of PLK in 2018. The PLK statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is summarized as follows:
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| | | |
PLK Segment (in millions of U.S. dollars) | Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Revenues: | |
Sales | $ | 20.8 |
|
Franchise and property revenues | 79.6 |
|
Total revenues | 100.4 |
|
Cost of sales | 16.8 |
|
Franchise and property expenses | 2.4 |
|
Segment SG&A | 45.4 |
|
Segment depreciation and amortization (a) | 2.7 |
|
Segment income | 38.5 |
|
| |
(a) | Segment depreciation and amortization consists of depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales and franchise and property expenses. |
PLK Transaction Costs
In connection with the Popeyes Acquisition, we incurred certain non-recurring fees and expenses (“PLK Transaction costs”) totaling $5.1 million and $34.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, consisting primarily of professional fees and compensation related expenses, all of which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We expect to incur additional PLK Transaction costs in 2018 as we complete the integration of the operations of PLK.
Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly revises the U.S. tax code generally effective January 1, 2018 by, among other changes, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting deductibility of interest expense and performance based incentive compensation and implementing a modified territorial tax system. As a Canadian entity, we generally would be classified as a foreign entity (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. However, we have subsidiaries subject to U.S. federal income taxation and therefore the Tax Act impacted our consolidated results of operations in the current period, and is expected to continue to impact our consolidated results of operations in future periods.
Also on December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides that companies (i) should record the effects of the changes from the Tax Act for which accounting is complete (not provisional), (ii) should record provisional amounts for the effects of the changes from the Tax Act for which accounting is not complete, and for which reasonable estimates can be determined, in the period they are identified, and (iii) should not record provisional amounts if reasonable estimates cannot be made for the effects of the changes from the Tax Act, and should continue to apply guidance based on the tax law in effect prior to the enactment on December 22, 2017. In addition, SAB 118 established a one-year measurement period (through December 22, 2018) where a provisional amount could be subject to adjustment, and requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures related to provisional amounts and accounting during the measurement period.
We recorded $7.1 million of costs associated with corporate restructuring initiatives and professional advisory and consulting services related to the interpretation and implementation of the Tax Act (“Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees”) during the three months ended March 31, 2018. We expect to continue to incur additional Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the Tax Act in 2018.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Tabular amounts in millions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | Three Months Ended March 31, | | Variance | | FX Impact (b) | | Variance Excluding FX Impact |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | Favorable / (Unfavorable) |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Sales | $ | 547.8 |
| | $ | 550.4 |
| | $ | (2.6 | ) | | $ | 21.7 |
| | $ | (24.3 | ) |
Franchise and property revenues | 706.0 |
| | 450.2 |
| | 255.8 |
| | 15.9 |
| | 239.9 |
|
Total revenues | 1,253.8 |
| | 1,000.6 |
| | 253.2 |
| | 37.6 |
| | 215.6 |
|
Operating costs and expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of sales | 429.1 |
| | 423.4 |
| | (5.7 | ) | | (16.6 | ) | | 10.9 |
|
Franchise and property expenses | 104.4 |
| | 111.0 |
| | 6.6 |
| | (3.9 | ) | | 10.5 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 301.3 |
| | 121.9 |
| | (179.4 | ) | | (2.8 | ) | | (176.6 | ) |
(Income) loss from equity method investments | (14.3 | ) | | (5.7 | ) | | 8.6 |
| | (0.1 | ) | | 8.7 |
|
Other operating expenses (income), net | 12.7 |
| |