FreeSeas Inc.
Filed
Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Registration
Nos. 333-145203
and 333-146920
PROSPECTUS
FREESEAS
INC.
11,000,000
Shares of Common Stock
We are offering
11,000,000 shares of our common stock. Our common stock is
currently quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol
FREE. On October 24, 2007, the closing price of
our common stock was $9.30 per share. We have applied to have
our common stock and warrants listed on the NASDAQ Global Market
upon completion of this offering.
Investing in our
common stock involves a high degree of risk. See Risk
Factors beginning on page 13 to read about the risks
you should consider before buying shares of our common
stock.
Neither the
Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Per
Share
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Total
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Public offering price
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$
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8.25
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$
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90,750,000
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Underwriting discounts and commissions
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$
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0.5775
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$
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6,352,500
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Proceeds to us, before expenses
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$
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7.6725
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$
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84,397,500
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The underwriters
have a
30-day
option to purchase up to 1,650,000 additional shares of our
common stock from us to cover any over-allotments, if any, at
the offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.
The underwriters
expect to deliver the shares to purchasers on or about
October 30, 2007.
The date of this
prospectus is October 25, 2007
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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Page
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ii
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123
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124
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F-1
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We have not authorized anyone to give any information or to
make any representations other than those contained in this
prospectus. Do not rely upon any information or representations
made outside of this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer
to sell, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy (1) any
securities other than shares of our common stock or
(2) shares of our common stock in any circumstances in
which our offer or solicitation is unlawful. The information
contained in this prospectus may change after the date of this
prospectus. Do not assume after the date of this prospectus that
the information contained in this prospectus is still
correct.
i
ENFORCEABILITY
OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a Marshall Islands company and our executive offices are
located outside of the United States of America in Piraeus,
Greece. All except one of our directors, all of our officers and
some of the experts named herein reside outside the United
States of America. In addition, a substantial portion of our
assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are
located outside of the United States of America. As a result,
you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United
States of America upon us or any of these persons. You may also
have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States
of America, judgments you may obtain in United States of America
courts against us or these persons in any action, including
actions based upon the civil liability provisions of United
States of America federal or state securities laws. Furthermore,
there is substantial doubt that the courts of the Republic of
the Marshall Islands or Greece would enter judgments in original
actions brought in those courts predicated on United States of
America federal or state securities laws.
ii
This section summarizes some of the information and
consolidated financial statements that appear later in this
prospectus. As an investor or prospective investor, you should
review carefully the risk factors and the more detailed
information and financial statements that appear later in this
prospectus. In this prospectus, references to
FreeSeas, Company, we,
our, ours and us refer to
FreeSeas Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated or
the context requires.
We use the term deadweight tons, or dwt, in
describing the capacity of our drybulk carriers. Dwt, expressed
in metric tons, each of which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms,
refers to the maximum weight of cargo and supplies that a vessel
can carry. For the definition of certain shipping terms used in
this prospectus, see the Glossary of Shipping Terms
on page 124 of this prospectus. Drybulk carriers are
categorized as Handysize, Handymax, Panamax and Capesize. The
carrying capacity of a Handysize drybulk carrier ranges from
10,000 to 39,999 dwt and that of a Handymax drybulk carrier
ranges from 40,000 to 59,999 dwt. By comparison, the carrying
capacity of a Panamax drybulk carrier ranges from 60,000 to
79,999 dwt and the carrying capacity of a Capesize drybulk
carrier is 80,000 dwt and above.
Unless otherwise indicated, information presented in this
prospectus assumes that the underwriters will not exercise their
option to purchase additional shares. All references to
$ and dollars in this prospectus refer
to U.S. dollars.
Our
Company
We are an international drybulk shipping company incorporated on
April 23, 2004 under the laws of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands with headquarters in Piraeus, Greece. We are
currently focusing on the Handysize and Handymax sectors, which
we believe will enable us to transport a wider variety of
cargoes and pursue a greater number of chartering opportunities
than if we owned larger vessels. We may, however, acquire larger
drybulk vessels if market conditions warrant.
Our existing fleet consists of three Handysize vessels and one
Handymax vessel that carry a variety of drybulk commodities,
including coal, grains, and iron ore which are referred to as
major bulks, as well as bauxite, phosphate,
fertilizers, steel products, sugar and rice, or minor
bulks. In order to expand and renew our fleet, on
May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement to
purchase from unaffiliated parties the M/V Free Hero, a
1995-built secondhand Handysize vessel that was delivered on
July 3, 2007, and the M/V Free Jupiter, a 2002-built
secondhand Handymax vessel that was delivered on
September 5, 2007, for a total purchase price of
$72.25 million. On August 20, 2007, we entered into
another memorandum of agreement to purchase from an unaffiliated
third party the
M/V Free
Goddess, a 1995-built secondhand Handysize vessel that we
expect to be delivered prior to the closing of this offering for
a total purchase price of $25.20 million. We refer to the
M/V Free Goddess together with our existing vessels, the
M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free Envoy, the M/V
Free Hero and the
M/V Free
Jupiter, as our fleet.
As a result of the acquisition of the M/V Free Hero, the
M/V Free Jupiter and upon the acquisition of the M/V
Free Goddess, we will increase the aggregate dwt of our
fleet to approximately 146,000 dwt, increase the book value of
our fleet to approximately $107.8 million, and reduce the
average age of our fleet to approximately 16 years.
We contract the management of our fleet to Free Bulkers, S.A.,
or Free Bulkers, a company owned by Ion G. Varouxakis, our
chairman, chief executive officer and president. Free Bulkers
will provide technical management of our fleet, accounting
services and office space and has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk Pty Ltd., or
Safbulk, a company controlled by the Restis family. We believe
that Safbulk has achieved a strong reputation in the
international shipping industry for efficiency and reliability
that should create new employment opportunities for us with a
variety of well known charterers. While Safbulk is responsible
for finding and arranging charters for our vessels, the final
decision to charter our vessels remains with us.
1
Following the completion of this offering, we intend to
distribute a portion of our available cash from operations as
quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders in February, May,
August and November of each year. We currently expect that we
will pay a dividend in February 2008 of $0.175 per share for the
2007 fiscal year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per
share in each of the following three quarters. See
Forward-Looking Statements.
Our
Fleet
The following table details the vessels in our fleet:
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Year
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Vessel
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Purchase
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Delivery
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Vessel Name
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Dwt
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Built
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Type
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Employment
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Price
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Date
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Owned
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Free Envoy
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26,318
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1984
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Handysize
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One-year time charter through April 2008 at $17,000 per day
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$9.50 million
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September 20, 2004
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Free Destiny
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25,240
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1982
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Handysize
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70-day time charter at $28,000 per day
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$7.60 million
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August 3, 2004
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Free Hero
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24,318
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1995
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Handysize
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Balance of time charter through December 2008/February 2009 at
$14,500 per day
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$25.25 million
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July 3, 2007
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Free Jupiter
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47,777
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2002
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Handymax
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Initial one-trip time charter with approximately seven days
remaining at $43,000 per day followed by an unscheduled
dry-docking to complete repairs; thereafter to be delivered to a
new charterer under a three-year time charter at $32,000 per day
for first year, $28,000 per day for second year, and $24,000 per
day for third year
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$47.00 million
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September 5, 2007
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Acquisition Pending
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Free Goddess
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22,051
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1995
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Handysize
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Two-month time charter at $13,000 per day; thereafter a two-year
time charter at $19,250 per day
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$25.20 million
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Expected late October 2007
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One of our vessels, the M/V Free Jupiter, ran aground off
the coast of the Philippines on September 21, 2007.
Operations to re-float the vessel have been completed. The M/V
Free Jupiter was employed under a one-trip time charter
with approximately seven days remaining at the time of the
grounding incident. We currently anticipate that this time
charter will resume upon completion of temporary repairs.
Following completion of this time charter, the vessel will
undergo an unscheduled dry-docking to complete permanent
repairs. The vessel will be out of service during this
dry-docking, which will delay the commencement of its subsequent
three-year time charter. Based on information available to us at
the present time, we currently estimate that the vessel will be
out of service until approximately the end of November 2007,
although the repair period could be longer. We have notified the
charterer of the delay and it has agreed to an extension of the
charter cancellation date until November 30, 2007. If the
vessels repairs require longer to complete, we have
advised the charterer that we will request a further extension
from it. We expect that the vessels insurance will cover
the vessels repairs and related expenses, less applicable
deductibles. We do not have insurance for loss of hire that will
cover this incident, so we will experience a loss of income
during the period that the vessel is out of service.
2
Our
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess the following competitive strengths:
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Experienced Management Team. Our management
team has significant experience in commercial, technical,
operational and financial areas of our business and has
developed relationships with leading charterers, ship brokers
and financial institutions. Since 1997, Ion G. Varouxakis, our
chairman, chief executive officer and president has served in
various management roles for shipping companies in the drybulk
sector. Dimitris Papadopoulos, who became our chief financial
officer in May 2007, served from 1975 to 1991 as financial and
administrative vice president in charge of, among other things,
the shipping interests of the owners of Archirodon Group, Inc.
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Affiliation with Leading Shipping Group. In
January 2007, FS Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by the
Restis family, acquired a 37.4% interest (including shares
underlying warrants) in our company. The Restis family has been
engaged in the international shipping industry for more than
40 years and their interests include ownership and
operation of more than 60 vessels in several segments of
the shipping industry, as well as cargo and chartering
interests. The Restis family group is regarded as one of the
largest independent ship-owning and management groups in the
shipping industry. Our management believes that affiliation with
and access to the resources of companies controlled by the
Restis family commercially enhances the operations of our fleet,
our ability to obtain employment for our vessels and our ability
to obtain more favorable financing.
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Strong Customer Relationships. Through Free
Bulkers, our ship management company, and Safbulk, a Restis
family controlled management company, we have established
customer relationships with leading charterers around the world,
such as major international industrial companies, commodity
producers and traders and a number of chartering brokerage
houses. Free Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk. We believe that
the established customer base and the reputation of our fleet
managers will enable us to secure favorable employment for our
vessels with well known charterers.
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Strong Balance Sheet with a Moderate Level of
Indebtedness. We will repay a significant portion
of our indebtedness with the proceeds of this offering and
$48.7 million of borrowings under the credit facility we
expect to enter into with Credit Suisse. This will strengthen
our balance sheet and leave us with approximately
$41.9 million in cash to fund our operations and to acquire
additional vessels. Our financial resources and borrowing
capacity will thus position us to take advantage of acquisition
opportunities as they arise.
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Stable Cash Flow from Well-Established and Reputable
Charterers. A majority of the vessels in our
fleet will be initially employed on time charters to
well-established and reputable charterers. We believe these time
charters will provide us with steady cash flow and high vessel
utilization rates while limiting our exposure to freight rate
volatility.
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Efficient Operations. Through Free Bulkers, we
believe that we have established a strong track record in the
technical management of drybulk carriers, which has enabled us
to maintain cost-efficient operations. We actively monitor and
control vessel operating expenses while maintaining the high
quality of our fleet through regular inspections, proactive
maintenance programs, high standards of operations, and
retaining and training qualified crew members.
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Our
Business Strategy
The following are highlights of our business strategy:
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Leveraging our Strategic Relationships. Free
Bulkers, Safbulk, the Restis family and their affiliates have
extensive experience and relationships in the ship brokerage and
financial industries as well as directly with industrial
charterers and commodity traders. We plan to use these
relationships to identify chartering and acquisition
opportunities and make available to us sources of additional
financing, make contacts, and gain market intelligence.
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3
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Handysize and Handymax Focus. Our fleet of
drybulk carriers will consist of Handysize and Handymax vessels.
Based on the relatively low number of drybulk newbuildings on
order in these categories, we believe there will be continued
high demand for such vessels. Handysize and Handymax vessels are
typically shallow-drafted and equipped with onboard cranes. This
makes Handysize and Handymax vessels more versatile and able to
access a wider range of loading and discharging ports than
larger ships, which are unable to service many ports due to
their size or the local port infrastructure. Many countries in
the Asia Pacific region, including China, as well as countries
in Africa and South America, have shallow ports. We believe that
our vessels, and any Handysize or Handymax vessels that we
acquire, will enable us to transport a wider variety of cargoes
and to pursue a greater number of chartering opportunities than
if we owned larger drybulk vessels. Handysize and Handymax
vessels have also historically achieved greater charter rate
stability than larger drybulk vessels.
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Renew and Expand our Fleet. We intend to
continue growing our fleet in a disciplined manner through
acquisition of well-maintained, secondhand vessels, preferably
up to 15 years old. We perform technical review and
financial analysis of each potential acquisition and only
purchase vessels as market conditions and opportunities warrant.
We are focused on purchasing such vessels, because we believe
that secondhand vessels, when operated in a cost-efficient
manner, should provide significant value given the prevailing
charter rate environment and currently provide better returns as
compared to newbuildings. Furthermore, as part of our fleet
renewal, we will continue to sell vessels when we believe it is
in the best interests of FreeSeas and our shareholders.
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Maintain Balanced Time Charter Employment. We
intend to strategically deploy a substantial portion of our
fleet under time charter employment and our remaining vessels
under spot charter. We actively pursue time charter coverage to
provide steady cash flow to cover a substantial portion of our
fleets fixed costs. We intend to deploy part of our fleet
through spot charters depending on our view of the direction of
the markets and other tactical or strategic considerations. We
believe this balanced employment strategy will provide us with
more predictable operating cash flows and sufficient downside
protection, while allowing us to participate in the potential
upside of the spot charter market during periods of rising
charter rates.
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Use of Flexible Financial Strategy. We will
use a combination of bank debt, cash flow and proceeds from
equity offerings to fund our vessel acquisitions. We assess the
level of debt we will incur in light of our ability to repay
that debt based on the level of cash flow we expect to generate
pursuant to our chartering strategy and our operating cost
structure. Following this offering, we intend to reduce our
ratio of debt to total capitalization to between approximately
35% and 40%. We expect that the maintenance of a reasonable
ratio of debt to total capitalization will increase our ability
to borrow funds to make additional vessel acquisitions while
maintaining our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.
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Pay Quarterly Dividends. Following the
completion of this offering, we intend to distribute a portion
of our available cash from operations as quarterly cash
dividends to our shareholders in February, May, August and
November of each year. We currently expect that we will pay a
dividend in February 2008 of $0.175 per share for the 2007
fiscal year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share
in each of the following three quarters, assuming we complete
this offering. See Forward-Looking Statements.
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Our
Dividend Policy
Following the completion of this offering, we intend to
distribute a portion of our available cash from operations as
quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders in February, May,
August and November of each year. We currently expect that we
will pay a dividend in February 2008 of $0.175 per share for the
2007 fiscal year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per
share in each of the following three quarters, assuming we
complete this offering. Declaration and payment of any dividend
is subject to the discretion of our board of directors. The
timing and amount of dividend payments will be dependent upon
our earnings, financial position, cash requirements and
availability, fleet renewal and expansion, and restrictions in
our loan
4
agreements, as well as the provisions of Marshall Islands law
affecting the payment of distributions to shareholders and other
factors.
We may not have sufficient funds with which to pay dividends at
all or at the anticipated frequency or amount set forth in this
prospectus. Alternatively, even if we have sufficient funds
available, our board of directors may determine to devote those
funds to internal uses rather than to the payment of dividends.
We refer you to the disclosures under the headings
Forward-Looking Statements, Dividend
Policy and Tax Considerations included
elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, see Risk
Factors for a discussion of certain risks related to our
ability to pay dividends.
Drybulk
Shipping Industry Trends
The maritime shipping industry is fundamental to international
trade with ocean-going vessels representing the most efficient
and often the only method of transporting large volumes of many
essential drybulk commodities, finished goods as well as crude
oil and refined petroleum products between the continents and
across the seas. It is a global industry whose performance is
closely tied to the level of economic activity in the world.
Drybulk cargoes are used in many basic industries and in
construction, and can be divided into major bulk commodities and
minor bulk commodities. Major bulk commodities include iron ore,
coal and grains. Minor bulk commodities include a wide variety
of commodities, such as forest products, iron and steel
products, fertilizers, agricultural products, non-ferrous ores,
minerals and petcoke, cement, other construction materials and
salt. Grains include wheat, coarse grains and soybeans.
According to Maritime Strategies International Ltd., or MSI,
since the fourth quarter of 2002, the drybulk shipping industry
has experienced the highest charter rates and vessel values in
its modern history due to the favorable imbalance between the
supply of drybulk carriers and demand for drybulk seaborne
transportation. After reaching a peak in mid-2005, however,
vessel values decreased during 2005 and the first half of 2006;
since July 2006, the value of secondhand vessels has risen
sharply approaching new historical record high levels in August
2007 as ship owners seek to increase the size of their fleets to
benefit from the rise in trade.
With respect to drybulk shipping, factors that affect the supply
of drybulk carriers and demand for transportation of drybulk
cargo include:
Supply:
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The average delivery lag for a new vessel is about three years,
limiting the number of new drybulk carriers that will enter the
market in coming years. As of June 2007, newbuilding orders had
been placed for an aggregate of more than 34% of the current
global drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during the next
three to four years; and
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Port congestion worldwide as a result of increased shipping
activity has increased the number of days vessels are waiting to
load or discharge their cargo, effectively reducing the number
of drybulk carriers that are available for hire at any
particular time.
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Demand:
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In general, the effects of the expansion of world trade and
increasing global production and consumption have driven the
strong demand for ships; and
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China has helped drive demand for drybulk carriers as its
economy continues to grow at a remarkable level. This has
resulted in growing iron ore imports and steel production.
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We cannot offer assurances as to charter rates or vessel values
in any period or that the industry trends described above will
continue following the completion of this offering.
5
Our Fleet
Manager
We contract the technical and commercial management of our
vessels to Free Bulkers, a Marshall Islands corporation owned by
Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive officer and
president. Free Bulkers has a separate management contract with
each of our ship-owning subsidiaries and provides a wide range
of services at a fixed fee per vessel basis. These services
include vessel operations, maintenance, regulatory compliance,
crewing, supervising dry-docking and repairs, arranging
insurance for vessels, vessel supplying, advising on the
purchase and sale of vessels, and performing certain accounting
and other administrative services, including financial reporting
and internal controls requirements. Free Bulkers has
subcontracted the charter and post-charter management of our
fleet to Safbulk. Safbulk is an entity affiliated with one of
our principal shareholders, FS Holdings Limited, which is
controlled by the Restis family. Safbulk has been chartering
bulk carriers, ranging in size from 25,000 to 175,000 dwt, both
owned by it (as many as 20 vessels) and owned by third
parties (as many as 70 vessels), since 1965. We believe
that the experience and reputation of Safbulk, and its
long-standing relationships with charterers and charter brokers
in all parts of the world should enhance the commercial
operation of our fleet and our ability to obtain employment for
our fleet. We believe that using Free Bulkers and Safbulk to
perform these functions should provide us experienced technical
and commercial management for our fleet and enable us to better
manage our costs.
New
Credit Facility
Consistent with our strategy of making efficient use of
leverage, we have negotiated an offer letter for a senior
secured credit facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter
of this offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to finance or refinance,
as appropriate, up to 50% of the purchase price of the M/V
Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter and the M/V
Free Goddess and a $38.3 million facility to finance
up to 75% of the purchase price of additional vessels. Upon each
drawdown of the $38.3 million facility the aggregate amount
outstanding under the total $87.0 million facility may not
exceed 60% of the aggregate market value of the M/V Free
Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter, the M/V Free
Goddess and any additional vessels financed under the
facility. The availability of this senior secured credit
facility is contingent upon the execution of formal loan
documents. We intend to enter into this senior credit facility
only if we successfully complete this offering.
We currently intend to use the proceeds of this offering in
conjunction with the $48.7 million loan from Credit Suisse
to refinance a portion of our existing indebtedness and for
other corporate purposes, including future acquisitions.
Our
Corporate History
We were incorporated on April 23, 2004 by Ion G.
Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive officer and president,
and two other co-founding shareholders under the name
Adventure Holdings S.A. pursuant to the laws of the
Republic of the Marshall Islands to serve as the parent holding
company of our ship-owning entities. On April 27, 2005, we
changed our name to FreeSeas Inc.
On December 15, 2005, we completed a merger with Trinity
Partners Acquisition Company Inc., a blank check company formed
to serve as a vehicle to complete a business combination with an
operating business. At the time of the merger we owned three
drybulk carriers, the M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free
Envoy and the M/V Free Fighter. Under the terms of
the merger, we were the surviving corporation. Each outstanding
share of Trinitys common stock and Class B common
stock was converted into the right to receive an equal number of
shares of our common stock, and each Trinity Class W
warrant and Class Z warrant was converted into the right to
receive an equal number of our Class W warrants and
Class Z warrants.
Our common stock, Class W warrants and Class Z
warrants began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbols FREE, FREEW and
FREEZ, respectively. As a result of the merger, Trinitys
former securities, including the Trinity Class A Units and
the Class B Units, ceased trading on the OTC
Bulletin Board.
6
In January 2007, Mr. Varouxakis purchased all of the shares
of common stock owned by the two other co-founding shareholders.
He simultaneously sold shares of common stock owned by him to FS
Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by the Restis family, and
to certain other investors. As a result of these transactions,
Mr. Varouxakis now beneficially owns (including shares
underlying options and warrants beneficially owned by him)
approximately 29.8% of our outstanding common stock and FS
Holdings Limited beneficially owns (including shares underlying
warrants) approximately 35.1% of our outstanding common stock.
Immediately following these transactions, our board of directors
appointed Mr. Varouxakis chairman of the board and
president, the two other co-founding shareholders and one other
director resigned from the board, and two new directors were
appointed to fill the vacancies. See Management and
Related Party Transactions.
As of October 23, 2007, we have received an aggregate of
$5,039,655 in gross proceeds, which resulted in net proceeds of
$4,787,672 after deducting fees due to a financial advisor, from
exercises of the Class W and Class Z warrants. We
issued 1,007,931 shares of common stock in accordance with
the terms of these warrants in connection with the exercises.
These exercises occurred following our registration in August
2007 of the shares underlying these warrants.
Our executive offices are located at 89 Akti Miaouli &
4 Mavrokordatou Street, 185 38, Piraeus, Greece and our
telephone number is
011-30-210-452-8770.
7
The
Offering
|
|
|
Common stock offered by us |
|
11,000,000 shares. |
|
Underwriters over-allotment option |
|
Up to 1,650,000 shares. |
|
Common stock outstanding after this offering(1)
|
|
18,298,031 shares. |
|
Use of proceeds |
|
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately
$83,197,500 from this offering, based on the offering price of
$8.25 per share, after deducting underwriting discounts and
commissions, and offering expenses, and assuming the
underwriters over-allotment option is not exercised. |
|
|
|
We intend to use the proceeds of this offering in conjunction
with $48.7 million of borrowings under the credit facility
we expect to enter into with Credit Suisse to refinance a
portion of our existing indebtedness and for other purposes. See
Use of Proceeds. |
|
Dividend policy |
|
Following the closing of this offering, we intend to distribute
a portion of our available cash from operations as quarterly
cash dividends to our shareholders in February, May, August and
November of each year. We currently expect that we will pay a
dividend in February 2008 of $0.175 per share for the 2007
fiscal year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share
in each of the following three quarters, assuming we complete
this offering. The declaration and payment of any dividend is
subject to the discretion of our board of directors. See
Dividend Policy. |
|
NASDAQ Capital Market symbols |
|
Common stock FREE |
|
|
Class W warrants FREEW |
|
|
Class Z warrants FREEZ |
|
|
|
We have applied to have our common stock and warrants listed on
the NASDAQ Global Market under the same symbols upon completion
of this offering. We believe that upon the completion of this
offering, we will satisfy the listing requirements of the NASDAQ
Global Market for our common stock and warrants. We can provide
no assurances, however, as to the time or likelihood of such
approval. |
|
Risk factors |
|
Investing in our common stock involves substantial risk. You
should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus
prior to investing in our common stock. In particular, we urge
you to consider carefully the factors set forth in the section
of this prospectus entitled Risk Factors beginning
on page 13. Some of these risk factors relate principally
to the industry in which we operate and our business in general.
Other risks relate to the securities market for and ownership of
our common stock. Any of these risk factors could significantly
and negatively affect our business, financial condition,
operating results and common stock price. |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The number of shares of common stock outstanding after this
offering is based on 7,298,031 shares of our common stock
outstanding on October 23, 2007 and excludes the following: |
|
|
|
|
A.
|
up to 250,000 shares reserved for issuance upon the
exercise of stock options currently outstanding (of which, as of
June 30, 2007, options to purchase 166,667 shares had
vested), which have an
|
8
exercise price of $5.00 per share and expire on
December 16, 2010, and up to 1,250,000 shares issuable
upon exercise of stock options that may be granted in the future
under our stock incentive plan;
|
|
|
|
B.
|
3,564,569 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon
the exercise of outstanding warrants, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 Class A warrants held by our founding shareholders
exercisable at $5.00 per share and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
|
|
|
700,000 Class B warrants held by FS Holdings Limited
exercisable at $5.00 per share of which 275,000 expire on
May 8, 2012 and 425,000 expire on June 22, 2012;
|
|
|
|
996,974 Class W warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share and
expiring July 29, 2009; and
|
|
|
|
1,667,595 Class Z warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
|
|
|
|
C.
|
410,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon
the exercise of the unit purchase option sold to the lead
underwriter in the initial public offering of our predecessor,
which unit purchase option expires July 29, 2009, as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,000 shares of common stock included in the 12,500
Series A units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $17.325 per
Series A unit;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 62,500 Class W warrants included in
the 12,500 Series A units;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 62,500 Class Z warrants included in
the 12,500 Series A units;
|
|
|
|
130,000 shares of common stock included in the 65,000
Series B units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $16.665 per
Series B unit;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 65,000 Class W warrants included in
the 65,000 Series B units;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 65,000 Class Z warrants included in
the 65,000 Series B units; and
|
|
|
|
|
D.
|
shares that may be issued pursuant to the underwriters
over-allotment option.
|
Assuming all outstanding stock options, all outstanding warrants
and the unit purchase option sold to the lead underwriter in the
initial public offering of our predecessor (and all warrants
subject to such unit purchase option) were exercised for cash,
we would receive gross proceeds of $21,775,133.
9
Summary
Financial Information and Data
The following summary financial information and data were
derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for
the period from April 23, 2004 (date of inception) to
December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31,
2005 and 2006, and our unaudited condensed consolidated
financial statements for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006 and 2007, included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The information is only a summary and should be read
in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial
statements and related notes included in this prospectus and the
section of this prospectus titled Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations. The historical data included below and
elsewhere in this prospectus are not necessarily indicative of
our future performance.
All amounts in the tables below are in thousands of
U.S. dollars, except for share data, fleet data and average
daily results.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,562
|
|
|
$
|
2,986
|
|
|
$
|
7,830
|
|
|
$
|
5,430
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
|
|
(482
|
)
|
|
|
(349
|
)
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
|
|
(39
|
)
|
|
|
(686
|
)
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Vessel operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization expenses shown separately below)
|
|
|
(899
|
)
|
|
|
(1,033
|
)
|
|
|
(2,313
|
)
|
|
|
(2,065
|
)
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(655
|
)
|
|
|
(1,081
|
)
|
|
|
(1,467
|
)
|
|
|
(2,221
|
)
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry-docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(123
|
)
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
(318
|
)
|
|
|
(222
|
)
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
(360
|
)
|
|
|
(270
|
)
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
(216
|
)
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
(379
|
)
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(640
|
)
|
|
|
(390
|
)
|
|
|
(982
|
)
|
|
|
(822
|
)
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
Gain on sale of vessel
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(414
|
)
|
|
|
(265
|
)
|
|
|
(633
|
)
|
|
|
(511
|
)
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(125
|
)
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
(176
|
)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) for period
|
|
|
1,710
|
|
|
|
(603
|
)
|
|
|
2,623
|
|
|
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
470
|
|
Earnings Per Share Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.27
|
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.41
|
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Weighted average number of shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,921,050
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,476,315
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
9,106
|
|
|
$
|
1,417
|
|
|
$
|
5,286
|
|
|
$
|
1,443
|
|
Fixed assets, net
|
|
|
10,268
|
|
|
|
19,369
|
|
|
|
23,848
|
|
|
|
16,188
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
32,804
|
|
|
|
23,086
|
|
|
|
29,840
|
|
|
|
18,335
|
|
Total current liabilities, including current portion of
long-term debt
|
|
|
6,572
|
|
|
|
10,260
|
|
|
|
10,231
|
|
|
|
4,971
|
|
Long-term debt, including shareholders loans net of
current portion
|
|
|
14,693
|
|
|
|
5,819
|
|
|
|
9,750
|
|
|
|
9,978
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
21,265
|
|
|
|
16,079
|
|
|
|
20,135
|
|
|
|
14,949
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
11,539
|
|
|
|
7,007
|
|
|
|
9,705
|
|
|
|
3,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
EBITDA (1)
|
|
$
|
2,863
|
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
$
|
5,002
|
|
|
$
|
683
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
Fleet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average number of vessels (2)
|
|
|
2.29
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
2.64
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
2.55
|
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
Ownership days (3)
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Available days (4)
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
1,005
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Operating days (5)
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Fleet utilization (6)
|
|
|
97.6
|
%
|
|
|
91.6
|
%
|
|
|
96.4
|
%
|
|
|
90.2
|
%
|
|
|
85.9
|
%
|
|
|
95.9
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Average Daily Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average TCE rate (7)
|
|
$
|
16,256
|
|
|
$
|
11,008
|
|
|
$
|
15,856
|
|
|
$
|
8,969
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
Vessel operating expenses (8)
|
|
|
4,322
|
|
|
|
3,784
|
|
|
|
4,839
|
|
|
|
3,803
|
|
|
|
4,094
|
|
|
|
3,863
|
|
|
|
3,221
|
|
Management fees (9)
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
|
738
|
|
Total vessel operating expenses (10)
|
|
$
|
4,827
|
|
|
$
|
4,278
|
|
|
$
|
5,341
|
|
|
$
|
4,300
|
|
|
$
|
4,587
|
|
|
$
|
4,387
|
|
|
$
|
3,959
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
We consider EBITDA to represent net earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization. Under the laws of the
Marshall Islands, we are not subject to tax on international
shipping income. However, we are subject to registration and
tonnage taxes, which have been included in vessel operating
expenses. Accordingly, no adjustment for taxes has been made for
purposes of calculating EBITDA. EBITDA does not represent and
should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash
flow from operations, as determined by United States generally
accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and our
calculation of EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by
other companies. EBITDA is included herein because it is an
alternative measure of our liquidity, performance and
indebtedness. |
|
|
|
EBITDA reconciliation to net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
1,710
|
|
|
$
|
(603
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,623
|
|
|
$
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
1,193
|
|
|
|
1,785
|
|
|
|
2,443
|
|
|
|
4,921
|
|
|
|
3,908
|
|
|
|
981
|
|
Interest and finance cost
|
|
$
|
375
|
|
|
$
|
263
|
|
|
$
|
594
|
|
|
$
|
498
|
|
|
$
|
985
|
|
|
$
|
1,068
|
|
|
$
|
236
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
|
|
$
|
2,863
|
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
$
|
5,002
|
|
|
$
|
683
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that
constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by
the sum of the number of days each vessel was a part of our
fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days
in the period. |
|
(3) |
|
Ownership days are the total number of days in a period during
which the vessels in our fleet have been owned by us. Ownership
days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and
affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses
that we record during a period. |
|
(4) |
|
Available days are the number of ownership days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
major repairs, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number
of ownership days in a period during which vessels should be
capable of generating revenues. |
|
(5) |
|
Operating days are the number of available days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping
industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of
days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues. |
|
(6) |
|
We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our
fleets operating days during a period by the number of
ownership days during the period. The shipping industry uses
fleet utilization to measure a companys efficiency in
finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the
amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons such as
scheduled repairs, vessel upgrades, or dry-dockings or other
surveys. |
|
(7) |
|
Time charter equivalent, or TCE, is a measure of the average
daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Our
method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards
and is determined by dividing operating revenues (net of voyage
expenses) by operating days for the relevant time period. Voyage
expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that
are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid
by the charterer under a time charter contract. TCE is a
standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to
compare period-to-period changes in a shipping companys
performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e.,
spot charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which
the vessels may be employed between the periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,562
|
|
|
$
|
2,986
|
|
|
$
|
7,830
|
|
|
$
|
5,430
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
Voyage expenses and commissions
|
|
|
(262
|
)
|
|
|
(234
|
)
|
|
|
(521
|
)
|
|
|
(1,035
|
)
|
|
|
(1,488
|
)
|
|
|
(608
|
)
|
|
|
(143
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,300
|
|
|
$
|
2,752
|
|
|
$
|
7,309
|
|
|
$
|
4,395
|
|
|
$
|
10,239
|
|
|
$
|
9,718
|
|
|
$
|
2,687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating days
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Time charter equivalent rates
|
|
$
|
16,256
|
|
|
$
|
11,008
|
|
|
$
|
15,856
|
|
|
$
|
8,969
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
|
|
(8) |
|
Average daily vessel operating expenses, which includes crew
costs, provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil,
insurance, maintenance and repairs, is calculated by dividing
vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant
time periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
1,033
|
|
|
$
|
2,313
|
|
|
$
|
2,065
|
|
|
$
|
4,483
|
|
|
$
|
3,596
|
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
Ownership days
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Daily vessel operating expense
|
|
$
|
4,322
|
|
|
$
|
3,784
|
|
|
$
|
4,839
|
|
|
$
|
3,803
|
|
|
$
|
4,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,863
|
|
|
$
|
3,221
|
|
|
|
|
(9) |
|
Daily management fees are calculated by dividing total
management fees paid on ships owned by ownership days for the
relevant time period. |
|
(10) |
|
Total vessel operating expenses, or TVOE, is a measurement of
our total expenses associated with operating our vessels. TVOE
is the sum of daily vessel operating expense and daily
management fees. Daily TVOE is calculated by dividing TVOE by
fleet ownership days for the relevant time period. |
12
Our business faces certain risks. The risks described below
may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do
not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may
also impair our business. If any of the events or circumstances
described as risks below or elsewhere in this prospectus
actually occurs, our business, results of operations or
financial condition could be materially and adversely
affected.
Industry-Specific
Risk Factors
The
cyclical nature of the international shipping industry may lead
to volatile changes in charter rates and vessel values, which
may reduce our revenues and net income.
We are an independent shipping company that operates in the
international drybulk shipping market. Our profitability is
dependent upon the charter rates we are able to charge. The
supply of and demand for shipping capacity strongly influences
charter rates. The demand for shipping capacity is determined
primarily by the demand for the type of commodities carried, the
distance that those commodities must be moved by sea, and the
demand for vessels of a particular size. The demand for
commodities is affected by, among other things, world and
regional economic and political conditions (including
developments in international trade, fluctuations in industrial
and agricultural production and armed conflicts), environmental
concerns, weather patterns, port congestion, and changes in
seaborne and other transportation costs. The size of the
existing fleet per size category (i.e., Handysize, Handymax,
Panamax or Capesize) in any particular drybulk market, the
number of new vessel deliveries, the scrapping of older vessels
and the number of vessels out of active service (i.e.,
laid-up,
dry-docked, awaiting repairs or otherwise not available for
hire), determines the supply of shipping capacity, which is
measured by the amount of suitable tonnage available to carry
cargo.
In addition to the prevailing and anticipated charter rates,
factors that affect the supply and demand for shipping capacity
include the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and
laying-up,
newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in relation to
scrap prices, costs of bunkers and other operating costs, costs
associated with classification society surveys, normal
maintenance and insurance coverage, the efficiency and age
profile of the existing fleet in the market, and government and
industry regulation of maritime transportation practices,
particularly environmental protection laws and regulations.
These factors are outside of our control, and we cannot predict
the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions.
Some of these factors may have a negative impact on our revenues
and net income.
The market value of our vessels can fluctuate significantly. The
market value of our vessels may increase or decrease depending
on the following factors:
|
|
|
|
|
economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry
in general;
|
|
|
|
supply of drybulk vessels, including secondhand vessels;
|
|
|
|
demand for drybulk vessels;
|
|
|
|
types and sizes of vessels;
|
|
|
|
other modes of transportation;
|
|
|
|
cost of newbuildings;
|
|
|
|
new regulatory requirements from governments or self-regulated
organizations; and
|
|
|
|
prevailing level of charter rates.
|
Because the market value of our vessels may fluctuate
significantly, we may incur losses when we sell vessels, which
may adversely affect our earnings. In addition, any
determination that a vessels remaining useful life and
earnings requires an impairment of its value on our financial
statements could result in a charge against our earnings and a
reduction in our shareholders equity. If for any reason we
sell our vessels at a time when prices have fallen, the sale may
be less than that vessels carrying amount on our financial
statements, and we would incur a loss and a reduction in
earnings.
13
Charter
rates, which in the international drybulk shipping industry
approached historic highs in the second quarter of 2007, may
decline as a result of increased capacity and slowing worldwide
economic growth, thereby reducing our future
profitability.
After reaching a peak in mid-2005, charter rates and vessel
values decreased during the remainder of 2005 and the first half
of 2006. Since July 2006, charter rates and the value of
secondhand vessels have risen sharply, approaching historical
record high levels in August 2007. We cannot give any assurance
as to how long these rate levels may be maintained and, if they
begin to decline, to what levels they might fall. We anticipate
that the future demand for our drybulk carriers and drybulk
charter rates will be dependent upon continued economic growth
particularly in China and India and elsewhere in the world
generally, seasonal and regional changes in demand, and changes
to the capacity of the world fleet. Adverse industry, economic,
political, social or other developments could also decrease the
amount
and/or
profitability of our business and materially reduce our revenues
and net income.
The nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions
are unpredictable and outside of our control. Some of the
factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
|
|
|
|
|
supply and demand for drybulk commodities;
|
|
|
|
global and regional economic conditions;
|
|
|
|
the distance drybulk commodities are to be moved by sea; and
|
|
|
|
changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns.
|
Some of the factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity
include:
|
|
|
|
|
the number of newbuilding deliveries;
|
|
|
|
the scrapping rate of older vessels;
|
|
|
|
changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit
the useful life of vessels;
|
|
|
|
the number of vessels that are
laid-up; and
|
|
|
|
changes in global drybulk commodity production.
|
An
oversupply of drybulk carrier capacity may lead to reductions in
charter rates and our profitability.
The market supply of drybulk carriers, primarily Capesize and
Panamax vessels, has been increasing, and the number of such
drybulk carriers on order are near historic highs. Newbuildings
were delivered in significant numbers starting at the beginning
of 2006 and are expected to continue to be delivered in
significant numbers through 2007. As of June 2007, newbuilding
orders had been placed for an aggregate of more than 34% of the
current global drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during
the next three to four years. An oversupply of drybulk carrier
capacity may result in a reduction of our charter rates. If such
a reduction occurs, when our vessels current charters
expire or terminate, we may only be able to recharter our
vessels at reduced or unprofitable rates or we may not be able
to charter these vessels at all.
An
economic slowdown in the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere could
materially reduce the amount
and/or
profitability of our business.
A significant number of the port calls made by our vessels
involve the loading or discharging of raw materials and
semi-finished products in ports in the Asia Pacific region. As a
result, a negative change in economic conditions in any Asia
Pacific country, but particularly in China or India, may have an
adverse effect on our business, financial position and results
of operations, as well as our future prospects. In particular,
in recent years, China has been one of the worlds fastest
growing economies in terms of gross domestic product. We cannot
assure you that such growth will be sustained or that the
Chinese economy will not experience contraction in the future.
Moreover, any slowdown in the economies of the United States,
the European Union or certain other Asian countries may
adversely effect economic growth in China and
14
elsewhere. Our revenues and net income, as well as our future
prospects, would likely be materially reduced by an economic
downturn in any of these countries.
Changes
in the economic and political environment in China and policies
adopted by the government to regulate its economy may have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most countries
belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, or OECD, in such respects as structure, government
involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital
reinvestment, allocation of resources, rate of inflation and
balance of payments position. Prior to 1978, the Chinese economy
was a planned economy. Since 1978, increasing emphasis has been
placed on the utilization of market forces in the development of
the Chinese economy. There is an increasing level of freedom and
autonomy in areas such as allocation of resources, production,
pricing and management and a gradual shift in emphasis to a
market economy and enterprise reform. Although
limited price reforms were undertaken, with the result that
prices for certain commodities are principally determined by
market forces, many of the reforms are experimental and may be
subject to change or abolition. We cannot assure you that the
Chinese government will continue to pursue a policy of economic
reform. The level of imports to and exports from China could be
adversely affected by changes to these economic reforms, as well
as by changes in political, economic and social conditions or
other relevant policies of the Chinese government, such as
changes in laws, regulations or export and import restrictions,
all of which could, adversely affect our business, financial
condition and operating results.
Charter
rates are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may adversely
affect our operating results.
Our fleet consists of Handysize and Handymax drybulk carriers
that operate in markets that have historically exhibited
seasonal variations in demand and, as a result, in charter
rates. This seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter
volatility in our operating results. The energy markets
primarily affect the demand for coal, with increases during hot
summer periods when air conditioning and refrigeration require
more electricity and towards the end of the calendar year in
anticipation of the forthcoming winter period. Grain shipments
are driven by the harvest within a climate zone. Because three
of the five largest grain producers (the United States, Canada
and the European Union) are located in the northern hemisphere
and the other two (Argentina and Australia) are located in the
southern hemisphere, harvests occur throughout the year and
grains require drybulk shipping accordingly. As a result of
these and other factors, the drybulk shipping industry is
typically stronger in the fall and winter months. Therefore, we
expect our revenues from our drybulk carriers to be typically
weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30
and, conversely, we expect our revenues from our drybulk
carriers to be typically stronger in fiscal quarters ended
December 31 and March 31. Seasonality in the drybulk
industry could materially affect our operating results.
The
operation of drybulk carriers has certain unique operational
risks.
The operation of certain vessel types, such as drybulk carriers,
has certain unique risks. With a drybulk carrier, the cargo
itself and its interaction with the ship can be a risk factor.
By their nature, drybulk cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily
shifted, and react badly to water exposure. In addition, drybulk
carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during
unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted
cargoes out of the hold), and small bulldozers. This treatment
may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment
during unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach to
the sea. Hull breaches in drybulk carriers may lead to the
flooding of the vessels holds. If a drybulk carrier
suffers flooding in its forward holds, the bulk cargo may become
so dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the
vessels bulkheads leading to the loss of a vessel. If we
are unable to adequately maintain our vessels we may be unable
to prevent these events. Any of these circumstances or events
could negatively impact our business, financial condition,
results of operations and ability to pay dividends. In addition,
the loss of any of our vessels could harm our reputation as a
safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.
15
We are
subject to regulation and liability under environmental laws
that could require significant expenditures and reduce our cash
flows and net income.
Our business and the operation of our vessels are materially
affected by government regulation in the form of international
conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations
in force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels operate, as
well as in the country or countries of their registration. We
are also required by various governmental and quasi-governmental
agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates
with respect to our operations. Because such conventions, laws,
regulations and permit requirements are often revised, we cannot
predict the ultimate cost of complying with such conventions,
laws, regulations or permit requirements, or the impact thereof
on the resale prices or useful lives of our vessels. Additional
conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could
limit our ability to do business and thereby reduce our revenue
or increase our cost of doing business, thereby materially
decreasing our net income.
The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set
forth in the International Safety Management, or ISM, Code. The
ISM Code requires shipowners and bareboat charterers to develop
and maintain an extensive Safety Management System.
The system includes the adoption of a safety and environmental
protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for
safe operation and dealing with emergencies. The failure of a
shipowner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may
subject such party to increased liability, may decrease
available insurance coverage for the affected vessels,
and/or may
result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
Currently, Lloyds Register of Shipping has awarded ISM and
International Ship and Port Facilities Security, or ISPS,
certification to all of our vessels and to Free Bulkers, our
ship management company. There can be no assurance, however,
that such certification will be maintained indefinitely.
The European Union is considering legislation that will affect
the operation of vessels and the liability of owners for oil
pollution. It is difficult to predict what legislation, if any,
may be promulgated by the European Union or any other country or
authority.
We currently maintain, for each of our vessels, protection and
indemnity insurance, which includes pollution liability
coverage, in the amount of one billion dollars per incident. If
the damages from a catastrophic incident exceeded our insurance
coverage, the payment of these damages may materially decrease
our net income.
The International Maritime Organization, or IMO, or other
regulatory bodies may adopt further regulations in the future
that could adversely affect the useful lives of our vessels as
well as our ability to generate income from them. These
requirements can also affect the resale value of our vessels.
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established
an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection
and clean-up
of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and
operators whose vessels trade in the United States of America or
any of its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate
in waters of the United States of America, which includes the
territorial sea of the United States of America and its 200
nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are
responsible parties and are jointly, severally and
strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or
omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for
all containment and
clean-up
costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened
discharges of oil from their vessels, including bunkers (fuel).
If any
of our vessels fail to maintain their class certification and/or
fail any annual survey, intermediate survey, dry-docking or
special survey, that vessel would be unable to carry cargo,
thereby reducing our revenues and profitability and violating
certain loan covenants of our third-party
indebtedness.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be
classed by a classification society authorized by its country of
registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is
safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and
regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the
Safety of Life at Sea Convention, or SOLAS. Our vessels are
currently classed with Lloyds Register of Shipping, Korean
Register of Shipping, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, and Germanischer
Lloyd.
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A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys,
dry-dockings and special surveys. In lieu of a special survey, a
vessels machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle,
under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a
five-year period. Our vessels are on special survey cycles for
hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery
inspection. Every vessel is also required to be dry-docked every
two to three years for inspection of the underwater parts of
such vessel.
If any vessel does not maintain its class
and/or fails
any annual survey, intermediate survey, dry-docking or special
survey, the vessel will be unable to carry cargo between ports
and will be unemployable and uninsurable, thereby reducing our
revenues and profitability. That could also cause us to be in
violation of certain covenants in our loan agreements. In
addition, the cost of maintaining our vessels
classifications may be substantial at times and could result in
reduced revenues.
Maritime
claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our
cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel,
shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a
maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or
damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may
enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure
proceedings. The arresting or attachment of one or more of our
vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay
large sums of funds to have the arrest lifted.
In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under
the sister ship theory of liability, a claimant may
arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimants
maritime lien and any associated vessel, which is
any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner or managed by
the same manager. Claimants could try to assert sister
ship liability against one of our vessels for claims
relating to another of our vessels or a vessel managed by our
manager.
Governments
could requisition our vessels during a period of war or
emergency, resulting in loss of earnings.
A government could requisition for title or seize our vessels.
Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of
a vessel and becomes the owner. A government could also
requisition our vessels for hire, which occurs when a government
takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes the charterer
at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during
a period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or
more of our vessels could reduce our revenues and net income.
World
events outside our control such as terrorism and international
and regional hostilities may negatively affect our ability to
operate, thereby reducing our revenues and net income or our
ability to obtain additional financing, thereby restricting the
implementation of our business strategy.
Terrorist attacks such as those in New York on
September 11, 2001, the bombings in Spain on March 11,
2004 and in London on July 7, 2005, and the continuing
response of the United States and other countries to these
attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks in
the United States or elsewhere continue to cause uncertainty in
the world financial markets and may adversely affect our
business and operating results by increasing security costs and
creating delays because of heightened security measures. In the
past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on
vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt
international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region.
Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading
in regions such as the South China Sea.
Terrorist attacks and international and regional hostilities may
also negatively impact our vessels or our customers directly.
The continuing conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan may lead to
additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the
world, which may contribute to economic instability and could
result in increased volatility of the financial markets in the
United States of America and globally, an economic recession in
the United States of America or the world and a corresponding
reduction in our business and future prospects. Any of these
occurrences could prevent us from obtaining additional financing
on terms acceptable to us or at all and have a material adverse
impact on our operating results, revenues and costs which would
impair our implementation of our business strategy.
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Risks
involved with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our
business and reputation, which may reduce our
revenues.
The operation of an ocean-going vessel has inherent risks. These
risks include the possibility of:
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crew strikes
and/or
boycotts;
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marine disaster;
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piracy;
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environmental accidents;
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cargo and property losses or damage; and
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business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human
error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries,
labor strikes or adverse weather conditions.
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The involvement of any of our vessels in an environmental
disaster may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel
operator. Any of these circumstances or events could increase
our costs or lower our revenues.
Rising
fuel prices may adversely affect our profits.
The cost of fuel is a significant factor in negotiating charter
rates. As a result, an increase in the price of fuel beyond our
expectations may adversely affect our profitability. The price
and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on
events outside our control, including geo-political
developments, supply and demand for oil, actions by members of
OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil
producing countries and regions, regional production patterns
and environmental concerns and regulations.
Company-Specific
Risk Factors
We
have a limited operating history and have cumulative
deficits.
Our company was formed in April 2004, and we did not own or
operate any vessels prior to June 2004. We therefore have a
limited operating history and limited historical financial data
on which to evaluate our operations or our ability to implement
and achieve our business strategy. As of December 31, 2006
and June 30, 2007, we had cumulative deficits of $2,702,000
and $79,000, respectively, which reflects the impact of
cumulative losses during 2006 and prior years. Although we
achieved net income of $2,623,000 for the six months ended
June 30, 2007, there can be no assurances that we will
achieve net income for the remainder of the year or that our net
income will be sufficient to offset our cumulative deficit.
If we
fail to manage our planned growth properly, we may not be able
to successfully expand our market share.
We intend to continue to grow our fleet. Our growth will depend
on:
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locating and acquiring suitable vessels;
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identifying and consummating acquisitions or joint ventures;
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integrating any acquired vessel successfully with our existing
operations;
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enhancing our customer base;
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managing our expansion; and
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obtaining the required financing.
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Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks,
such as undisclosed liabilities and obligations and difficulty
experienced in (1) obtaining additional qualified
personnel, (2) managing relationships with customers and
suppliers and (3) integrating newly acquired operations
into existing infrastructures.
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We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in
executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant
expenses and losses in connection with the execution of those
growth plans.
The
recent grounding of the M/V Free Jupiter will negatively impact
our financial condition, results of operations and ability to
pay dividends.
On September 21, 2007, the M/V Free Jupiter ran
aground off the coast of the Philippines. See
Summary Our Company and
Business Vessel Employment for more
information about this event. The M/V Free Jupiter
sustained damage and will be undergoing repairs until
approximately November 30, 2007, although there can be no
assurances the repairs may not require longer to complete. While
we believe that our hull and machinery insurance and our
P&I insurance should cover the repair of the vessel and
liability claims from the current charterer, subject to
deductibles of at least $75,000 in the aggregate, we do not
currently have loss of hire or business interruption insurance,
and accordingly, we will suffer a loss of revenues for the
period that the vessel is off-hire while she was aground and
during repairs. In addition, our protection and indemnity
insurance would not cover claims made by our charterers for
damages that they may incur as a result of the delays caused by
the incident, although our insurance may cover our fees and
expenses incurred in defending claims for damages brought by our
charterers. Furthermore, we are scheduled to deliver the
M/V Free
Jupiter to its subsequent charterer by November 30,
2007 for a three-year time charter. If the vessels repairs
take longer to complete, we will request a further extension
from the charterer. There can be no assurances a further
extension will be granted. If a further extension is not
granted, we may face claims that our insurance would not cover.
We may also face increased insurance premiums as a result of the
grounding incident. As a result, this grounding incident and its
consequences will negatively impact our financial condition,
results of operations and ability to pay dividends.
Our
charterers may terminate or default on their charters, which
could adversely affect our results of operations and cash
flow.
Our charters may terminate earlier than the dates indicated in
this prospectus. The terms of our charters vary as to which
events or occurrences will cause a charter to terminate or give
the charterer the option to terminate the charter, but these
generally include a total or constructive total loss of the
related vessel, the requisition for hire of the related vessel,
or the failure of the related vessel to meet specified
performance criteria. In addition, if we fail to deliver a
vessel within the time specified in its charter, the charterer
may have the right to terminate the charter. Please see
Summary Our Company and
Business Vessel Employment for
information regarding a potential delay in the delivery of the
M/V Free Jupiter to its charterer.
The ability of each of our charterers to perform its obligations
under a charter will depend on a number of factors that are
beyond our control. These factors may include general economic
conditions, the condition of the drybulk shipping industry, the
charter rates received for specific types of vessels, and
various operating expenses. The costs and delays associated with
the termination of a charter or the default by a charterer of a
vessel may be considerable and may adversely affect our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial
condition.
We cannot predict whether our charterers will, upon the
expiration of their charters, recharter our vessels on favorable
terms or at all. If our charterers decide not to recharter our
vessels, we may not be able to recharter them on terms similar
to the terms of our current charters or at all. If we receive
lower charter rates under replacement charters or are unable to
recharter all of our vessels, our business, operating results
and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Our
earnings may be adversely affected if we do not successfully
employ our vessels.
We intend to employ our vessels in fixed-rate period charters
and spot charters. While current charter rates are high relative
to historical rates, the charter market is volatile, and at
times in the past charter rates for vessels have declined below
operating costs of vessels. If our vessels become available for
employment in the spot market or under new period charters
during periods when charter rates have fallen, we may have to
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employ our vessels at depressed charter rates that would lead to
reduced or volatile earnings. We cannot assure you that future
charter rates will be at a level that will enable us to operate
our vessels profitably or to repay our debt.
We
will not be able to take advantage of favorable opportunities in
the current spot market with respect to vessels employed on
medium- to long-term time charters.
Following the delivery of the M/V Free Goddess, four of
the five vessels in our fleet will be employed under medium- to
long-term time charters (following the expiration of the M/V
Free Jupiters initial time charter and unscheduled
dry-docking and the M/V Free Goddess two-month time
charter), with expiration dates ranging from April 2008 to
September 2010. Although medium- and long-term time charters
provide relatively steady streams of revenue, vessels committed
to medium- and long-term charters may not be available for spot
voyages during periods of increasing charter hire rates, when
spot voyages might be more profitable.
We
previously relied on spot charters and may spot charter certain
of our vessels in the future. The rates on spot charters are
very competitive and volatile, which can result in decreased
revenues if spot charter rates decline.
Our vessels have previously been spot chartered, which made our
historical revenues subject to greater fluctuation. In the
future, we may continue to spot charter certain of our vessels.
The spot charter market is highly competitive and rates within
this market are subject to volatile fluctuations, while
longer-term period time charters provide income at
pre-determined rates over more extended periods of time. If we
decide to continue to spot charter certain of our vessels, there
can be no assurance that we will be successful in keeping those
vessels fully employed in these short-term markets or that
future spot rates will be sufficient to enable those vessels to
be operated profitably.
If
vessels that we acquire for our fleet are not delivered on time
or delivered with significant defects, our business, results of
operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends
could be adversely affected.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and of the M/V Free Jupiter on September 5,
2007. We expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Goddess
in late October 2007. A prolonged delay in the delivery to us of
the M/V Free Goddess or of any additional vessels we may
contract to purchase, or the failure of the contract
counterparty to deliver a vessel at all, could cause us to
breach our obligations under a related time charter and could
adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
condition and the ability to pay dividends. The delivery of any
of these vessels with substantial defects could have similar
consequences.
If we
cannot complete the purchase of the M/V Free Goddess or other
vessels we may use the proceeds of this offering for general
corporate purposes with which you may not agree.
Certain events may arise that could result in us not taking
delivery of the M/V Free Goddess or any other vessel we
may contract to purchase, such as sellers default, a total
loss of a vessel, a constructive total loss of a vessel, or
substantial damage to a vessel prior to its delivery. If the
sellers of the M/V Free Goddess or any other vessels fail
to deliver the vessels to us as agreed, or if we cancel a
purchase agreement because a seller has not met its obligations,
our management will have the discretion to apply the proceeds of
this offering that we would have used to repay debt incurred for
the purchase of those vessels to acquire other vessels or for
general corporate purposes with which you may not agree. We will
not escrow the proceeds from this offering and will not return
the proceeds to you if we do not take delivery of the M/V
Free Goddess or any other vessel we may contract to
purchase. It may take a substantial period of time before we can
locate and purchase other suitable vessels. During this period,
the portion of the proceeds of this offering originally planned
for the acquisition of the M/V Free Goddess or other
vessels may be invested in other instruments and therefore may
not yield returns at rates comparable to those that vessels
might have earned, which would have a material adverse effect on
our business and results of operations.
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We
depend entirely on Free Bulkers and Safbulk to manage and
charter our fleet.
Our executive management team consists of only two individuals,
our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer. We
currently contract the management of our fleet, including
crewing, maintenance and repair, as well as our financial
reporting and internal controls, to Free Bulkers, an affiliated
company. Free Bulkers has entered into a sub-management
agreement with Safbulk, a company controlled by the Restis
family, for the commercial management of our fleet, including
negotiating and obtaining charters, relations with charter
brokers and performance of post-charter activities. We are
dependent upon Free Bulkers for technical management of our
fleet and upon Safbulk for our ability to attract charterers and
charter brokers. The loss of either of their services or their
failure to perform their obligations could reduce our revenues
and net income and adversely affect our operations and business.
Generally, Free Bulkers is not liable to us for any losses or
damages, if any, that may result from its management of our
fleet unless Free Bulkers or its employees act with negligence
or gross negligence or commit a willful default with respect to
one of our vessels. Pursuant to its agreement with us, Free
Bulkers liability for such acts, except in certain limited
circumstances, may not exceed ten times the annual management
fee payable by the applicable subsidiary to Free Bulkers.
Although we may have rights against Free Bulkers, if Free
Bulkers defaults on its obligations to us, you may have no
recourse against Free Bulkers. In addition, if Safbulk defaults
on its obligations to Free Bulkers, we may have no recourse
against Safbulk. Further, we expect that we will need approval
from our lenders if we intend to replace Free Bulkers as our
fleet manager.
Because
our seafaring employees are covered by collective bargaining
agreements, failure of industry groups to renew those agreements
may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our
earnings.
All of the seafarers employed on the vessels in our fleet are
covered by collective bargaining agreements that set basic
standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements will
prevent labor interruptions. Any labor interruptions could
disrupt our operations and harm our financial performance.
If
Free Bulkers is unable to perform under its vessel management
agreements with us, our results of operations may be adversely
affected.
As we expand our fleet, we will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit
suitable additional seafarers and to meet other demands imposed
on Free Bulkers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be
able to meet these demands as we expand our fleet. If Free
Bulkers crewing agents encounter business or financial
difficulties, they may not be able to adequately staff our
vessels. If Free Bulkers is unable to provide the commercial and
technical management service for our vessels, our business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial position and our
ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected.
We,
and one of our executive officers, have affiliations with Free
Bulkers that could create conflicts of interest detrimental to
us.
Our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Ion G.
Varouxakis, is also the controlling shareholder and officer of
Free Bulkers, which is our ship management company. These dual
responsibilities of our officer and the relationships between
the two companies could create conflicts of interest between
Free Bulkers and us. Each of our operating subsidiaries has a
nonexclusive management agreement with Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and post-charter
management of our fleet to Safbulk, which is controlled by FS
Holdings Limited, one of our principal shareholders. Although
Free Bulkers currently serves as manager for vessels owned by
us, neither Free Bulkers nor Safbulk is restricted from entering
into management agreements with other competing shipping
companies, and Safbulk provides management services to other
international shipping companies, including the Restis group,
which owns and operates vessels in the drybulk sector. Free
Bulkers or Safbulk could also allocate charter
and/or
vessel purchase and sale opportunities to others. There can be
no assurance that Free Bulkers or Safbulk would resolve any
conflicts of interest in a manner beneficial to us.
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Operational
or financial problems experienced by Free Bulkers, our
affiliate, may adversely impact us.
The ability of Free Bulkers to continue providing services for
us will depend in part on Free Bulkers own financial
strength. Circumstances beyond our control could impair Free
Bulkers financial strength and, as a result, Free
Bulkers ability to fulfill its obligations to us which
could have a material adverse effect on us.
If
Free Bulkers is unable to recruit suitable seafarers for our
fleet or as we expand our fleet, our results of operations may
be adversely affected.
We will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable senior officers
and crews as we expand our fleet. In addition, as we expand our
fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable
additional seafarers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers
will be able to continue to hire suitable employees as we expand
our fleet. If Free Bulkers crewing agents encounter
business or financial difficulties, they may not be able to
adequately staff our vessels. We expect that all or part of the
seafarers who will be employed on the ships in our fleet will be
covered by industry-wide collective bargaining agreements that
set basic standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements
will prevent labor interruptions. If Free Bulkers is unable to
recruit suitable seafarers as we expand our fleet, our business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and
our ability to pay dividends may be materially adversely
affected.
In the
highly competitive international drybulk shipping industry, we
may not be able to compete for charters with new entrants or
established companies with greater resources.
We employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is
capital intensive and highly fragmented. Competition arises
primarily from other vessel owners, some of whom have
substantially greater resources than we have. Competition for
the transportation of drybulk cargoes can be intense and depends
on price, location, size, age, condition and the acceptability
of the vessel and its managers to the charterers. Due in part to
the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources
could operate larger fleets through consolidations or
acquisitions that may be able to offer better prices and fleets.
A
decline in the market value of our vessels could lead to a
default under our loan agreements and the loss of our
vessels.
We have incurred secured debt under loan agreements for all of
our vessels. See See Business Loans for
Vessels. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may
not be in compliance with certain provisions of our existing
loan agreements and we may not be able to refinance our debt or
obtain additional financing. If we are unable to pledge
additional collateral, our lenders could accelerate our debt and
foreclose on our fleet.
Servicing
debt may limit funds available for other purposes and inability
to service debt may lead to acceleration of debt and foreclosure
on our fleet.
To finance our original fleet of vessels, one of which was sold
in April 2007, we incurred secured debt under loan agreements
with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. that are guaranteed
by us and unsecured, non-interest-bearing shareholder loans. As
of June 30, 2007, we had total debt consisting of loans
from shareholders of $15.9 million and a ratio of bank debt
to total capital of approximately 39%. The long-term debt
requires quarterly payments of principal and interest and the
shareholder loans require quarterly payments of principal. See
Business Loans for Vessels.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase two secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter, from non-affiliated parties for a total of
approximately $72.25 million. On August 20, 2007, we
entered into a memorandum of agreement to purchase the M/V
Free Goddess, a secondhand Handysize vessel for a total
purchase price of $25.2 million. We took delivery of the
M/V Free
Hero on July 3, 2007 and of the M/V Free Jupiter
on September 5, 2007 and we expect to take delivery of
the M/V
Free Goddess in October 2007. To finance the acquisition
of these vessels and other vessels we may acquire, we have
obtained loan commitments from HSH Nordbank AG and BTMU Capital
Corporation for an aggregate of $89.5 million in the form
of a secured senior loan and a junior secured loan, as well as a
$14.0 million unsecured loan from FS Holdings Limited, one
of our principal shareholders. We have also entered into a
credit agreement with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V.
increasing the
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amount available on an existing facility from $5.0 million
to $9.0 million. Our ability to borrow any undrawn portion
of the aggregate $89.5 million commitment amount under the
HSH Nordbank AG and BTMU Capital Corporation loans will
terminate on January 15, 2008.
The drawings under these facilities have materially increased
our long-term debt, our shareholder debt, and our ratio of debt
to total capital.
If we are not able to repay a portion of our borrowings using
the proceeds of this offering, we will be required to dedicate a
significant portion of our cash flow from operations to pay the
principal and interest on our debt. These requirements will
increase as we draw additional funds available for the
acquisition of new vessels. These payments will limit funds
otherwise available for working capital, capital expenditures
and other purposes. We will need to incur additional
indebtedness as we further expand our fleet, which would
increase our ratio of debt to equity. The need to service our
debt may limit funds available for other purposes, including
distributing cash to our shareholders, and our inability to
service debt could lead to acceleration of our debt and
foreclosure on our fleet.
We have negotiated an offer letter contingent upon, among other
things, the execution of formal loan agreements, for a senior
secured credit facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter
of this offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to finance or refinance,
as appropriate, up to 50% of the purchase price of the M/V
Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter and the M/V
Free Goddess and a $38.3 million facility to finance up
to 75% of the purchase price of additional vessels. The
repayment and interest terms contained in this offer letter are
more favorable than those contained in our debt facilities that
were used to acquire the M/V Free Hero and the M/V
Free Jupiter, and will be used to acquire the M/V Free
Goddess and would increase our cash flow and should result
in funds available for vessel acquisitions and payment of
dividends to our shareholders. We intend to enter into this
senior credit facility only if we successfully complete this
offering. We cannot assure you that we will enter into a formal
agreement with Credit Suisse. See Business
Loans for Vessels for a description of this Credit Suisse
offer letter.
Continued
increase in interest rates would reduce funds available to
purchase vessels and service debt.
The rise in interest rates since 2005 has caused our interest
cost to increase and has had a material adverse effect on our
net income. Any further interest rate increases could further
reduce our revenues and net income. We have purchased, and may
purchase in the future, vessels with loans that provide for
periodic interest payments based on indices that fluctuate with
changes in market interest rates. If interest rates increase
significantly, it would increase our costs of financing our
acquisition of vessels, which could decrease the number of
additional vessels that we could acquire and adversely affect
our financial condition and results of operations and may
adversely affect our ability to service debt.
Our
loan agreements and commitment letters contain covenants that
may limit our liquidity and corporate activities.
Our loan agreements impose operating and financial restrictions
on us. These restrictions may limit our ability to:
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incur additional indebtedness;
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create liens on our assets;
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sell capital stock of our subsidiaries;
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make investments;
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engage in mergers or acquisitions;
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pay dividends;
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make capital expenditures; and
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change the management of our vessels or terminate or materially
amend the management agreements and sell our vessels.
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In addition, our credit facilities contain a number of financial
covenants and general covenants that require us to, among other
things, maintain minimum vessel values, minimum cash balances on
deposit, minimum working capital and adequate insurance.
Therefore, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in
order to undertake certain corporate actions. Our lenders
interests may be different from ours, and we cannot guarantee
that we will be able to obtain our lenders permission when
needed. This may prevent us from taking actions that are in our
best interest.
We
cannot assure you that we will pay dividends.
There can be no assurance that dividends will be paid in the
anticipated amounts and frequency set forth in this prospectus
or at all. Following the closing of this offering, we intend to
declare and distribute a portion of our available cash from
operations as quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders in
February, May, August and November of each year. We currently
expect, assuming we complete this offering, that we will pay in
February 2008 a dividend of $0.175 per share for the 2007 fiscal
year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share in
each of the following three quarters as described in
Dividend Policy. However, we may incur other
expenses or liabilities that would reduce or eliminate the cash
available for distribution as dividends, including as a result
of the risks described in this section of the prospectus. Our
credit agreements may also prohibit our declaration and payment
of dividends under some circumstances. For example, our offer
letter for a senior secured credit facility from Credit Suisse,
the lead underwriter of this offering, permits payments of
dividends to our shareholders provided we are in compliance with
certain loan covenants. See Business Loans for
Vessels. We may also enter into new financing or other
agreements that will restrict our ability to pay dividends.
In addition, the declaration and payment of dividends will be
subject at all times to the discretion of our board of
directors. The timing and amount of dividends will depend on our
earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and
availability, fleet renewal and expansion, restrictions in our
credit agreements, the provisions of Marshall Islands law
affecting the payment of dividends and other factors. Marshall
Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends other
than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or would be
rendered insolvent upon the payment of such dividends; but in
case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out
of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is
declared and for the preceding fiscal year.
We are
a holding company, and we will depend on the ability of our
subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our
financial obligations or to make dividend
payments.
We are a holding company and our subsidiaries, which are all
wholly-owned by us either directly or indirectly, will conduct
all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We
have no significant assets other than the equity interests in
our wholly-owned subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make
dividend payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability
to distribute funds to us. If we are unable to obtain funds from
our subsidiaries, our board of directors may exercise its
discretion not to pay dividends. We and our subsidiaries will be
permitted to pay dividends under our senior secured term loan
only for so long as we are in compliance with all applicable
financial covenants, terms and conditions. In addition, we and
our subsidiaries are subject to limitations on the payment of
dividends under Marshall Islands laws discussed above.
The
performance of our existing charters and the creditworthiness of
our charterers may hinder our ability to implement our business
strategy by making additional debt financing unavailable or
available only at higher than anticipated cost.
The actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, and
any defaults by them, may materially affect our ability to
obtain the additional debt financing that we will require to
acquire additional vessels or may significantly increase our
costs of obtaining such financing. Our inability to obtain
additional financing at all, or at a higher than anticipated
cost, may materially impair our ability to implement our
business strategy.
24
As we
expand our business, we will need to upgrade our operational and
financial systems, and add more staff. If we cannot upgrade
these systems or recruit suitable additional employees, our
performance may suffer.
Our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate
if we expand the size of our fleet, and our attempt to improve
those systems may be ineffective. In addition, if we expand our
fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit
additional shoreside administrative and management personnel. We
cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be able to continue to
hire suitable additional employees as we expand our fleet. If we
cannot upgrade our operational and financial systems effectively
or recruit suitable additional employees our performance may
suffer and our ability to expand our business further will be
restricted.
We
will be required to evaluate our controls, as required by
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which will
require substantial resources. If these evaluations result in
the identification of material weaknesses, we may be adversely
affected until these weaknesses can be corrected.
We are required to comply with a variety of laws, regulations
and standards relating to corporate governance and public
disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (which we
refer to as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), SEC regulations and the
NASDAQ Stock Market rules. In particular, Section 404 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires managements annual review
and evaluation of our internal control systems, and attestations
as to the effectiveness of these systems by our independent
public accounting firm. We anticipate that we will have to
dedicate additional resources and accelerate progress on the
required assessments in order to complete documenting and
testing our internal control systems and procedures in the time
to enable us to timely file our annual report on
Form 20-F
for the year ended December 31, 2007. If we determine that
we will require additional employees to complete this process,
we may have difficulty in identifying and employing individuals
with the necessary knowledge and experience. During the course
of testing, deficiencies may be identified that we may not be
able to remediate to meet the deadline imposed by the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of
Section 404. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our
internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented
or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that
we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective
internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, if we
fail to correct any deficiencies we identify, we may not obtain
an unqualified attestation report from our independent public
accounting firm, which will be required for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2008. Failure to achieve and maintain an
effective internal control environment or obtain an unqualified
report could have a material adverse effect on the market price
of our common stock.
We may
be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and
other employees in the shipping industry, which may reduce the
effectiveness of our management and lower our results of
operations.
Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities
and efforts of our existing management team. The loss of any of
these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects
and financial condition. We have entered into employment
agreements with our chairman, chief executive officer and
president, Ion G. Varouxakis, and our chief financial officer,
Dimitris D. Papadopoulos. Our success will depend on retaining
key members of our management team. Difficulty in hiring and
retaining personnel could adversely affect our results of
operations and ability to pay dividends. We do not maintain
key man life insurance on any of our officers.
Our
vessels may suffer damage and may face unexpected dry-docking
costs, which could reduce our cash flow and impair our financial
condition.
If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a
dry-docking facility. The costs of dry-dock repairs are
unpredictable and can be substantial. We may have to pay
dry-docking costs that our insurance does not cover. The loss of
earnings while these vessels are being repaired and
reconditioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs,
would decrease our earnings.
25
Since
our fleet is currently small, the loss of service of any vessels
could have a material adverse effect on our
earnings.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we had three
vessels in our fleet. In April 2007, we sold one of our vessels
and we took delivery of two other vessels, the M/V Free
Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter, in July 2007 and
September 2007, respectively. Although we have entered into a
memorandum of agreement to acquire an additional vessel, this
acquisition is not expected to occur until late October 2007.
Please also see Summary Our Company and
Business Vessel Employment for
information regarding the M/V Free Jupiters
anticipated off-hire period due to a grounding incident. We do
not currently maintain insurance for loss of hire. Since our
fleet is currently small, the loss of service of any of our
vessels, especially our four current vessels, could have a
material adverse effect on our earnings.
Purchasing
and operating previously owned, or secondhand, vessels may
result in increased operating costs and vessels off-hire, which
could adversely affect our earnings.
We took delivery of two secondhand vessels, the M/V Free
Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter, on July 3, 2007
and September 5, 2007, respectively, and we have entered
into a memorandum of agreement to acquire an additional
secondhand vessel, the M/V Free Goddess. Although we
inspect the secondhand vessels that we acquire prior to
purchase, this inspection does not provide us with the same
knowledge about their condition and cost of any required (or
anticipated) repairs that we would have had if these vessels had
been built for and operated exclusively by us. Generally, we do
not receive the benefit of warranties on secondhand vessels.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating
condition increase with the age of the vessel. Upon acquisition
of the M/V Free Goddess, the average age of our drybulk
carriers at the time of this offering will be approximately
16 years. Older vessels are typically less fuel efficient
and more costly to maintain than more recently constructed
vessels. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a
vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers.
Governmental regulations or safety or other equipment standards
related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for
alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels
and may restrict the type of activities in which the vessels may
engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market
conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to
operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their
useful lives. If we sell vessels, it is not certain that the
price for which we sell them will equal their carrying amount at
that time.
Unless
we set aside reserves or are able to borrow funds for vessel
replacement, at the end of a vessels useful life our
revenue will decline, which would adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Unless we maintain reserves or are able to borrow or raise funds
for vessel replacement we will be unable to replace the vessels
in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, which we
expect to range from 25 years to 30 years, depending
on the type of vessel. Our cash flows and income are dependent
on the revenues earned by the chartering of our vessels to
customers. If we are unable to replace the vessels in our fleet
upon the expiration of their useful lives, our business, results
of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends
will be materially and adversely affected. Any reserves set
aside for vessel replacement may not be available for dividends.
Because
we will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but will
incur a portion of our expenses in other currencies, exchange
rate fluctuations could have an adverse impact on our results of
operations.
We will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars, but
we expect that portions of our future expenses will be incurred
in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference
could lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the
value of the dollar relative to the other currencies, in
particular the Euro. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies
against which the dollar falls in value can increase, decreasing
our revenues. For example, during 2006, the value of the dollar
declined by approximately 11% as compared to
26
the Euro and declined approximately 1.8% further during the
first six months of 2007. Further declines in the value of the
dollar could lead to higher expenses payable by us.
Investment
in derivative instruments such as freight forward agreements
could result in losses.
From time to time in the future, we may take positions in
derivative instruments including freight forward agreements, or
FFAs. FFAs and other derivative instruments may be used to hedge
a vessel owners exposure to the charter market by
providing for the sale of a contracted charter rate along a
specified route and period of time. Upon settlement, if the
contracted charter rate is less than the average of the rates,
as reported by an identified index, for the specified route and
time period, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer
an amount equal to the difference between the contracted rate
and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the
specified period. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater
than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the
seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs or other
derivative instruments and do not correctly anticipate charter
rate movements over the specified route and time period, we
could suffer losses in the settling or termination of the FFA.
This could adversely affect our results of operation and cash
flow.
We may
not have adequate insurance to compensate us adequately for
damage to, or loss of, our vessels.
We procure hull and machinery insurance, protection and
indemnity insurance, which includes environmental damage and
pollution insurance and war risk insurance for our fleet. We
currently do not maintain insurance against loss of hire, which
covers business interruptions that result in the loss of use of
a vessel. We can give no assurance that we are adequately
insured against all other risks. We may not be able to obtain
adequate insurance coverage for our fleet in the future. Our
insurance policies contain deductibles for which we will be
responsible and limitations and exclusions which may increase
our costs. Moreover, we cannot assure that the insurers will not
default on any claims they are required to pay. If our insurance
is not enough to cover claims that may arise, we may not be able
to repair any damage to our vessels or replace any vessel that
is lost or may have to use our own funds for those purposes,
thereby reducing our funds available to implement our business
strategy.
We may
have to pay tax on United States source income, which would
reduce our earnings.
Under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the
Code, 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or
chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries,
that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but
that does not both begin and end, in the United States may be
subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without
allowance for deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for
exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code and the
applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated thereunder.
We expect that we and each of our subsidiaries will qualify for
this statutory tax exemption for 2008 and subsequent years.
However, there are factual circumstances beyond our control that
could cause us to fail to qualify for this tax exemption and
thereby be subject to United States federal income tax on our
United States source income. For example, we would fail to
qualify for exemption under Section 883 of the Code for a
particular tax year if shareholders, each of whom owned,
actually or under applicable constructive ownership rules, a 5%
or greater interest in the vote and value of the outstanding
shares of our stock, owned in the aggregate 50% or more of the
vote and value of the outstanding shares of our stock, and
qualified shareholders as defined by the regulations
to Section 883 do not own, directly or under applicable
constructive ownership rules, sufficient shares in our
closely-held block of stock to preclude the shares in the
closely-held block that are not so owned from representing 50%
or more of the value of our stock for more than half of the
number of days during the taxable year. Establishing such
ownership by qualified shareholders will depend upon the status
of our direct and indirect individual shareholders as residents
of qualifying jurisdictions and whether they own shares through
bearer share arrangements and will require compliance with
ownership certification procedures by individual shareholders
that are residents of qualifying jurisdictions and by each
intermediary or other person in the chain of ownership between
us and such individuals. See, Tax
Considerations United States Federal Income Tax
Consequences United States Federal Income Taxation
27
of Our Company Exemption of Operating Income from
United States Federal Income Taxation, for more
information regarding this exemption. Due to the factual nature
of the issues involved, we can give no assurances on our
tax-exempt status or that of any of our subsidiaries.
It is not clear whether we will be entitled to the benefits of
Section 883 for 2006 and 2007. We do not anticipate, however,
that a material amount of United States federal tax would be
owed in the event that we do not qualify for the benefits of
Section 883 for such years.
If we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to exemption under
Section 883 for any taxable year, we or our subsidiaries
could be subject for those years to an effective 4%
U.S. federal income tax on the shipping income these
companies derive during the year that are attributable to the
transport of cargoes to or from the United States. The
imposition of this taxation would have a negative effect on our
business and would result in decreased earnings available for
distribution to our shareholders.
U.S.
tax authorities could treat us as a passive foreign
investment company, which could have adverse U.S. federal
income tax consequences to U.S. holders.
A foreign corporation will be treated as a passive foreign
investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income
tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income
for any taxable year consists of certain types of passive
income or (2) at least 50% of the average value of
the corporations assets produce or are held for the
production of those types of passive income. For
purposes of these tests, passive income includes
dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of
investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and
royalties which are received from unrelated parties in
connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For
purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of
services does not constitute passive income.
U.S. shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a
disadvantageous U.S. federal income tax regime with respect
to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they
receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the
sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.
Based on our proposed method of operation, we do not believe
that we will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this
regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are
deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services
income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that
our time chartering activities does not constitute passive
income, and the assets that we own and operate in
connection with the production of that income do not constitute
passive assets.
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC
rules addressing our proposed method of operation. Accordingly,
no assurance can be given that the U.S. Internal Revenue
Service, or IRS, or a court of law will accept our position, and
there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine
that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we
would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there
were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.
If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any
taxable year, our U.S. shareholders will face adverse
U.S. tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those
shareholders make an election available under the Code (which
election could itself have adverse consequences for such
shareholders, as discussed below under Tax
Considerations United States Federal Income Taxation
of U.S. Holders), such shareholders would be liable
to pay United States federal income tax at the then prevailing
income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess
distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our
common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been
recognized ratably over the shareholders holding period of
our common shares. See Tax Considerations
United States Federal Income Tax Consequences United
States Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders for a
more comprehensive discussion of the U.S. federal income
tax consequences to U.S. shareholders if we are treated as
a PFIC.
Legislation
has been proposed in the United States which would prevent
dividends on our shares from qualifying for certain preferential
rates for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Qualified dividend income derived by noncorporate
shareholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax is
currently subject to U.S. federal income taxation at
reduced rates. We expect that under current law, so
28
long as our shares are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market or
the NASDAQ Global Market and we do not and have not qualified as
a passive foreign investment company for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions treated as
dividends for U.S. tax purposes on our shares will
potentially be eligible (that is, eligible if certain conditions
relating to the shareholder are satisfied) for treatment as
qualified dividend income. Proposed legislation in the United
States would, however, if enacted, make it unlikely that such
distributions on our shares would be eligible for such
treatment. As of the date hereof, no assurance can be given
regarding whether or not such legislation will be enacted.
Offering-Specific
Risk Factors
There
may not be a liquid market for our common stock, which may cause
our common stock to trade at lower prices and make it difficult
to sell your common stock.
Although we have made application to list our shares on the
NASDAQ Global Market, until now our shares have traded on the
NASDAQ Capital Market and the trading volume has been low. We
cannot predict at this time how actively our shares will trade
in the public market or whether the price of our shares in the
public market will reflect our actual financial performance.
The
market price of our common stock has been and may in the future
be subject to significant fluctuations.
The market price of our common stock has been and may in the
future be subject to significant fluctuations as a result of
many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Among the
factors that have in the past and could in the future affect our
stock price are:
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quarterly variations in our results of operations;
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changes in sales or earnings estimates or publication of
research reports by analysts;
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speculation in the press or investment community about our
business or the shipping industry generally;
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changes in market valuations of similar companies and stock
market price and volume fluctuations generally;
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strategic actions by us or our competitors such as acquisitions
or restructurings;
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regulatory developments;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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general market conditions; and
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domestic and international economic, market and currency factors
unrelated to our performance.
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The stock markets in general, and the markets for drybulk
shipping and shipping stocks in general, have experienced
extreme volatility that has sometimes been unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. These broad
market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of
our common stock.
You
will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result
of this offering and may experience additional dilution in the
future.
If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will pay more
for your shares of common stock than the amounts paid on average
by our existing shareholders for their shares. As a result, you
will incur immediate and substantial dilution of $2.81 per
share, representing the difference between the public offering
price and our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per
share as of June 30, 2007, after giving effect to this
offering and the exercise of Class W and Class Z warrants
through October 23, 2007. In addition, purchasers of our
common stock from us in this offering will have contributed
approximately 85% of the aggregate price paid by all purchasers
of our common stock from us, but will own only approximately 60%
of the shares outstanding after this offering. For more
information, please see Dilution.
29
If
holders of our warrants exercise their right to purchase shares
of our common stock, you will experience immediate
dilution.
As of October 23, 2007, we have outstanding 200,000
Class A warrants issued to our initial shareholders, and
700,000 Class B warrants issued to FS Holdings Limited. Of
our publicly traded classes of warrants, we have outstanding as
of October 23, 2007 996,974 Class W warrants and
1,667,595 Class Z warrants. Each of these warrants is
exercisable to purchase one share of our common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share, and our Class A,
Class W and Class Z warrants must be exercised for
cash. Our Class A warrants expire July 29, 2011, our
Class B warrants expire on May 8, 2012 as to
275,000 shares and on June 22, 2012 as to
425,000 shares, our Class W warrants expire
July 29, 2009, and our Class Z warrants expire
July 29, 2011. As a result, if holders of our warrants
exercise their right to purchase shares of our common stock, we
may issue up to 3,564,569 additional shares of our common stock
at $5.00 per share, which will cause you immediate dilution.
In addition, we are obligated under the unit purchase option
sold to the lead underwriter in the initial public offering of
our predecessor to issue up to an additional 410,000 shares
of common stock. See Description of Capital
Stock Underwriters Unit Purchase Option.
Upon
the consummation of this offering, two of our principal
shareholders may effectively control the outcome of matters on
which our shareholders are entitled to vote, including the
election of directors and other significant corporate
actions.
Two of our principal shareholders, The Midas Touch S.A.
and FS Holdings Limited, controlled by Mr. Varouxakis and
members of the Restis family, respectively, currently own (not
including shares of common stock subject to options and
warrants) approximately 61.4% of our outstanding common stock.
Upon consummation of this offering they will own approximately
26.3% of our outstanding common stock. While our principal
shareholders have no agreement, arrangement or understanding
relating to the voting of their shares, they may effectively
control the outcome of matters on which our shareholders are
entitled to vote, including the election of directors and other
significant corporate actions. The interests of these
shareholders may be different from your interests.
Future
sales of our stock could cause the market price of our common
stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in
the public market, or the perception that these sales could
occur, may depress the market price for our common stock. These
sales could also impair our ability to raise additional capital
through the sale of our equity securities in the future. We have
registered for resale an aggregate of 840,834 shares of
common stock beneficially owned by certain of our shareholders,
3,672,500 shares of our common stock issuable upon the
exercise of our Class W and Class Z warrants
(including 151,250 shares of FreeSeas common stock issuable
upon exercise of Class W and Class Z warrants owned by
certain shareholders), and 410,000 shares issuable upon the
exercise of a unit purchase option held by the lead underwriter
in the initial public offering of our predecessor.
We may issue additional shares of our stock in the future and
our shareholders may elect to sell large numbers of shares held
by them from time to time. Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation authorize us to issue up to 40,000,000 shares
of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of
which 18,298,031 shares of common stock will be outstanding
immediately after this offering, assuming that the underwriters
do not exercise their over-allotment option. See
Prospectus Summary The Offering with
respect to the calculation of the number of shares outstanding
immediately following this offering.
Because
the Republic of the Marshall Islands, where we are incorporated,
does not have a well-developed body of corporate law,
shareholders may have fewer rights and protections than under
typical United States law, such as Delaware, and
shareholders may have difficulty in protecting their interest
with regard to actions taken by our Board of
Directors.
Our corporate affairs are governed by amended and restated
articles of incorporation and by-laws and by the Marshall
Islands Business Corporations Act, or BCA. The provisions of the
BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of
states in the United States. However, there have been few
judicial cases in
30
the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The
rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the law
of the Republic of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly
established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of
directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in
certain U.S. jurisdictions. Stockholder rights may differ
as well. For example, under Marshall Islands law, a copy of the
notice of any meeting of the shareholders must be given not less
than 15 days before the meeting, whereas in Delaware such
notice must be given not less than 10 days before the
meeting. Therefore, if immediate shareholder action is required,
a meeting may not be able to be convened as quickly as it can be
convened under Delaware law. Also, under Marshall Islands law,
any action required to be taken by a meeting of shareholders may
only be taken without a meeting if consent is in writing and is
signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote, whereas
under Delaware law action may be taken by consent if approved by
the number of shareholders that would be required to approve
such action at a meeting. Therefore, under Marshall Islands law,
it may be more difficult for a company to take certain actions
without a meeting even if a majority of the shareholders approve
of such action. While the BCA does specifically incorporate the
non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of
Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative
provisions, public shareholders may have more difficulty in
protecting their interests in the face of actions by the
management, directors or controlling shareholders than would
shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a
U.S. jurisdiction. For more information with respect to how
stockholder rights under Marshall Islands law compare with
stockholder rights under Delaware law, please read
Marshall Islands Company Considerations.
It may
not be possible for investors to enforce U.S. judgments against
us.
We, and all our subsidiaries, are or will be incorporated in
jurisdictions outside the U.S. and substantially all of our
assets and those of our subsidiaries and will be located outside
the U.S. In addition, most of our directors and officers
are or will be non-residents of the U.S., and all or a
substantial portion of the assets of these non-residents are or
will be located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be
difficult or impossible for U.S. investors to serve process
within the U.S. upon us, our subsidiaries, or our directors
and officers, or to enforce a judgment against us for civil
liabilities in U.S. courts. In addition, you should not
assume that courts in the countries in which we or our
subsidiaries are incorporated or where our or the assets of our
subsidiaries are located would enforce judgments of
U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our
subsidiaries based upon the civil liability provisions of
applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws or would
enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or our
subsidiaries based on those laws.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our organizational documents, and under Marshall
Islands corporate law, could make it difficult for our
shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors
or have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a
merger or acquisition, which could adversely affect the market
price of our common stock.
Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of
incorporation and by-laws, and certain provisions of the
Marshall Islands corporate law, could make it difficult for our
shareholders to change the composition of our board of directors
in any one year, preventing them from changing the composition
of management. In addition, these provisions may discourage,
delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may
consider favorable. These provisions include:
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|
authorizing our board of directors to issue blank
check preferred stock without shareholder approval;
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|
providing for a classified board of directors with staggered,
three year terms;
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|
prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
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|
authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only
upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a two-thirds
majority of the outstanding shares of our common shares, voting
as a single class, entitled to vote for the directors;
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limiting the persons who may call special meetings of
shareholders;
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|
|
establishing advance notice requirements for election to our
board of directors or proposing matters that can be acted on by
shareholders at shareholder meetings; and
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31
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|
limiting our ability to enter into business combination
transactions with certain shareholders.
|
These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the
ability of public shareholders to benefit from a change in
control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price
of our common shares and your ability to realize any potential
change of control premium.
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These
forward-looking statements include information about possible or
assumed future results of our operations or our performance.
Words such as expects, intends,
plans, believes,
anticipates, estimates, and variations
of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify
the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are
reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations
will prove to have been correct. These statements involve known
and unknown risks and are based upon a number of assumptions and
estimates which are inherently subject to significant
uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our
control. Actual results may differ materially from those
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to,
statements regarding:
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our future operating or financial results;
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|
future, pending or recent acquisitions, business strategy, areas
of possible expansion, and expected capital spending or
operating expenses;
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drybulk shipping industry trends, including charter rates and
factors affecting vessel supply and demand;
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our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to
obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital
expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate
activities;
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our ability to pay dividends in the future;
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availability of crew, number of off-hire days, dry-docking
requirements and insurance costs;
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our expectations about the availability of vessels to purchase
or the useful lives of our vessels;
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our ability to leverage to our advantage our managers
relationships and reputations in the drybulk shipping industry;
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changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns;
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changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken
by regulatory authorities;
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potential liability from future litigation and incidents
involving our vessels;
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global and regional political conditions;
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|
acts of terrorism and other hostilities; and
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|
|
other factors discussed in the section titled Risk
Factors.
|
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, or the
documents to which we refer you in this prospectus, to reflect
any change in our expectations with respect to such statements
or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which
any statement is based.
32
PRICE
RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbol FREE
upon completion of our merger with Trinity Partners Acquisition
Company Inc. Our Class W and Class Z warrants also are
traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols
FREEW and FREEZ, respectively. We have
applied to have our common stock and warrants listed on the
NASDAQ Global Market under the same symbols upon completion of
this offering.
The closing high and low sales prices of our common stock as
reported by the NASDAQ Capital Market, for the periods
indicated, are as follows:
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For the Period:
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Low
|
|
|
High
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2005(1)
|
|
$
|
5.33
|
|
|
$
|
5.40
|
|
Quarterly for 2005:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter(1)
|
|
$
|
5.33
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|
|
$
|
5.40
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
$
|
2.62
|
|
|
$
|
5.45
|
|
Quarterly for 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
|
|
$
|
4.50
|
|
|
$
|
5.45
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
$
|
3.65
|
|
|
$
|
4.85
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
$
|
3.70
|
|
|
$
|
5.07
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
$
|
2.62
|
|
|
$
|
4.90
|
|
Quarterly for 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
$
|
5.15
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
$
|
4.55
|
|
|
$
|
7.63
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
$
|
6.77
|
|
|
$
|
9.35
|
|
Fourth quarter (through October 23, 2007)
|
|
$
|
7.52
|
|
|
$
|
10.24
|
|
Monthly for 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
$
|
5.11
|
|
February
|
|
$
|
4.53
|
|
|
$
|
4.77
|
|
March
|
|
$
|
4.40
|
|
|
$
|
5.15
|
|
April
|
|
$
|
4.55
|
|
|
$
|
5.00
|
|
May
|
|
$
|
4.75
|
|
|
$
|
6.45
|
|
June
|
|
$
|
6.09
|
|
|
$
|
7.63
|
|
July
|
|
$
|
7.42
|
|
|
$
|
9.35
|
|
August
|
|
$
|
6.77
|
|
|
$
|
8.65
|
|
September
|
|
$
|
7.14
|
|
|
$
|
7.84
|
|
October (through October 23, 2007)
|
|
$
|
7.52
|
|
|
$
|
10.24
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes the high and low information from December 16,
2005, the date on which our securities began trading on the
NASDAQ Capital Market. Prior to our merger with Trinity,
Trinitys securities traded on the OTC Bulletin Board. |
33
Following the closing of this offering, we intend to pay
quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders equal to a portion
of our available cash from operations during the previous
quarter after expenses and reserves for scheduled dry-dockings,
intermediate and special surveys and other purposes as our board
of directors may determine from time to time are required, and
after taking into account any other cash needs. We expect that
we will pay a dividend in February 2008 of $0.175 per share for
the 2007 fiscal year followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175
per share in each of the subsequent three quarters following the
closing of the offering at the annual rate of $0.70 per share
(or the pro rata portion thereof if the dividend period is less
than a full quarter), assuming we complete this offering.
We cannot assure you that we will pay dividends. We may not have
sufficient funds with which to pay dividends at all or at the
anticipated frequency or amount set forth in this prospectus.
Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the
discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of
dividend payments will be dependent upon our earnings, financial
position, cash requirements and availability, fleet renewal and
expansion, and restrictions in our loan agreements, as well as
the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of
distributions to shareholders and other factors. Our board of
directors will specifically consider our available cash flow
from operations during the previous quarter, less cash expenses
for that quarter (primarily vessel operating expenses and
interest expense) and any reserves our board of directors
determines we should maintain for reinvestment in our business
before declaring a quarterly dividend to our shareholders. These
reserves may cover, among other things, dry-docking,
intermediate and special surveys, liabilities and other
obligations, interest expense and debt amortization,
acquisitions of additional assets and working capital. Further,
we cannot assure you that, after the expiration or earlier
termination of our charters, we will have any sources of income
from which dividends may be paid. We refer you to the
disclosures under the headings Forward-Looking
Statements and Tax Considerations included
elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, see Risk
Factors for a discussion of certain risks related to our
ability to pay dividends.
34
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately
$83,197,500 from this offering, assuming that the
underwriters over-allotment option is not exercised and
after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses.
We expect to enter into an $87.0 million credit agreement
with Credit Suisse following completion of this offering as
described further under Business Loans for
Vessels. We intend to use the net proceeds of this
offering and a $48.7 million draw under the Credit Suisse
credit agreement to refinance an aggregate of $71.5 million
of our existing indebtedness and for other purposes.
We intend to use the remaining proceeds for general corporate
purposes, including future vessel acquisitions.
As of the date of this prospectus, we intend to use the net
proceeds of this offering and the amount drawn under the Credit
Suisse credit agreement to pay the following:
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|
|
|
|
$14.0 million outstanding as of June 30, 2007 under a
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan which bears
interest at an annual rate of 12% and has a maturity date of the
earlier of (i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a
Capital Event, which is defined as any event in
which we raise gross proceeds of not less than $40 million
in an offering of our common stock or other equity securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for our equity
securities, or (iii) the date of acceleration of the
amounts due under the loan;
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|
|
|
$42.7 million of our $68.0 million senior secured loan
from HSH Nordbank A.G. which has a maturity date of
August 31, 2015 and bears interest at an annual rate of
LIBOR plus 1.5%, which amount was drawn subsequent to
June 30, 2007;
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|
|
|
$12.9 million of our $21.5 million junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation which has a maturity date of
August 31, 2010 and bears interest at a annual rate of
LIBOR plus 2.75%, which amount was drawn subsequent to
June 30, 2007;
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|
|
|
$1.9 million as of June 30, 2007 under preexisting
interest-free shareholder loans used to finance the acquisition
of our original three vessels which mature on the earlier of
January 1, 2008 or the date that we raise additional
capital of at least $12.5 million; and
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|
|
|
The unpaid portion of the purchase price of the M/V Free
Goddess or, if the purchase of the M/V Free Goddess
occurs prior to the closing of this offering, the
$20.8 million that will be drawn down under our senior and
junior loans to finance in part the purchase of this vessel.
|
If we do not purchase the M/V Free Goddess, we may use
the proceeds of this offering to purchase other vessels or for
general corporate purposes. In particular, certain events may
arise that could result in us not taking delivery of the M/V
Free Goddess, such as its total loss, a constructive
total loss, or if it suffers substantial damage prior to its
delivery.
See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and
Capital Resources and Business Loans for
Vessels for more information about our Acquisition Debt
Facilities and our other borrowings.
35
The following table sets forth our consolidated capitalization
as of June 30, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
on a historical basis without any adjustment to reflect
subsequent events;
|
|
|
|
as adjusted to reflect certain changes in our debt outstanding,
and the exercise of 831,776 Class W warrants and 176,155 Class Z
warrants, as of October 23, 2007, but without giving effect
to the payment of $250,000 due on September 30, 2007 on our
shareholders loan, which payment due date has been
extended; and
|
|
|
|
on an as further adjusted basis for the sale of
11,000,000 shares at an offering price of $8.25 per
share net of underwriters discounts and commissions,
offering expenses, and after receipt and application of net
proceeds together with the new secured credit facility from
Credit Suisse that we intend to enter into following the
completion of this offering. See Business
Loans for Vessels.
|
Other than as set forth in the As Adjusted column,
there have been no material changes in our capitalization
between June 30, 2007 and the date of this prospectus.
Current portion of long-term debt in the As Adjusted
column represents the current portion of the existing debt as of
June 30, 2007; in the As Further Adjusted
column, part of the proceeds of the offering will be used to
repay a portion of the debt outstanding as of June 30, 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As Further
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
As Adjusted
|
|
|
Adjusted
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited; dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
Debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders loans, current portion(1)
|
|
$
|
1,864
|
|
|
$
|
1,864
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Shareholders loans, net of current portion(1)(2)
|
|
|
12,193
|
|
|
|
12,193
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
Long-term debt, current portion
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
7,530
|
(3)
|
|
|
5,750
|
(6)
|
Long-term debt, net of current portion
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
52,070
|
(3)
|
|
|
46,950
|
(6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
$
|
18,557
|
|
|
$
|
73,657
|
|
|
$
|
52,700
|
(6)
|
Shareholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares
authorized, none issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares
authorized; 6,290,100 and 6,908,905 shares issued and
outstanding, actual and as adjusted
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
7
|
(4)
|
|
|
18
|
(7)
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
11,612
|
|
|
|
16,398
|
(5)
|
|
|
99,585
|
(8)
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
$
|
11,539
|
|
|
$
|
16,326
|
|
|
$
|
99,524
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$
|
30,096
|
|
|
$
|
89,983
|
|
|
$
|
152,224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Shareholders loans are unsecured and unguaranteed as of
October 23, 2007. |
(2) |
|
Reflects the $14.0 million outstanding balance of the loan
from FS Holdings net of the discount relating to the 700,000
warrants issued to FS Holdings in connection with this loan. See
Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements
included elsewhere in this prospectus. |
(3) |
|
Reflects our borrowings of $55.6 million under our senior
and junior financing sources used to pay the
remaining
balance of the purchase price of each of the M/V Free
Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter and the remaining
$4.0 million outstanding as of October 23, 2007 on the
loans relating to the M/V Free Envoy and the M/V Free
Destiny. |
(4) |
|
Reflects an increase of $1,000 in common stock resulting from
the issuance of 1,007,931 shares upon exercise of Class W
and Class Z warrants. |
(5) |
|
Reflects the addition of $4.78 million of net proceeds
received in connection with the exercise of Class W and Class Z
warrants. |
(6) |
|
Reflects the repayment of the shareholders loans and the
outstanding borrowings under our senior and junior loans used to
finance in part the purchase price of the M/V Free Hero
and the M/V Free Jupiter with the net |
36
|
|
|
|
|
proceeds of this offering and with
a draw down of $48.7 million under the facility that we
expect to enter into with Credit Suisse, of which
$3.75 million would be current. In addition, the amount
includes $4 million outstanding as of October 23, 2007
on the loans relating to the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V
Free Envoy, of which $2.0 million is current. Does
not reflect the drawdown, and repayment of, $20.8 million
under our senior and junior loans, which we anticipate will be
necessary in connection with the purchase of the M/V Free
Goddess prior to the closing of this offering. See Use
of Proceeds.
|
|
|
|
(7)
|
|
Reflects an increase of $11,000 in
common stock resulting from the issuance of 11,000,000 shares in
this offering.
|
(8)
|
|
Reflects the addition of
$4.78 million of net proceeds received in connection with
the exercise of Class W and Class Z warrants and of
$83.18 million of net proceeds from this offering.
|
As of June 30, 2007, our actual cash and cash equivalents
totaled $7.7 million, and on an as further
adjusted basis, cash and cash equivalents would total
$41.9 million, including restricted cash of $1.1 million.
Our cash on an as further adjusted basis also
assumes that we have paid the remaining purchase price of
$22.7 million for the M/V Free Goddess. If we
purchase the M/V Free Goddess after we close this
offering, we will use the net proceeds of this offering and a
draw under the credit facility we expect to enter into with
Credit Suisse to fund the remaining purchase price. If we
purchase the M/V Free Goddess before we close this
offering, we will borrow $20.8 million from our existing
facilities and use our available cash to pay the
$1.9 million balance. We expect to subsequently refinance
the $20.8 million borrowed once we complete this offering.
See Use of Proceeds.
37
If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted
to the extent of the difference between the public offering
price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net
tangible book value per share of our common stock after this
offering. Dilution results from the fact that the per-share
offering price of the common stock is greater than the net
tangible book value per share for the common stock outstanding
before this offering.
At June 30, 2007, we had net tangible book value of
$11,539,000, or $1.83 per share. As of October 23,
2007, we have received an aggregate of $5,039,655 in gross
proceeds, which resulted in net proceeds of $4,787,672 after
deducting fees due to a financial advisor, from exercises of
Class W and Class Z warrants. We issued
1,007,931 shares of common stock in accordance with the
terms of these warrants in connection with the exercises. As a
result of such exercises and without giving effect to any other
changes in our total tangible asset and total liabilities, at
June 30, 2007, we had an adjusted net tangible book value
of $16,326,672, or $2.24 per share. After giving effect to the
issuance of 11,000,000 shares of common stock in this
offering at an offering price of $8.25 per share, the pro
forma net tangible book value and adjusted net tangible book
value at June 30, 2007 would have been $94,736,500 and
$99,524,172, respectively, or $5.48 per share and $5.44 per
share, respectively. This represents an immediate appreciation
in net tangible book value and adjusted net tangible book value
at June 30, 2007 of $3.64 per share and $3.20 per
share, respectively, to existing shareholders and an immediate
dilution of net tangible book value of $2.77 per share and $2.81
per share, respectively, to new investors. The following table
illustrates the pro forma per share dilution and appreciation at
June 30, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
As Adjusted(1)
|
|
|
Initial offering price per share in this offering
|
|
$
|
8.25
|
|
|
$
|
8.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net tangible book value per share
|
|
$
|
1.83
|
|
|
$
|
2.24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to
new investors in this offering
|
|
$
|
3.64
|
|
|
$
|
3.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after giving effect
to this offering
|
|
$
|
5.48
|
|
|
$
|
5.44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilution per share to the new investors
|
|
$
|
2.77
|
|
|
$
|
2.81
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reflects the dilution and appreciation as of June 30, 2007
after giving effect to the exercise of 831,776 Class W warrants
and 176,155 Class Z warrants through October 23, 2007. |
Net tangible book value per share of our common stock is
determined by dividing our tangible net worth, which consists of
tangible assets less liabilities, by the number of shares of our
common stock outstanding. Dilution is determined by subtracting
the net tangible book value per share of common stock after this
offering from the public offering price per share. Dilution per
share to new investors would be $2.63 if the underwriters
exercise in full their over-allotment option.
38
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of
June 30, 2007, and as adjusted to give effect to the
exercise of 831,776 Class W warrants and 176,155 Class Z
warrants through October 23, 2007, the differences between
the number of shares of common stock acquired from us, the total
amount paid and the average price per share paid by the existing
holders of shares of common stock and by the investors in this
offering.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma Shares
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
|
Consideration
|
|
|
Price per
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
Existing shareholders
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
|
$
|
11,539,000
|
|
|
|
11
|
%
|
|
$
|
1.83
|
|
Shareholders exercising warrants through October 23, 2007
|
|
|
1,007,931
|
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
$
|
5,039,655
|
(1)
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.00
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
|
60
|
%
|
|
$
|
90,750,000
|
|
|
|
84
|
%
|
|
$
|
8.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
18,298,031
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
107,328,655
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.87
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Gross proceeds received from the exercise of Class W and Class Z
warrants. |
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, the following will occur:
|
|
|
|
|
the pro forma percentage of shares of our common stock held by
existing shareholders and shareholders exercising warrants
between June 30, 2007 and October 23, 2007 will
decrease to approximately 37% of the total number of pro forma
shares of our common stock outstanding after this
offering; and
|
|
|
|
the number of shares of our common stock held by new investors
will increase to 12,650,000, or approximately 63% of the total
number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this
offering.
|
The information in the table above excludes (as of
October 23, 2007):
A. up to 250,000 shares reserved for issuance upon the
exercise of stock options currently outstanding (of which, as of
June 30, 2007, options to purchase 166,667 shares had
vested), which have an exercise price of $5.00 per share and
expire on December 16, 2010, and up to
1,250,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock
options that may be granted in the future under our stock
incentive plan;
B. 3,564,569 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance upon the exercise of outstanding warrants as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 Class A warrants held by our initial shareholders
exercisable at $5.00 per share and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
|
|
|
700,000 Class B warrants held by FS Holdings Limited
exercisable at $5.00 per share of which 275,000 expire on
May 8, 2012 and 425,000 expire on June 22, 2012;
|
|
|
|
996,974 Class W warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share and
expiring July 29, 2009;
|
|
|
|
1,667,595 Class Z warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
C. 410,000 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance upon the exercise of the unit purchase option sold to
the lead underwriter in the initial public offering of our
predecessor, which unit purchase option expires July 29,
2009, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
25,000 shares of common stock included in the 12,500
Series A units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $17.325 per
Series A unit;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 62,500 Class W warrants included in
the 12,500 Series A units;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 62,500 Class Z warrants included in
the 12,500 Series A units;
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
130,000 shares of common stock included in the 65,000
Series B units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $16.665 per
Series B unit;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 65,000 Class W warrants included in
the 65,000 Series B units;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable for $5.50 per
share upon exercise of 65,000 Class Z warrants included in
the 65,000 Series B units; and
|
D. shares that may be issued pursuant to the
underwriters over-allotment option.
To the extent that any options or warrants are exercised or new
options or shares of common stock are issued under our amended
and restated 2005 stock incentive plan, there will be further
dilution to investors in this offering.
The following table assumes the exercise of all options and
warrants outstanding as of October 23, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased
|
|
|
Total Consideration
|
|
|
Price per
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
Existing shareholders(1)
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
28
|
%
|
|
$
|
11,539,000
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
$
|
1.83
|
|
Shareholders exercising warrants through October 23, 2007
|
|
|
1,007,931
|
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
$
|
5,039,655
|
(2)
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.00
|
|
Shares subject to options and warrants(3)
|
|
|
4,224,569
|
|
|
|
19
|
%
|
|
$
|
21,775,133
|
|
|
|
17
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.15
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
|
48
|
%
|
|
$
|
90,750,000
|
|
|
|
70
|
%
|
|
$
|
8.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
22,522,600
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
129,103,788
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
5.73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Excluding shares subject to options and warrants. |
|
(2) |
|
Gross proceeds received from the exercise of Class W and Class Z
warrants. |
|
(3) |
|
Includes an aggregate of 700,000 warrants issued on May 8,
2007 and June 22, 2007. |
40
SELECTED
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AND OTHER DATA
The following selected historical financial information and
other data were derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2004 (from
inception), 2005 and 2006 and our unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2006 and 2007 included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The information is only a summary and should be read
in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial
statements and related notes included in this prospectus and the
section of this prospectus titled Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations. The historical data included below and
elsewhere in this prospectus are not necessarily indicative of
our future performance.
All amounts in the tables below are in thousands of
U.S. dollars, except for share data, fleet data and average
daily results.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,562
|
|
|
$
|
2,986
|
|
|
$
|
7,830
|
|
|
$
|
5,430
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
|
|
(482
|
)
|
|
|
(349
|
)
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
|
|
(39
|
)
|
|
|
(686
|
)
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Vessel operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and
amortization expenses shown separately below)
|
|
|
(899
|
)
|
|
|
(1,033
|
)
|
|
|
(2,313
|
)
|
|
|
(2,065
|
)
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(655
|
)
|
|
|
(1,081
|
)
|
|
|
(1,467
|
)
|
|
|
(2,221
|
)
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry-docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(123
|
)
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
(318
|
)
|
|
|
(222
|
)
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
(360
|
)
|
|
|
(270
|
)
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
(216
|
)
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
(379
|
)
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(640
|
)
|
|
|
(390
|
)
|
|
|
(982
|
)
|
|
|
(822
|
)
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
Gain on sale of vessel
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(414
|
)
|
|
|
(265
|
)
|
|
|
(633
|
)
|
|
|
(511
|
)
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(125
|
)
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
(176
|
)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) for period
|
|
|
1,710
|
|
|
|
(603
|
)
|
|
|
2,623
|
|
|
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
470
|
|
Earnings Per Share Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.27
|
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.41
|
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Weighted average number of shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,921,050
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,476,315
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
9,106
|
|
|
$
|
1,417
|
|
|
$
|
5,286
|
|
|
$
|
1,443
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets, net
|
|
|
10,268
|
|
|
|
19,369
|
|
|
|
23,848
|
|
|
|
16,188
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
32,804
|
|
|
|
23,086
|
|
|
|
29,840
|
|
|
|
18,335
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities, including current portion of
long-term debt
|
|
|
6,572
|
|
|
|
10,260
|
|
|
|
10,231
|
|
|
|
4,971
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt, including shareholders loans, net of
current portion
|
|
|
14,693
|
|
|
|
5,819
|
|
|
|
9,750
|
|
|
|
9,978
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
21,265
|
|
|
|
16,079
|
|
|
|
20,135
|
|
|
|
14,949
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
11,539
|
|
|
|
7,007
|
|
|
|
9,705
|
|
|
|
3,386
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
EBITDA (1)
|
|
$
|
2,863
|
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
$
|
5,002
|
|
|
$
|
683
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
Fleet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average number of vessels (2)
|
|
|
2.29
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
2.64
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
2.55
|
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
Ownership days (3)
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Available days (4)
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
1,005
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Operating days (5)
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Fleet utilization (6)
|
|
|
97.6
|
%
|
|
|
91.6
|
%
|
|
|
96.4
|
%
|
|
|
90.2
|
%
|
|
|
85.9
|
%
|
|
|
95.9
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Average Daily Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average TCE rate (7)
|
|
$
|
16,256
|
|
|
$
|
11,008
|
|
|
$
|
15,856
|
|
|
$
|
8,969
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
Vessel operating expenses (8)
|
|
|
4,322
|
|
|
|
3,784
|
|
|
|
4,839
|
|
|
|
3,803
|
|
|
|
4,094
|
|
|
|
3,863
|
|
|
|
3,221
|
|
Management fees (9)
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
|
738
|
|
Total vessel operating expenses (10)
|
|
$
|
4,827
|
|
|
$
|
4,278
|
|
|
$
|
5,341
|
|
|
$
|
4,300
|
|
|
$
|
4,587
|
|
|
$
|
4,387
|
|
|
$
|
3,959
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
We consider EBITDA to represent net earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization. Under the laws of the
Marshall Islands, we are not subject to tax on international
shipping income. However, we are subject to registration and
tonnage taxes, which have been included in vessel operating
expenses. Accordingly, no adjustment for taxes has been made for
purposes of calculating EBITDA. EBITDA does not represent and
should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash
flow from operations, as determined by United States generally
accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and our
calculation of EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by
other companies. EBITDA is included herein because it is an
alternative measure of our liquidity, performance and
indebtedness. |
42
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA reconciliation to net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
1,710
|
|
|
$
|
(603
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,623
|
|
|
$
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
1,193
|
|
|
|
1,785
|
|
|
|
2,443
|
|
|
|
4,921
|
|
|
|
3,908
|
|
|
|
981
|
|
Interest and finance cost
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
594
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
|
1,068
|
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
|
|
$
|
2,863
|
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
$
|
5,002
|
|
|
$
|
683
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that
constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by
the sum of the number of days each vessel was a part of our
fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days
in the period. |
|
(3) |
|
Ownership days are the total number of days in a period during
which the vessels in our fleet have been owned by us. Ownership
days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and
affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses
that we record during a period. |
|
(4) |
|
Available days are the number of ownership days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
major repairs, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number
of ownership days in a period during which vessels should be
capable of generating revenues. |
|
(5) |
|
Operating days are the number of available days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping
industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of
days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues. |
|
(6) |
|
We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our
fleets operating days during a period by the number of
ownership days during the period. The shipping industry uses
fleet utilization to measure a companys efficiency in
finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the
amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons such as
scheduled repairs, vessel upgrades, or dry-dockings or other
surveys. |
|
(7) |
|
Time charter equivalent, or TCE, is a measure of the average
daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Our
method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards
and is determined by dividing operating revenues (net of voyage
expenses) by operating days for the relevant time period. Voyage
expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that
are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid
by the charterer under a time charter contract. TCE is a
standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to
compare period-to-period changes in a shipping companys
performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e.,
spot charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which
the vessels may be employed between the periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,562
|
|
|
$
|
2,986
|
|
|
$
|
7,830
|
|
|
$
|
5,430
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
Voyage expenses and commissions
|
|
|
(262
|
)
|
|
|
(234
|
)
|
|
|
(521
|
)
|
|
|
(1,035
|
)
|
|
|
(1,488
|
)
|
|
|
(608
|
)
|
|
|
(143
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating revenues
|
|
$
|
3,300
|
|
|
$
|
2,752
|
|
|
$
|
7,309
|
|
|
$
|
4,395
|
|
|
$
|
10,239
|
|
|
$
|
9,718
|
|
|
$
|
2,687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating days
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Time charter equivalent rates
|
|
$
|
16,256
|
|
|
$
|
11,008
|
|
|
$
|
15,856
|
|
|
$
|
8,969
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
|
|
(8) |
|
Average daily vessel operating expenses, which includes crew
costs, provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil,
insurance, maintenance and repairs, is calculated by dividing
vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant
time periods: |
43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
1,033
|
|
|
$
|
2,313
|
|
|
$
|
2,065
|
|
|
$
|
4,483
|
|
|
$
|
3,596
|
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
Ownership days
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
244
|
|
Daily vessel operating expense
|
|
$
|
4,322
|
|
|
$
|
3,784
|
|
|
$
|
4,839
|
|
|
$
|
3,803
|
|
|
$
|
4,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,863
|
|
|
$
|
3,221
|
|
|
|
|
(9) |
|
Daily management fees are calculated by dividing total
management fees paid on ships owned by ownership days for the
relevant time period. |
|
(10) |
|
Total vessel operating expenses, or TVOE, is a measurement of
our total expenses associated with operating our vessels. TVOE
is the sum of daily vessel operating expense and daily
management fees. Daily TVOE is calculated by dividing TVOE by
fleet ownership days for the relevant time period. |
44
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following managements discussion and analysis should
be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere
in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking
statements that reflect our current views with respect to future
events and financial performance. Our actual results may differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of various factors, such as those set
forth in the section entitled Risk Factors and
elsewhere in this prospectus.
General
We are a shipping company that currently operates four vessels
in the drybulk shipping market through our wholly owned
subsidiaries. We were formed on April 23, 2004 under the
name Adventure Holdings S.A. pursuant to the laws of
the Republic of the Marshall Islands to serve as the parent
holding company of the ship-owning entities. On April 27,
2005, we changed our name to FreeSeas Inc.
On December 15, 2005, we completed a merger with Trinity
Partners Acquisition Company Inc., a blank check corporation
organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Under the
terms of the merger, we were the surviving corporation. Each
outstanding share of Trinitys common stock and
Class B common stock was converted into the right to
receive an equal number of shares of our common stock, and each
Trinity Class W warrant and Class Z warrant was
converted into the right to receive an equal number of our
Class W warrants and Class Z warrants.
Our common stock, Class W warrants and Class Z
warrants began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbols FREE, FREEW and
FREEZ, respectively. As a result of the merger, Trinitys
former securities, including the Trinity Class A Units and
the Class B Units, ceased trading on the OTC
Bulletin Board.
The operations of our vessels are managed by Free Bulkers, an
affiliated Marshall Islands corporation. Free Bulkers provides
us with a wide range of shipping services. These services
include, at a monthly fee per vessel, the required technical
management, such as managing day-to-day vessel operations
including supervising the crewing, supplying, maintaining and
dry-docking of vessels. Also for a fee, Free Bulkers covers the
commercial management of our fleet, such as identifying suitable
vessel charter opportunities, which are provided by Safbulk Pty,
Ltd., a company controlled by one of our affiliates, under a
subcontract agreement from Free Bulkers. In addition, Free
Bulkers provides us with all the necessary accounting services
and, effective July 1, 2007, all the necessary financial
reporting services for a fixed quarterly fee.
During the six-month period ended June 30, 2007, our fleet
consisted of three Handysize vessels that carried a variety of
drybulk commodities, including coal, iron ore, and grains, or
major bulks, as well as bauxite, phosphate, fertilizers and
steel products, or minor bulks. We sold one of the three
vessels, the M/V Free Fighter, on April 27, 2007 for
gross proceeds of $11,075,000, and net proceeds of $10,606,000
after deducting selling costs. Therefore, as of June 30,
2007, our fleet consisted of two Handysize vessels, the M/V
Free Destiny built in 1982 with a carrying capacity of
25,240 dwt and the M/V Free Envoy built in 1984 with a
carrying capacity of 26,318 dwt.
Subsequent to the quarter ended June 30, 2007, we acquired
the M/V Free Hero built in 1995 with a carrying capacity
of 24,318 dwt, and the M/V Free Jupiter built in 2002
with a carrying capacity of 47,777 dwt, for $25,250,000 and
$47,000,0000, respectively. In addition, we entered into a
memorandum of agreement to acquire the M/V Free Goddess
built in 1995 with a carrying capacity of 22,051 dwt for
$25,200,000. See Note 16 to our interim financial
statements for additional details on the acquisition, of the M/V
Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter and the M/V
Free Goddess.
45
The following table details the vessels owned or to be acquired.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
|
|
Delivery
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Class
|
|
Dwt
|
|
|
Built
|
|
|
Flag
|
|
Price
|
|
Date
|
|
Employment
|
|
Free Envoy
|
|
Handysize
|
|
|
26,318
|
|
|
|
1984
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
$9.50 million
|
|
September 20, 2004
|
|
One-year time charter through April 2008 at $17,000 per day
|
Free Destiny
|
|
Handysize
|
|
|
25,240
|
|
|
|
1982
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
$7.60 million
|
|
August 3, 2004
|
|
70-day time charter at $28,000 per day
|
Free Hero
|
|
Handysize
|
|
|
24,318
|
|
|
|
1995
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
$25.25 million
|
|
July 3, 2007
|
|
Balance of time charter through December 2008/February 2009 at
$14,500 per day
|
Free Jupiter
|
|
Handymax
|
|
|
47,777
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
$47.00 million
|
|
September 5, 2007
|
|
Initial one-trip time charter with approximately seven days
remaining at $43,000 per day followed by an unscheduled
dry-docking to complete repairs; thereafter to be delivered to a
new charterer under a three-year time charter at $32,000 per day
for the first year, $28,000 per day for the second year, and
$24,000 per day for the third year
|
Free Goddess
|
|
Handysize
|
|
|
22,051
|
|
|
|
1995
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
$25.20 million
|
|
Expected late
October 2007
|
|
Two-month time charter at $13,000 per day; thereafter a two-year
time charter at $19,250 per day
|
Acquisition
of Vessels
From time to time as opportunities arise, we intend to acquire
additional secondhand drybulk carriers. We recently accepted
delivery of the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter, and are currently under contract to acquire the M/V
Free Goddess, as described in Note 16 to our interim
financial statements.Vessels are generally acquired free of
charter. The M/V Free Hero was acquired subject to a
novation, or assumption, of its existing charter, and the M/V
Free Jupiter was acquired free of charter. If no charter
is in place when a vessel is acquired, we usually enter into a
new charter contract. The shipping industry uses income days
(also referred to as voyage or operating
days) to measure the number of days in a period during which
vessels actually generate revenues.
Consistent with shipping industry practice, we treat the
acquisition of a vessel (whether acquired with or without a
charter) as the acquisition of an asset rather than a business.
When we acquire a vessel, we conduct, also consistent with
shipping industry practice, an inspection of the physical
condition of the vessel, unless practical considerations do not
allow such an inspection. We also examine the vessels
classification society records. We do not obtain any historical
operating data for the vessel from the seller. We do not
consider that information material to our decision on acquiring
the vessel.
Prior to the delivery of a purchased vessel, the seller
typically removes from the vessel all records and log books,
including past financial records and accounts related to the
vessel. Upon the change in ownership, the technical management
agreement between the sellers technical manager and the
seller is automatically terminated and the vessels trading
certificates are revoked by its flag state, in the event the
buyer determines to change the vessels flag state.
46
It is rare in the shipping industry for the last charterer of a
vessel from a seller to continue as the first charterer of the
vessel from the buyer. Where a vessel has been under a voyage
charter, the seller delivers the vessel free of charter to the
buyer. When a vessel is under time charter and the buyer wishes
to assume that charter, the buyer cannot acquire the vessel
without the charterers consent and an agreement between
the buyer and the charterer for the buyer to assume the charter.
The purchase of a vessel does not in itself transfer the charter
because the charter is a separate service agreement between the
former vessel owner and the charterer.
When we acquire a vessel and want to assume or renegotiate a
related time charter, we must take the following steps:
|
|
|
|
|
Obtain the charterers consent to us as the new owner;
|
|
|
|
Obtain the charterers consent to a new technical manager;
|
|
|
|
Obtain the charterers consent to a new flag for the
vessel, if applicable;
|
|
|
|
Arrange for a new crew for the vessel;
|
|
|
|
Replace all hired equipment on board the vessel, such as gas
cylinders and communication equipment;
|
|
|
|
Negotiate and enter into new insurance contracts for the vessel
through our own insurance brokers;
|
|
|
|
Register the vessel under a flag state and perform the related
inspections in order to obtain new trading certificates from the
flag state, if we change the flag state;
|
|
|
|
Implement a new planned maintenance program for the vessel; and
|
|
|
|
Ensure that the new technical manager obtains new certificates
of compliance with the safety and vessel security regulations of
the flag state.
|
Our business comprises the following primary components:
|
|
|
|
|
Employment and operation of our drybulk carriers; and
|
|
|
|
Management of the financial, general and administrative elements
involved in the ownership and operation of our drybulk vessels.
|
The employment and operation of our vessels involve the
following activities:
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|
|
|
|
Vessel maintenance and repair;
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|
|
|
Planning and undergoing dry-docking, special surveys and other
major repairs;
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|
Organizing and undergoing regular classification society surveys;
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Crew selection and training;
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|
|
Vessel spares and stores supply;
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|
|
Vessel bunkering;
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|
|
|
Contingency response planning;
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|
|
Onboard safety procedures auditing;
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|
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Accounting;
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|
|
Vessel insurance arrangements;
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|
|
Vessel chartering;
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|
Vessel hire management; and
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|
Vessel performance monitoring.
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47
Important
Measures for Analyzing Our Results of Operations
We believe that the important measures for analyzing trends in
the results of our operations consist of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
Ownership days. We define ownership days as
the total number of calendar days in a period during which each
vessel in the fleet was owned by us. Ownership days are an
indicator of the size of the fleet over a period and affect both
the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that we record
during that period.
|
|
|
|
Available days. We define available days as
the number of ownership days less the aggregate number of days
that our vessels are off-hire due to major repairs, dry-dockings
or special or intermediate surveys. The shipping industry uses
available days to measure the number of ownership days in a
period during which vessels are actually capable of generating
revenues.
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|
|
|
Operating days. Operating days are the number
of available days in a period less the aggregate number of days
that vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including
unforeseen circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating
days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period during
which vessels actually generate revenues.
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|
|
|
Fleet utilization. We calculate fleet
utilization by dividing the number of operating days during a
period by the number of ownership days during that period. The
shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a
companys efficiency in finding suitable employment for its
vessels and minimizing the amount of days that its vessels are
off-hire for any reason including scheduled repairs, vessel
upgrades, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
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|
|
|
Off-hire. The period a vessel is unable to
perform the services for which it is required under a charter.
Off-hire periods typically include days spent undergoing repairs
and dry-docking, whether or not scheduled.
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|
|
|
Time charter. A time charter is a contract for
the use of a vessel for a specific period of time during which
the charterer pays substantially all of the voyage expenses,
including port costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses. The
vessel owner pays the vessel operating expenses, which include
crew wages, insurance, technical maintenance costs, spares,
stores and supplies and commissions on gross voyage revenues.
Time charter rates are usually fixed during the term of the
charter. Prevailing time charter rates do fluctuate on a
seasonal and year-to-year basis and may be substantially higher
or lower from a prior time charter agreement when the subject
vessel is seeking to renew the time charter agreement with the
existing charterer or enter into a new time charter agreement
with another charterer. Fluctuations in time charter rates are
influenced by changes in spot charter rates.
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|
|
|
Voyage charter. A voyage charter is an
agreement to charter the vessel for an agreed per-ton amount of
freight from specified loading port(s) to specified discharge
port(s). In contrast to a time charter, the vessel owner is
required to pay substantially all of the voyage expenses,
including port costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses, in
addition to the vessel operating expenses.
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|
|
|
Time charter equivalent (TCE). The time
charter equivalent equals voyage revenues minus voyage expenses
divided by the number of operating days during the relevant time
period, including the trip to the loading port. TCE is a
standard seaborne transportation industry performance measure
used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a seaborne
transportation companys performance despite changes in the
mix of charter types (i.e., spot charters, time charters and
bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed
during a specific period.
|
|
|
|
EBITDA. We consider EBITDA to represent net
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Under the laws of the Marshall Islands, we are not subject to
tax on international shipping income. However, we are subject to
registration and tonnage taxes, which have been included in
vessel operating expenses. Accordingly, no adjustment for taxes
has been made for purposes of calculating EBITDA. EBITDA does
not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to
net income or cash flow from operations, as determined by United
States generally accepted accounting principles, or
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. GAAP, and our calculation of EBITDA may not be
comparable to that reported by other companies. EBITDA is
included herein because it is an alternative measure of our
liquidity performance and indebtedness.
|
See Selected Historical Financial Information and Other
Data Performance Indicators for a quantitative
analysis of how we are performing against these measures.
Revenues
Our revenues are driven primarily by the number of vessels in
our fleet, the number of operating days during which our vessels
generate revenues, and the amount of daily charter hire that our
vessels earn under charters. These, in turn, are affected by a
number of factors, including the following:
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|
|
|
|
Our ability to acquire additional vessels;
|
|
|
|
The nature and duration of our charters;
|
|
|
|
Our decisions regarding vessel acquisitions and sales;
|
|
|
|
The amount of time that we spend repositioning our vessels;
|
|
|
|
The amount of time that our vessels spend in dry-dock undergoing
repairs;
|
|
|
|
Maintenance and upgrade work;
|
|
|
|
The age, condition and specifications of our vessels;
|
|
|
|
The levels of supply and demand in the drybulk carrier
transportation market; and
|
|
|
|
Other factors affecting charter rates for drybulk carriers.
|
A voyage charter is generally a contract to carry a specific
cargo from a load port to a discharge port for an
agreed-upon
total amount. Under voyage charters, we pay voyage expenses such
as port, canal and fuel costs. A time charter trip and a period
time charter or period charter are generally contracts to
charter a vessel for a fixed period of time at a set daily rate.
Under time charters, the charterer pays voyage expenses. Under
both types of charters, we pay for vessel operating expenses,
which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,
lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs. We are also
responsible for each vessels dry-docking and intermediate
and special survey costs.
Vessels operating on period time charters provide more
predictable cash flows, but can yield lower profit margins than
vessels operating in the spot charter market for single trips
during periods characterized by favorable market conditions. We
previously addressed this risk while also taking advantage of
increases in profitability in the drybulk market generally by
negotiating profit sharing arrangements in each of our period
time charters, which provide for potential revenues above the
fixed time charter rates. We may enter into profit-sharing
arrangements in the future, if available. We have also addressed
this risk by arranging a mix of spot and short-term period
charters, and in the future may consider a mix of spot and
medium- to long-term period charter business.
Vessels operating in the spot charter market generate revenues
that are less predictable, but may enable us to capture
increased profit margins during periods of improvements in
drybulk rates. We would also be exposed to the risk of declining
drybulk rates, however, which may have a materially adverse
impact on our financial performance. If we fix vessels on period
time charters and are not able to negotiate profit sharing
arrangements, future spot market rates may be higher or lower
than those rates at which we have period time chartered our
vessels. We will evaluate our opportunities to employ our
vessels on spot or period time charters, depending on whether we
can obtain contract terms that satisfy our criteria.
A standard maritime industry performance measure is the
daily time charter equivalent or daily
TCE. Daily TCE revenues are voyage revenues minus voyage
expenses divided by the number of operating days during the
relevant time period. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port,
canal and fuel costs that are unique to a particular voyage and
that would otherwise be paid by a charterer under a time
charter. We believe that
49
the daily TCE neutralizes the variability created by unique
costs associated with particular voyages or the employment of
drybulk carriers on time charter or on the spot market and
presents a more accurate representation of the revenues
generated by our drybulk carriers. Our average daily TCE rates
for 2004, 2005, and 2006 were $11,012, $10,882 and $10,881,
respectively, and our average daily TCE rates for the first six
months of 2006 and 2007 were $8,969 and $15,856, respectively.
We negotiated a 25% profit-sharing arrangement in each of the
time charters for the M/V Free Envoy through September
2005 and the M/V Free Destiny through October 2005 in
which we received 25% of the net amount generated by the
charterer over the base rate that the charterer paid to us.
Payment to us of our share of the profits has occurred at the
end of a voyage. Actual and final figures were computed, and any
adjustments in the payments made, occurred within 30 days
of vessel redelivery. During the periods ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, we earned $295,000, $769,800 and $0,
respectively, from the profit sharing arrangements. The
profit-sharing arrangements did not impose any monetary or
non-monetary obligation upon us. We did not enter into any
profit-sharing arrangements during fiscal 2006.
Vessel
Operating Expenses
Vessel operating expenses include crew wages and related costs,
the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and
maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage
taxes and other miscellaneous expenses. Our vessel operating
expenses, which generally represent fixed costs, will increase
if we increase the number of vessels in our fleet. Some of these
expenses are beyond our control, such as insurance costs and the
cost of spares.
One of our vessels, the M/V Free Jupiter, will be
undergoing an unscheduled dry-docking for repairs necessitated
by a grounding incident off the coast of the Philippines on
September 21, 2007. Operations to re-float the vessel have
been completed and it is currently anticipated that the M/V
Free Jupiter will complete its current one-trip time
charter and undergo the unscheduled dry-docking for repairs. The
vessel will be out of service during this dry-docking. Based on
information available to us at the present time, we currently
estimate that the vessel will be out of service until
approximately the end of November 2007, although we can
provide no assurances that the repair period may not be longer.
We expect that the vessels insurance will cover the
vessels repairs and related expenses, less applicable
deductibles.
Depreciation
During the period from April 23, 2004 (date of inception)
to December 31, 2004 and the years ended December 31,
2005 and 2006, we depreciated our drybulk carriers on a
straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which we
currently estimate to be 27 years from the date of their
initial delivery from the shipyard for financial statement
purposes. Commencing during the three months ended
March 31, 2007, we changed the estimated useful life for
the M/V Free Fighter to 30 years. See
Liquidity and Capital Resources for a
discussion of the factors affecting the actual useful lives of
our drybulk carriers. Depreciation is based on cost less the
estimated residual value. We capitalize the total costs
associated with a dry-docking and amortize these costs on a
straight-line basis over the period before the next dry-docking
becomes due, which is typically 24 to 36 months.
Regulations or incidents may change the estimated dates of
future dry-dockings.
Seasonality
Coal, iron ore and grains, which are the major bulks of the
drybulk shipping industry, are somewhat seasonal in nature. The
energy markets primarily affect the demand for coal, with
increases during hot summer periods when air conditioning and
refrigeration require more electricity and towards the end of
the calendar year in anticipation of the forthcoming winter
period. The demand for iron ore tends to decline in the summer
months because many of the major steel users, such as automobile
makers, reduce their level of production significantly during
the summer holidays. Grains are completely seasonal as they are
driven by the harvest within a climate zone. Because three of
the five largest grain producers (the United States of America,
Canada and the European Union) are located in the northern
hemisphere and the other two (Argentina and Australia)
50
are located in the southern hemisphere, harvests occur
throughout the year and grains require drybulk shipping
accordingly.
Principal
Factors Affecting Our Business
The principal factors that affect our financial position,
results of operations and cash flows include the following:
|
|
|
|
|
Number of vessels owned and operated;
|
|
|
|
Charter market rates, which approached new historical record
high levels in May 2007, and periods of charter hire;
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses and voyage costs, which are incurred
in both U.S. Dollars and other currencies, primarily Euros;
|
|
|
|
Cost of dry-docking and special surveys;
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expenses, which are a function of the cost, any
significant post-acquisition improvements, estimated useful
lives and estimated residual scrap values of our vessels;
|
|
|
|
Financing costs related to the indebtedness incurred by us,
which totaled $240,000, $1,076,000 and $1,004,000 for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006,
respectively; and
|
|
|
|
Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
|
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For three months ended
|
|
|
For six months ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
OPERATING REVENUES
|
|
$
|
3,562
|
|
|
$
|
2,986
|
|
|
$
|
7,830
|
|
|
$
|
5,430
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
|
(899
|
)
|
|
|
(1,033
|
)
|
|
|
(2,313
|
)
|
|
|
(2,065
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
|
|
(39
|
)
|
|
|
(686
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(655
|
)
|
|
|
(1,081
|
)
|
|
|
(1,467
|
)
|
|
|
(2,221
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred charges
|
|
|
(123
|
)
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
(318
|
)
|
|
|
(222
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
(360
|
)
|
|
|
(270
|
)
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
|
|
(482
|
)
|
|
|
(349
|
)
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
(216
|
)
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
(379
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(640
|
)
|
|
|
(390
|
)
|
|
|
(982
|
)
|
|
|
(822
|
)
|
Gain on sale of vessel
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
|
$
|
2,102
|
|
|
$
|
(215
|
)
|
|
$
|
3,188
|
|
|
$
|
(1,584
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
$
|
(414
|
)
|
|
$
|
(265
|
)
|
|
$
|
(633
|
)
|
|
$
|
(511
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(125
|
)
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
(176
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (expense)
|
|
$
|
(392
|
)
|
|
$
|
(388
|
)
|
|
$
|
(565
|
)
|
|
$
|
(674
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
1,710
|
|
|
$
|
(603
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,623
|
|
|
$
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51
Results
of Operations
Three
and six months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the three
and six months ended June 30, 2006
REVENUES Operating revenues for three months
ended June 30, 2007 were $3,562,000, an increase of
$576,000 for the comparable period in 2006. For the six months
ended June 30, 2007 operating revenues were $7,830,000, an
increase of $2,400,000 compared to $5,430,000 in operating
revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2006. Revenues
increased primarily as a result of improved time charter rates
despite a reduction of 65 operating days resulting from the sale
of the M/V Free Fighter.
OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating expenses,
which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,
lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs, totaled
$899,000 and $2,313,000 in the three and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively, as compared to $1,033,000 and
$2,065,000 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006,
respectively. The decrease of $134,000 in vessel operating
expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2007 as
compared to the comparable period in 2006, results primarily
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter on April 27,
2007. The comparative incremental expense of $248,000 for the
six months ended June 30, 2007 includes approximately
$230,000 associated with two unscheduled repairs during February
2007, causing expenses beyond normal operation and maintenance
costs (i.e., main engine turbocharger of the M/V Free
Envoy; main generator of the M/V Free Destiny) and
approximately $90,000 for larger than normal lubricant and
stores quantities on the M/V Free Fighter for re-entering
the market after undergoing dry-docking and general survey
(October through December 2006) offset by a decrease of
$134,000 in vessel operating expenses resulting from the sale of
the M/V Free Fighter on April 27, 2007.
Consequently, the daily vessel operating expenses per vessel
owned, including the management fees paid to our affiliate, Free
Bulkers, were $4,827 and $5,341 for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2007, respectively, as compared to $4,278
and $4,300 for the comparable periods in 2006 an increase of
12.8% and 24.2% for the three and six month periods,
respectively.
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expenses, port expenses, port agency
fees, tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were $37,000
and $39,000 (expenses related to a cargo survey at owners
expense) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively, as compared to $49,000 and $686,000 for the three
and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. The
decrease in voyage expenses was because there were no voyage
charters during the six months ended June 30, 2007.
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For the three
and six months ended June 30, 2007, depreciation expense
totaled $655,000 and $1,467,000, respectively, as compared to
$1,081,000 and $2,221,000, respectively, for the same period in
2006. The decrease in depreciation expense resulted primarily
from the change of the estimated useful life of the M/V Free
Fighter to 30 years from 27 years, based on
managements re-evaluation of the useful life following the
vessels regularly scheduled fifth special survey and
docking, as well as the subsequent sale of the M/V Free
Fighter on April 27, 2007. For the three months ended
June 30, 2007, amortization of dry-dockings, special survey
costs and amortization of financing costs totaled $123,000, and
increase of $11,000 from the expense report in the comparable
period in 2006. For the six months ended June 30, 2007,
amortization of dry-dockings, special survey costs and
amortization of financing costs totaled $318,000 as compared to
$222,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The
increase in amortization expenses resulted primarily from
financing costs related to the availability of the credit
facilities secured for the purchase of the new vessels discussed
in Note 16 to our financial statements.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for each of
the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 totaled
$225,000 and $360,000, respectively, as compared to $135,000 and
$270,000, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2006. The
increase resulted primarily from the fees paid in connection
with the potential acquisition of the new four vessels starting
on the date of the memoranda of agreement. Management fees are
paid to our affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the technical
management of our vessels and for certain accounting services
related to the vessels operations. Pursuant to the
management agreements related to each of our current vessels, we
pay Free Bulkers a monthly management fee of $15,000 per vessel
commencing from the date of the relevant purchase memorandum of
agreement. In addition, we reimburse at cost the travel and
other personnel expenses of the Free Bulkers staff, including
the per diem paid by Free Bulkers, when
52
Free Bulkers employees are required to attend our vessels
at port, both prior to and after taking delivery. These
agreements have no specified termination date. We anticipate
that Free Bulkers would manage any additional vessels that we
may acquire in the future on comparable terms. We believe that
the management fees paid to Free Bulkers are comparable to those
charged by unaffiliated management companies.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES For the three months ended
June 30, 2007, commissions paid amounted to $225,000 as
compared to $185,000 for the three months ended June 30,
2006. Commissions paid during the six months ended June 30,
2007 totaled $482,000, compared to $349,000 for the six months
ended June 30, 2006. The commission fees represent
commissions paid to Free Bulkers and unaffiliated third parties.
Commissions paid to Free Bulkers equal 1.25% of freight or hire
collected from the employment of our vessels. Free Bulkers has
entered into a commercial sub-management agreement with Safbulk,
an affiliate of FS Holdings Limited, one of our principal
shareholders, pursuant to which Safbulk has agreed to perform
charter and post charter management services for our fleet. Free
Bulkers has agreed to pay Safbulk a fee equal to 1.25% of
freight or hire collected from the employment of our vessels.
The increase of $40,000 and $133,000 for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, as compared to
the same periods in 2006 relate directly to the increase of
operating revenues in the respective periods. General and
administrative expenses, which included, among other things,
international safety code compliance expenses, travel expenses
and communications expenses, totaled $640,000 and $982,000 for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively,
as compared to $390,000 and $822,000 for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. Our general and
administrative expenses increased by $250,000 and $160,000
during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007
primarily because of an accrual of $483,000 for audit and legal
fees relating to our SEC filings in 2007. If our general and
administrative expenses were adjusted for such cost accrual, our
general and administrative expenses would have been $157,000 and
$499,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively, as compared to $390,000 and $822,000 for the
comparable periods in 2006. The decrease in general and
administrative expenses, after adjusting for the cost accrual
described above, is the result of the departure of two of our
executive officers in January 2007.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE For the
three and six months ended June 30, 2007, compensation cost
totaled $25,000 and $50,000, respectively, as compared to
$216,000 and $379,000 for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2006, respectively. Compensation costs reflect
non-cash, equity based compensation of our executive officers.
The decrease is primarily a result of the departure of two of
our executive officers in January 2007.
FINANCING COSTS For the three months ended
June 30, 2007 financing costs were $414,000, an increase of
$149,000 from the $265,000 in the three month period ended
June 30, 2007. Financing costs for the six months ended
June 30, 2007 were $633,000 as compared to $511,000 for the
six months ended June 30, 2006. Our financing costs
represent the fees incurred and interest paid in connection with
the bank loans for our vessels. The increase in financing costs
resulted primarily from financing costs incurred to secure the
financing sources related to the acquisition of new vessels.
NET (LOSS)/INCOME Net income for the three
and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $1,710,000 and
$2,623,000, respectively, as compared to net loss of $603,000
and $2,258,000 for the three and six months ended June 30,
2006, respectively. The net income for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2007 resulted primarily from the recognition
of a gain $1,369,000 from the sale of the M/V Free
Fighter, increased revenues due to increased charter rates,
and decreased depreciation and amortization expense due to a
change in the estimated useful live of the M/V Free
Fighter. Additionally, there was a decrease in compensation
expense of $191,000 and $329,000 for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2007, respectively, as compared to the same
periods in 2006.
53
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 (fiscal 2006) as
compared to year ended December 31, 2005
(fiscal 2005)
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
|
For the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
OPERATING REVENUES
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry-docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) Income from operations
|
|
|
(2,281
|
)
|
|
|
1,205
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(1,043
|
)
|
|
|
(1,053
|
)
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Basic weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
REVENUES Operating revenues for fiscal 2006
were $11,727,000, an increase of $1,401,000 from $10,326,000 in
operating revenues for fiscal 2005. Included herein, revenues
representing the profit-sharing portion of our charters were $0
for fiscal 2006 as compared to $769,800 in revenues representing
the profit-sharing portion of our charters for fiscal 2005. We
are no longer entering into profit-sharing arrangements with
charterers. Revenues increased primarily as a result of an
increase in voyage revenue relating to the M/V Free Fighter
which was in service for 12 months in fiscal 2006 as
compared to five months in fiscal 2005 offset by a decrease in
operating revenue from the M/V Free Destiny resulting
from a decrease in the number of days the vessel was available
due to its dry-docking.
VESSEL OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating
expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine
stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs,
totaled $4,483,000 in fiscal 2006 as compared to $3,596,000 for
fiscal 2005. The increase in vessel operating expenses primarily
reflects the operation of the M/V Free Fighter for a full
12 months during fiscal 2006 as compared to five months
during fiscal 2005. The daily vessel operating expenses,
including the management fees paid to our affiliate, Free
Bulkers, per vessel were $4,587 for fiscal 2006, an increase of
4.5% as compared to $4,387 for fiscal 2005.
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expenses, port expenses, port agency
fees, tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were $689,000
for fiscal year 2006 as compared to $55,000 in fiscal 2005.
Voyage expenses increased primarily as a result of a voyage
carried out by the M/V Free Fighter during the first and
second quarter of 2006.
54
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For fiscal
2006, depreciation expense totaled $4,479,000, as compared to
$3,553,000 for fiscal 2005. The increase in depreciation expense
resulted primarily from the depreciation of the M/V Free
Fighter for a full year. For fiscal 2006 amortization of
dry-dockings and special survey costs totaled $442,000 as
compared to $355,000 in fiscal 2005. The increase in
amortization expenses resulted primarily from the dry-docking of
the M/V Free Envoy in June 2006.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for fiscal
2006 totaled $540,000, an increase of $52,000 from the
management fees of $488,000 in fiscal 2005. The management fees
increased as a result of the operation of the M/V Free
Fighter for 12 months in fiscal 2006 as compared to
five months in fiscal 2005. Management fees are paid to our
affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the management of our vessels.
Pursuant to the management agreements related to each of our
current vessels, we pay Free Bulkers a monthly management fee of
$15,000 per vessel. We have also agreed to pay Free Bulkers a
fee equal to 1.25% of freight or hire collected from the
employment of our vessels and a 1% commission on the purchase
price of any new vessels acquired or the sales price of any
vessel sold by us with the assistance of Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has entered into a sub-management agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of FS Holdings, one of our principal
shareholders, pursuant to which Safbulk has agreed to perform
charter and post charter management services for our fleet. Free
Bulkers has agreed to pay Safbulk 1.25% of freight or hire
collected from the employment of our vessels. In addition, we
reimburse at cost the travel and other personnel expenses of the
Free Bulkers staff, including the per diem paid by Free Bulkers
to its staff, when they are required to attend our vessels at
port. These agreements have no specified termination date. We
anticipate that Free Bulkers would manage any additional vessels
that we may acquire in the future on comparable terms. We
believe that the management fees paid to Free Bulkers are
comparable to those charged by unaffiliated management companies.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES Commissions paid during fiscal 2006
totaled $799,000, compared to the fiscal 2005 total of $553,000.
The commission fees paid in fiscal 2006 and 2005 represented
commissions paid to Free Bulkers and unaffiliated third parties.
Our commissions paid increase primarily as a result of increased
operations of the M/V Free Fighter, which we acquired in
June 2005. General and administrative expenses, which included,
among other things, international safety code compliance
expenses, travel expenses and communications expenses, totaled
$1,925,000 in fiscal 2006 as compared to $321,000 in fiscal
2005. Our general and administrative expenses increased
primarily as a result of an increase in salaries, legal fees,
accounting and auditing fees, director and officer insurance
costs and other fees and expenses relating to being a public
company for the full fiscal year as compared to 15 days in
fiscal 2005 as well as the write off as bad debt of certain
charter hire due in 2005 relating to certain profit-sharing
arrangements and not yet collected and the write-off of
approximately $234,000 in fiscal 2006 relating to expenses and
legal and advisory fees incurred in connection with a
convertible debt offering that was not consummated.
COMPENSATION COST For fiscal 2006,
compensation cost totaled $651,000, as compared to $200,000 for
fiscal 2005. The compensation cost for fiscal 2005 reflected
$20,000 of cash compensation due, but not paid as of
December 31, 2005, to our executive officers under their
employment agreements from the agreements effective date,
December 15, 2005, through the end of 2005. The remaining
$180,000 reflects non-cash, stock-based compensation awarded to
our executive officers pursuant to their employment agreements.
Compensation costs for fiscal 2006 reflect equity based
compensation to our executive officers. The significant increase
is primarily a result of the adoption of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123R for the recognition of
stock-based compensation.
FINANCING COSTS Our financing costs for
fiscal 2006 were $1,004,000 as compared to $1,076,000 for fiscal
2005. Our financing costs represent the fees incurred and
interest paid in connection with the bank loans for our vessels.
The decrease resulted primarily from the partial repayment of
our bank loans.
NET (LOSS)/INCOME Net loss for fiscal 2006
was $3,324,000 as compared to net income of $152,000 for fiscal
2005. The net loss for fiscal 2006 resulted primarily from
decreases in charter revenue earned during the first six months
of fiscal 2006, increases in voyage operating expenses and
depreciation resulting from the operation of the M/V Free
Fighter for a full 12 months in 2006 as compared to
five months in 2005 and the increase in general and
administrative expenses resulting from operating as a public
company for a full 12 months in 2006 as compared to
15 days in 2005.
55
Year
Ended December 31, 2005 (fiscal 2005) as
compared to the period from April 23, 2004
(date of inception) to December 31, 2004
(fiscal 2004)
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Period from
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
Date of Inception
|
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
(April 23, 2004) to
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
OPERATING REVENUES
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry-docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from operations
|
|
|
1,205
|
|
|
|
706
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(1,053
|
)
|
|
|
(236
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Basic weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of shares
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
REVENUES Operating revenues for fiscal 2005
were $10,326,000, an increase of $7,496,000 or 265% from
$2,830,000 in operating revenues for fiscal 2004. Included
herein, revenues representing the profit-sharing portion of our
charters were $769,800 for fiscal 2005, an increase of 161%,
from the $295,000 in revenues representing the profit sharing
portion of our charters for fiscal 2004. The increase in
operating revenues and revenues representing the profit-sharing
portion of our charters is primarily a result of the operations
of the M/V
Free Destiny and the M/V Free Envoy for the entire
2005 year and the addition of the M/V Free Fighter
to our fleet in mid-2005.
VESSEL OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating
expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine
stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs,
totaled $3,596,000 in fiscal 2005 as compared to $786,000 for
fiscal 2004. The daily vessel operating expenses, including the
management fees paid to our affiliate, Free Bulkers, per vessel
were $4,387 for fiscal 2005, an increase of 10.8% over the
$3,959 daily vessel operating expenses for fiscal 2004. The
increase in vessel operating expenses primarily reflects the
operation of the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V Free
Envoy for a full 12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared
to four and three months in fiscal 2004, respectively. This
increase also reflects the
start-up
costs, such as expenses relating to the upgrade of the
vessels engines, generators and safety equipment,
associated with the purchase of and subsequent improvement
consistent with our standards, of the M/V Free Fighter.
56
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expense, port expenses, port agency fees,
tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were $55,000 for
fiscal 2005 as compared to $16,000 in fiscal 2004. Voyage
expenses increased primarily as a result of the operation of the
M/V Free Destiny and M/V Free Envoy for a full
12 months in 2005 as compared to four and three months in
2004, respectively, and the addition of the M/V Free Fighter
in 2005.
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For fiscal
2005, depreciation expense totaled $3,553,000, as compared to
$872,000 for fiscal 2004. The increase in depreciation expense
resulted primarily from our vessels being in service for a full
12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared to four and three
months, for the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V Free
Envoy, respectively, in fiscal 2004 and the addition of a
third vessel to our fleet. The increase was partially offset by
an increase in the residual value of each vessel from $150 per
ton to $250 per ton beginning on July 1, 2005. For fiscal
2005 amortization of dry-dockings and special survey costs
totaled $355,000, an increase of 226% from $109,000 in fiscal
2004. The increase in amortization expense resulted primarily
from vessels being in service for additional days and the
addition of a third vessel to our fleet.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for fiscal
2005 totaled $488,000, an increase of $308,000 from the
management fees of $180,000 in fiscal 2004. Management fees are
paid to our affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the management of our
vessels. Pursuant to the management agreements related to each
of our current vessels, we pay Free Bulkers a monthly management
fee of $15,000 per vessel. We have also agreed to pay Free
Bulkers a fee equal to 1.25% of freight or hire collected from
the employment of our vessels and a 1% commission on the gross
purchase price of any new vessels acquired or the sales price of
any vessel sold by us with the assistance of Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has entered into a sub-management agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of FS Holdings, one of our principal
shareholders, pursuant to which Safbulk has agreed to perform
charter and post charter management services for our fleet. Free
Bulkers has agreed to pay Safbulk 1.25% of freight or hire
collected from the employment of our vessels. In addition, we
reimburse at cost the travel and other personnel expenses of the
Free Bulkers staff, including the per diem paid by Free Bulkers
to its staff, when they are required to attend our vessels at
port. These agreements have no specified termination date. We
anticipate that Free Bulkers would manage any additional vessels
that we may acquire in the future on comparable terms. We
believe that the management fees paid to Free Bulkers are
comparable to those charged by unaffiliated management
companies. Free Bulkers has entered into an agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of one of our principal shareholders, and
has subcontracted to Safbulk the commercial management of our
vessels. Free Bulkers is responsible for paying Safbulks
corresponding fees.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES Commissions paid during fiscal 2005
totaled $553,000, an increase of $426,000 from the fiscal 2004
total of $127,000. The commission fees in 2005 represented
commissions paid to unaffiliated third parties and to Free
Bulkers. The commission fees paid in fiscal 2004 were chartering
commissions paid to unaffiliated third parties in connection
with the chartering of our vessels. Our commissions paid
increased primarily as a result of the increase in our charter
revenue, which reflected that our vessels were in service
additional days and that we acquired a third vessel for our
fleet. General and administrative expenses, which included,
among other things, safety code compliance expenses, travel
expenses and communications expenses, totaled $321,000 in fiscal
2005 as compared to $34,000 in fiscal 2004. Our general and
administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of the
increase in our legal, accounting and investor relations
expenses associated with our becoming a publicly traded company.
COMPENSATION COST For fiscal 2005,
compensation cost totaled $200,000, as compared to $0 for fiscal
2004. The compensation cost reflects $20,000 of cash
compensation due, but not yet paid, to our executive officers
under their employment agreements from the agreements
effective date, December 15, 2005, through the end of 2005.
The remaining $180,000 reflects non-cash, stock-based
compensation awarded to our executive officers pursuant to their
employment agreements.
Prior to the closing of the merger with Trinity in December
2005, we did not have any employees. Free Bulkers, as our ship
manager, was responsible for performing all services relating to
the operations of our vessels.
57
FINANCING COSTS Our financing costs for
fiscal 2005, were $1,076,000, as compared to $240,000 for fiscal
2004. Our financing costs represent the fees incurred and
interest paid in connection with the bank loans for our vessels.
The increase in financing costs resulted primarily from the
payment of interest for 12 months on the loans on the M/V
Free Destiny and the M/V Free Envoy, as compared
to payment of interest for only four and three months,
respectively, in fiscal 2004, the additional financing cost
associated with the loan obtained to purchase the M/V Free
Fighter in fiscal 2005, and the financing cost associated
with the refinancing of the original loan on the M/V Free
Destiny.
NET INCOME Net income for fiscal 2005 was
$152,000 as compared to $470,000 for fiscal 2004. Net income
decreased primarily as a result of the additional expenses
involved in operating two of our vessels for a full
12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared to three and four
months, respectively, in fiscal 2004 as well as the addition of
a new vessel in fiscal 2005. The increase in expenses was
partially offset by an increase in revenue resulting from an
increase in the number of available days in fiscal 2005.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of funds have been equity provided by our
shareholders, operating cash flows and long-term borrowings. Our
principal use of funds has been capital expenditures to acquire
and maintain our fleet, comply with international shipping
standards and environmental laws and regulations, fund working
capital requirements and make principal repayments on
outstanding loan facilities. We expect to rely upon operating
cash flows, long-term borrowings, and the working capital
available to us, as well as possible future equity financings,
to implement our growth plan. In addition, to the extent that
the options and warrants currently issued are subsequently
exercised, the proceeds from those exercises would provide us
with additional funds.
Based on current market conditions, we believe that our current
cash balance as well as operating cash flows will be sufficient
to meet our liquidity needs for our existing vessels for the
next 18 months, as well as the additional vessel we are
currently under contract to purchase (as described in
Note 16 to our interim financial statements).
On April 27, 2007, we sold the M/V Free Fighter for
gross proceeds of $11,075,000 and from the $10,606,000 in net
proceeds we repaid $4,485,000 outstanding under loans with First
Business Bank.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers from non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price
of $114,000,000. In accordance with the memoranda of agreement,
we made deposits to the respective sellers of the above four
vessels. We obtained the funds for the deposits from a draw down
of the $14,000,000 unsecured shareholder loan as of
June 30, 2007 described below in Long-Term
Debt and from our cash on hand, primarily from the
proceeds of the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April
2007. The acquisition of two of these vessels was subsequently
cancelled on July 27, 2007 and the related deposits were
refunded to us. The M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter were purchased on July 3, 2007 and
September 5, 2007, respectively, for the purchase prices of
$25,250,000 and $47,000,000, respectively, as per the terms of
their respective agreements. In substitution of the cancelled
vessels, we have identified a new vessel, the M/V Free
Goddess, of similar tonnage and expected return
characteristics as the cancelled vessels. On August 20,
2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement with another
unrelated party pursuant to which we will purchase the M/V
Free Goddess for the purchase price of $25,200,000, with
expected delivery during October 2007. On August 25, 2007,
we provided the seller with a deposit of $2,520,000.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter on July 3, 2007 and September 5, 2007,
respectively, and paid the remaining balance of the respective
purchase prices, net of the deposit paid, from cash on hand from
operations and funds obtained from the following credit
facilities available to us: (i) a $68,000,000 senior
secured loan from HSH Nordbank AG; (ii) a $21,500,000
junior loan from BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the
Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining
$8,500,000 of the $14,000,000 unsecured shareholder loan
(which was drawn down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further
below); and (iv) an overdraft credit facility of $4,000,000
available from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. See
Note 16 to our interim financial statements for detailed
information regarding the amounts used from each source.
58
We intend to pay the remaining balance of the purchase price of
the M/V Free Goddess, net of deposits, by utilizing
$20,473,000 available under the existing facilities described
above and $2,207,000 from available cash from operations.
If we do acquire additional vessels in the future beyond the
near-term acquisitions we seek to complete, then we will rely on
funds drawn from our existing or new debt facilities, our
working capital, proceeds from possible future equity offerings,
and revenues from operations to meet our liquidity needs going
forward.
The M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free Envoy and the
M/V Free Fighter, the three Handysize drybulk carriers we
owned during fiscal 2006, were 24, 22, and 24 years old,
respectively. For financial statement purposes, we used an
estimated useful life of 27 years for each vessel. However,
economics, rather than a set number of years, determines the
actual useful life of a vessel. As a vessel ages, the
maintenance costs rise particularly with respect to the cost of
surveys. So long as the revenue generated by the vessel
sufficiently exceeds its maintenance costs, the vessel will
remain in use. If the revenue generated or expected future
revenue does not sufficiently exceed the maintenance costs, or
if the maintenance costs exceed the revenue generated or
expected future revenue, then the vessel owner usually sells the
vessel for scrap.
The M/V Free Destiny, which is 25 years old, is
currently undergoing its scheduled dry-dock and special survey.
The next special survey of the M/V Free Envoy is
scheduled to occur at the end of August 2008, when the vessel
will be 24 years old. If those special surveys do not
require us to make extensive capital outlays to keep the vessels
operating, then the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V Free
Envoy should continue in use for approximately another two
and one-half years, after their respective special
surveys. The M/V Free Fighter underwent her regularly
scheduled fifth special survey and dry-docking in November and
December 2006. Based on the fifth special survey and
dry-docking, during the six months ended June 30, 2007, the
estimated useful life of the M/V Free Fighter was changed
to 30 years.
Our business is capital intensive and our future success will
depend on our ability to maintain a high-quality fleet through
the timely acquisition of additional vessels and the possible
sale of selected vessels. Such acquisitions will be principally
subject to managements expectation of future market
conditions as well as our ability to acquire drybulk carriers on
favorable terms.
Cash
Flows
OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net cash from operating
activities totaled $1,078,000 during fiscal 2006 as compared to
$5,724,000 in fiscal 2005 and $1,246,000 in fiscal 2004. The
decrease in net cash from operating activities from fiscal 2005
to fiscal 2006 resulted primarily from a decrease in charter
revenue during the first quarter of 2006 resulting from a weaker
charter market and the M/V Free Fighter being out of
service for its special survey and an increase in dry-docking
and special survey cost and general and administrative expenses
resulting from being a public reporting company. Net cash from
operating activities increased by $2,195,000 for the six months
ended June 30, 2007 compared to the six months ended
June 30, 2006. This increase is primarily the result of an
increase in charter revenues.
INVESTING ACTIVITIES We did not use any cash
in investing activities during fiscal 2006, as compared to
$10,813,000 for fiscal 2005 and $17,460,000 for fiscal 2004. We
used cash in investing activities during fiscal 2005 and fiscal
2004 to purchase vessels. We used $794,000 of cash in investing
activities during the six months ended June 30, 2007 as
compared to no cash used in investing activities during the
comparable period in 2006. The increase was primarily a result
of the deposits placed for the purchases of the M/V Free Hero
and the M/V Free Jupiter, and the anticipated
purchases of two additional vessels that were subsequently
cancelled (see Note 16 to our interim financial statements)
which was offset by the proceeds received from the sale of the
M/V Free Fighter.
FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net cash used in
financing activities in fiscal 2006 was $3,991,000, which
primarily reflects payments of $8,250,000 of long-term debt
offset by the proceeds of borrowings and the movement of a bank
overdraft of $4,330,000. Net cash provided by financing
activities in fiscal 2005 was $7,913,000, which primarily
reflects borrowings of $14,916,000 from unaffiliated banks and
shareholders and $5,901,000 from the issuance of common stock
offset by the repayment of $12,266,000 of borrowings. Net
59
cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2004 was
$16,675,000, which primarily reflects borrowings of $14,675,000
from unaffiliated banks and shareholders, $2,966,000 in
shareholder contributions and $600,000 in shareholder advances
offset by the repayment of $1,418,000 of borrowings. Net cash
from financing activities during the six months ended
June 30, 2007 was $6,190,000 as compared to net cash used
in financing activities of $2,420,000 for the six months ended
June 30, 2006. The net cash from financing activities
during the six months ended June 30, 2007 includes
$14,000,000 of proceeds from a shareholder loan, $2,470,000 in
proceeds from the draw down of a loan with First Business Bank
offset by the payments of $2,000,000 of short term debt,
$5,800,000 of long term debt, $750,000 of shareholders
loans and $1,730,000 of deferred financing cost incurred in
connection with securing the availability of financing sources
for the acquisition of new vessels.
Capital
Requirements
On May 1, 2007, we, through our wholly owned subsidiaries,
entered into memoranda of agreement to acquire the M/V Free
Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter. We took delivery of
the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter on
July 3, 2007 and September 5, 2007, respectively.
On August 20, 2007, we entered into a memorandum of
agreement pursuant to which we agreed to purchase a secondhand
drybulk carrier, the M/V Free Goddess, from an
unaffiliated third party for a purchase price of $25,200,000. We
expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Goddess in late
October 2007.
The M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter were
acquired for a total price of $72,250,000 from non-affiliated
parties. The M/V Free Goddess will be acquired for a
total price of $25,200,000 from non-affiliated parties. The
acquisition of the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter was, and the acquisition of the M/V Free Goddess
will be, financed through a combination of bank debt
available for this purpose, a shareholder loan and our available
cash on hand as previously discussed. Please see
Liquidity and Capital Resources and
Business Loans for Vessels for more
information about these pending acquisitions and the related
financing.
Long-Term
Debt
Our subsidiaries have obtained financing from unaffiliated
lenders for their vessels.
Adventure Two owns the M/V Free Destiny subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$3,700,000 from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. The loan
bears interest at 1.95% above LIBOR, matures in 2008, and is
payable in eight quarterly installments of $75,000 each
beginning December 27, 2005, followed by one quarterly
installment of $100,000, two quarterly installments of $500,000
each, and a balloon payment of $2,000,000 in 2008. The loan is
secured by a first preferred mortgage on the vessel, our
guarantee of $500,000 of the principal amount plus interest and
costs, joint and several liability of Adventure Three, and
pledges of (1) the rights and earnings under time charter
contracts present or future, (2) rights under insurance
policies and (3) goods and documents of title that may come
into the banks possession for the benefit of Adventure Two.
Adventure Three owns the M/V Free Envoy subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$6,000,000 from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. The loan
was amended in September 2005, pursuant to which the interest
was reduced to 1.95% above LIBOR. The loan matures in December
2007, and is payable in 12 quarterly installments of $425,000
each commencing December 2005 with a balloon payment of $900,000
at final maturity. The loan is secured by a first preferred
mortgage on the vessel, our guarantee of $500,000 of the
principal amount plus interest and costs and pledges of
(1) the rights and earnings under time charter contracts
present or future, (2) rights under insurance policies and
(3) goods and documents of title that may come into the
banks possession for the benefit of Adventure Three. In
June 2006, we borrowed an additional $2,000,000 from Hollandsche
Bank Unie, which amounts were also secured by the
M/V Free Envoy and were used to pay principal and
interest due to Egnatia Bank, S.A. under its loan to Adventure
Four. On January 12, 2007, the additional $2,000,000
borrowed from Hollandsche Bank Unie was paid off
from the proceeds of a loan.
60
Adventure Four owned the M/V Free Fighter subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$4,800,000 from First Business Bank, the outstanding amount of
$4,485,000 of which was repaid in April 2007 in connection with
the sale of the M/V Free Fighter.
Each of the loan agreements also includes affirmative and
negative covenants of the subsidiaries, such as maintenance of
operating accounts, minimum cash deposits and minimum market
values. Each subsidiary is restricted under its respective loan
agreement from incurring additional indebtedness, changing the
vessels flags and distributing earnings without the prior
written consent of the lenders.
We also had outstanding, as of June 30, 2007, two
interest-free loans from our former principal shareholders with
an aggregate principal balance, net of discount which results
from accounting for the loans at their fair value, of
$1,864,000, the proceeds of which were used in previous years to
acquire our vessels. These loans were modified in April 2005 and
October 2005 to provide for a repayment schedule for each loan
of eight equal quarterly installments of $125,000 each in 2006
and 2007, commencing on March 31, 2006, with a balloon
payment of the balance due on each loan on January 1, 2008.
Additionally, the amended terms provide that the loans will
become immediately due and payable in the event that we raise
additional capital of at least $12,500,000. Before these
modifications, the loans were repayable from time to time based
on our available cash flow, and matured on the earlier of the
sale date of the applicable vessel or December 31, 2006. On
January 5, 2007, the shareholder loans due to one of our
former shareholders were sold to The Midas Touch, S.A., a
company controlled by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman,
chief executive officer and president and one of our principal
shareholders, for the principal amount then outstanding. The
Midas Touch subsequently sold a portion of this loan to FS
Holdings Limited, also one of our principal shareholders.
We have financed a portion of the purchase price of the M/V
Free Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter, and intend to
partially finance the M/V Free Goddess and any vessels
that we may acquire in the near future. In this regard, with
respect to our initial agreement to purchase four secondhand
drybulk carriers in May 2007, we received a loan commitment from
HSH Nordbank AG and BTMU Capital Corporation with respect to
senior and junior loan facilities of approximately $89,500,000.
HSH Nordbank AG has agreed to make these facilities available to
acquire suitable replacement vessels for two of the cancelled
vessels originally contracted for purchase in May 2007, and in
fact did so in connection with the pending purchase of the
M/V Free
Goddess. Our ability to borrow any undrawn portion of the
aggregate $89,500,000 commitment amount under the HSH Nordbank
AG and BTMU Capital Corporation loans will terminate on
January 15, 2008. We have also amended our existing credit
agreement with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. to provide
for an additional $4,000,000 overdraft facility. As of
June 30, 2007, we had also obtained a $14,000,000 principal
amount
non-amortizing,
unsecured loan from FS Holdings Limited, one of our principal
shareholders.
We have notified HSH Nordbank AG, the agent and the senior
lender for the loan facility to acquire the M/V Free
Jupiter, of the grounding incident on September 21,
2007 involving the M/V Free Jupiter and the successful
re-floating of the vessel. HSH Nordbank AG has requested further
updates as the repairs progress, which we have provided and will
continue to provide. As of the date of this prospectus, we have
remained current on all payments due under our HSH Nordbank AG
and BTMU Capital Corporation facilities related to the
acquisition of this vessel and we believe that we remain in
compliance with all of our loan covenants.
HSH Nordbank AG Loan. On June 27, 2007,
we, through our subsidiaries, Adventure Five S.A., Adventure Six
S.A., Adventure Seven S.A. and Adventure Eight S.A, entered into
a senior loan agreement with HSH Nordbank AG that provides for
borrowings of up $68,000,000 for the purpose of financing part
of the cost of the M/V Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter
and two other specified secondhand drybulk carriers. The
aggregate amount of the loan may not exceed the lower of
(1) $67,000,000, (2) 59% of the aggregate market value
of certain specified ships and (3) such amount that when
added to the amount drawn down under the BTMU Capital
Corporation junior loan will not exceed $88,500,000. The amount
of the loan may be increased, depending on our aggregate charter
rates and other terms of our charters, so as not to exceed the
lower of (1) $68,000,000, (2) 59% of the aggregate
market value of certain specified ships and (3) such amount
that when added to the amount drawn down under the BTMU Capital
Corporation junior loan will not exceed $89,500,000. Our ability
to borrow any undrawn portion of the $68,000,000 commitment
amount under the loan will terminate on January 15, 2008.
The loan agreement provides for the payment of interest in
61
respect of one month, three month or six month interest periods.
Amounts drawn under the loan agreement generally bear interest
at an annual rate of LIBOR for the interest period plus 1.5% per
annum, provided that the margin decreases to 1.3% per annum
after the prepayment of the loan following a successful offering
(as defined in the loan agreement), and certain mandatory costs.
The loan is payable in 32 installments. Assuming the loan is
drawn down in full, the amount of each of the first to eighth
installments would be $3,125,000, the amount of each of the
ninth to twelfth installments would be $2,250,000, the amount of
each of the thirteenth to thirty-first installments would be
$1,000,000 and the amount of the final installment would be
between $14,000,000 and $15,000,000. The amount of the
installments will be proportionately reduced if we drawdown less
than the full amount available under the loan. The amount of the
installments will also be reduced following prepayment of a
portion of the loan following the offering. The loan agreement
provides for the mandatory prepayment of the BTMU Capital
Corporation junior loan and a portion of the HSH Nordbank AG
senior loan following the offering. Amounts drawn under the loan
agreement will be secured by, among other things, a first
priority mortgage on the applicable vessel, a corporate
guarantee and certain account pledges. The loan agreement also
requires that we enter into interest rate swaps or other
derivative transactions to ensure that a part of the loan is
hedged against interest rate fluctuations.
BTMU Capital Corporation Loan. On
June 27, 2007, we, through our subsidiaries, Adventure Five
S.A., Adventure Six S.A., Adventure Seven S.A and Adventure
Eight S.A, entered into a junior loan agreement with BTMU
Capital Corporation that provides for borrowings of up
$21,500,000 for the purpose of financing part of the cost of the
M/V Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter and two other
specified secondhand drybulk carriers. The aggregate amount of
the loan may not exceed the lower of (1) $21,500,000,
(2) 80% of the aggregate market value of certain specified
ships and (3) such amount that when added to the amount
drawn down under the HSH Nordbank AG senior loan will not exceed
$89,500,000. Our ability to borrow any undrawn portion of the
$21,500,000 commitment amount under the loan will terminate on
January 15, 2008. The loan agreement provides for the
payment of interest in respect of one month, three month or six
month interest periods. Amounts drawn under the loan agreement
generally bear interest at an annual rate of LIBOR for the
interest period plus 2.75% per annum, provided that the margin
increases to 3.50% per annum on June 27, 2008 and 4.25% per
annum on June 27, 2009. The loan is due no later than
June 27, 2010, provided, however, that the loan agreement
provides that we will prepay an amount of the loan from the
proceeds of the offering equal to the lower of (1) the
total amount of the loan outstanding and (2) the offering
proceeds. Amounts drawn under the loan agreement will be secured
by, among other things, a second priority mortgage on the
applicable vessel financed under the loan, a second priority
mortgage on each of the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V
Free Envoy, a corporate guarantee and certain second
priority account pledges.
FS Holdings Limited Loan. On May 7, 2007,
FS Holdings Limited, one of our principal shareholders, agreed
to loan us up to $14,000,000 pursuant to an unsecured promissory
note for the purpose of financing the acquisition of four new
vessels (including the M/V Free Hero). The loan has been
fully drawn. The note accrues interest on the then-outstanding
principal balance at the annual rate of 12.0%, payable upon
maturity of the loan. The loan is due at the earlier of
(i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a Capital
Event, which is defined as any event in which we raise
gross proceeds of not less than $40,000,000 in an offering of
our common stock or other equity securities or securities
convertible into or exchangeable for our equity securities or
(iii) the date of acceleration due to default of the
amounts due under the note. The loan is prepayable by us, upon
30 days prior written notice to FS Holdings Limited,
in whole or in part, in increments of not less than $500,000.
Additionally, we have agreed to issue to FS Holdings Limited,
for every $1,000,000 drawn under the loan, 50,000 warrants to
purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of
$5.00 per share. Each warrant is exercisable to purchase one
share of our common stock. We have issued 700,000 warrants to
acquire shares of our common stock pursuant to this loan.
Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. Credit
Facility. We have renegotiated our credit
agreement with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. to provide
for an additional $4,000,000 overdraft facility. Our borrowing
limit under this new portion of the overdraft facility will be
reduced to zero on June 1, 2008. The amended credit
agreement also provides that this $4,000,000 overdraft facility
will be repaid from the proceeds of a private placement or a
public offering of equity securities. The maturity date of the
facility may be extended in the discretion of the bank,
depending on our financial condition. The security for this
facility includes,
62
(i) mortgages on the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V
Free Envoy, (ii) pledges of rights and earnings
under time charter contracts, (iii) pledges of rights under
certain insurance policies and (iv) our $500,000 corporate
guarantee.
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risk
Interest
Rate Fluctuation
The international drybulk industry is a capital-intensive
industry, requiring significant amounts of investment. Much of
this investment is provided in the form of long-term debt. Our
debt usually contains interest rates that fluctuate with LIBOR.
Increasing interest rates could adversely impact future earnings.
Our interest expense is affected by changes in the general level
of interest rates. As an indication of the extent of our
sensitivity to interest rate changes, an increase of
100 basis points would have decreased our net income and
cash flows in the 2006 fiscal year by approximately $102,041
based upon our debt level during the period in 2006 during which
we had debt outstanding.
The following table sets forth the sensitivity of the loan on
the M/V Free Destiny in U.S. dollars to a
100-basis-point increase in LIBOR during 2007 and 2008 on the
same basis.
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
35,406
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
24,686
|
|
The following table sets forth the sensitivity of the loan on
the M/V Free Envoy in U.S. dollars to a
100-basis-point increase in LIBOR during 2007 and 2008 on the
same basis.
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
32,269
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Please see Liquidity and Capital
Resources and Business Loans for
Vessels for a description of these loans.
Foreign
Exchange Rate Risk
We generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars, but incur
approximately 11% of our expenses in currencies other than
U.S. dollars. For accounting purposes, expenses incurred in
Euros are converted into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of each transaction. At December 31,
2004, 2005, and 2006, approximately 34.2%, 41.8% and 43.3%,
respectively, of our outstanding accounts payable was
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar
(mainly in the Euro). As an indication of the extent of our
sensitivity to foreign exchange rate changes, an increase of 10%
in the value of other currencies against the dollar would have
decreased our net income and cash flows in the current year by
approximately $5,000 based upon the accounts payable we had
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar during
fiscal 2006.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements.
63
Contractual
Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2006 and the effect such obligations and
commitments are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow
in future periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments due by period
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
$
|
10,382
|
|
|
$
|
4,563
|
|
|
$
|
5,819
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Interest on variable rate debt
|
|
|
578
|
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total obligations
|
|
$
|
11,324
|
|
|
$
|
5,012
|
|
|
$
|
6,156
|
|
|
$
|
156
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Critical
Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of those financial
statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that
affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues
and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual
results may differ from these estimates under different
assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant
judgments or uncertainties, and potentially result in materially
different results under different assumptions and conditions. We
have described below what we believe are our most critical
accounting policies that involve a high degree of judgment and
the methods of their application.
Impairment of long-lived assets. We evaluate
the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets
are depreciated to determine if events or changes in
circumstances have occurred that would require modification to
their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful
lives and carrying values of long-lived assets, we review
certain indicators of potential impairment, such as undiscounted
projected operating cash flows, vessel sales and purchases,
business plans and overall market conditions. We determine
undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel
and compare it to the vessel carrying value. In the event that
impairment occurred, we would determine the fair value of the
related asset and we record a charge to operations calculated by
comparing the assets carrying value to the estimated fair
market value. We estimate fair market value primarily through
the use of third-party valuations performed on an individual
vessel basis.
Depreciation. We record the value of our
vessels at their cost (which includes acquisition costs directly
attributable to the vessel and expenditures made to prepare the
vessel for its initial voyage) less accumulated depreciation. We
depreciate each of our vessels on a straight-line basis over its
estimated useful life, which during fiscal 2006 was estimated to
be 27 years from date of initial delivery from the shipyard
for all of our vessels. We believe that a
27-year
depreciable life is consistent with that of other shipping
companies. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we
changed the estimated useful life for the M/V Free Fighter
to 30 years. Depreciation is based on cost less the
estimated residual scrap value. Furthermore, we estimate the
residual values of our vessels to be $250 per lightweight ton,
as of December 31, 2006, which we believe is common in the
shipping industry. Prior to July 1, 2005, we had estimated
the residual value of our vessels to be $150 per lightweight
ton. An increase in the useful life of the vessel or in the
residual value would have the effect of decreasing the annual
depreciation charge and extending it into later periods. A
decrease in the useful life of the vessel or in the residual
value would have the effect of increasing the annual
depreciation charge. See Liquidity and Capital
Resources for a discussion of the factors affecting the
actual useful lives of our vessels. However, when regulations
place limitations on the ability of a vessel to trade on a
worldwide basis, the vessels useful life is adjusted to
end at the date such regulations become effective.
Deferred dry-dock and special survey
costs. Our vessels are required to be dry-docked
approximately twice in any
60-month
period for major repairs and maintenance that cannot be
performed while the vessels
64
are operating. The vessels are required to undergo special
surveys every 60 months that occasionally coincide with
dry-docking due dates, in which case the procedures are combined
in a cost-efficient manner. We follow the deferral method of
accounting for special survey and dry-docking costs, whereby
actual costs incurred are deferred and amortized on a straight
line basis over the period through the date the next dry-docking
or special survey becomes due. If a special survey or
dry-docking is performed prior to the scheduled date, the
remaining unamortized balances are immediately written off.
Costs capitalized as part of the dry-dock include all work
required by the vessels classification societies, which
may consist of actual costs incurred at the dry-dock yard,
including but not limited to, dry-dock dues and general services
for vessel preparation, coating of water ballast tanks, cargo
holds, steelworks, piping works and valves, machinery work and
electrical work.
All work that may be carried out during dry-dock time for
routine maintenance according to our planned maintenance program
and not required by the vessels classification societies
are not capitalized but expensed as incurred. Unamortized
dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and
included in the calculation of resulting gain or loss in the
year of the vessels sale.
Accounting for revenues and expenses. Revenues
and expenses resulting from each time charter are accounted for
on an accrual basis. Time charter revenues are recognized on a
straight-line basis over the rental periods of such signed
charter agreements, as service is performed, except for loss
generating time charters, in which case the loss is recognized
in the period when such loss is determined. Time charter
revenues received in advance are recorded as a liability until
charter service is rendered.
Vessel operating expenses are accounted for on an incurred
basis. Certain vessel operating expenses payable by us are
estimated and accrued at period end.
We generally enter into profit-sharing arrangements with
charterers, whereby we may receive additional income equal to an
agreed upon percentage of net earnings earned by the charterer,
where those earnings are over the base rate of hire, to be
settled periodically, during the term of the charter agreement.
Revenues generated from profit-sharing arrangements are
recognized based on the amounts settled for a respective period.
Insurance claims. Insurance claims comprise
claims submitted
and/or
claims in the process of compilation or submission (claims
pending) relating to hull and machinery or protection and
indemnity insurance coverage. The insurance claim recoveries
receivable are recorded, net of any deductible amounts, at the
time when the fixed asset suffers the insured damages and the
damage is quantified by the insurance adjusters
preliminary report or when crew medical expenses are incurred
and management believes that recovery of an insurance claim is
probable. The non-recoverable amounts are classified as
operating expenses in our statement of operations. Probability
of recovery of a receivable is determined on the basis of the
nature of the loss or damage covered by the policy, the history
of recoverability of such claims in the past and the receipt of
the adjusters preliminary report on the quantification of
the loss. We pay the vendors involved in remedying the insured
damage, submit claim documentation and upon collection offset
the receivable. The classification of insurance claims (if any)
into current and non-current assets is based on
managements expectations as to their collection dates.
New
Accounting Policy
Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.
FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes recognized
in financial statements in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes
a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the
financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax
position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
FIN 48 requires that we determine whether the benefits of
our tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained
upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position.
The provisions of FIN 48 also provide guidance on
de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties,
accounting in interim periods,
65
and disclosure. We did not have any unrecognized tax benefits
and there was no effect on the financial condition or results of
operations as a result of implementing FIN 48.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measures. SFAS No. 157 defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and
enhances disclosures about fair value measures required under
other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing
guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair
value. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently
evaluating the impact that the adoption of
SFAS No. 157 will have on our future consolidated
financial statements.
66
THE
INTERNATIONAL DRYBULK SHIPPING INDUSTRY
The information and data in this section relating to the
international drybulk shipping industry has been provided by
Maritime Strategies International Ltd., or MSI, and is taken
from MSI databases and other sources available in the public
domain. MSI has advised us that it accurately describes the
international drybulk shipping industry, subject to the
availability and reliability of the data supporting the
statistical and graphical information presented. MSIs
methodologies for collecting information and data, and therefore
the information discussed in this section, may differ from those
of other sources, and does not reflect all or even necessarily a
comprehensive set of the actual transactions occurring in the
drybulk shipping industry.
Introduction
The global shipping industry provides seaborne transportation
for related industries on an international scale. Generally it
is divided into the following sectors: (i) bulk
shipping, which consists of drybulk vessels for the movement of
commodities such as coal and iron ore and tankers which carry
both crude oil and refined products in liquid bulk;
(ii) containerships, which carry intermediate or
manufactured goods in standardized boxes and
(iii) specialized vessels, such as gas carriers,
refrigerated cargo ships and car carriers which service a
particular niche trade.
The demand for these different sectors varies, but generally is
related to global economic growth and trading patterns between
sources of demand and supply for the industry that they serve.
In recent years all sectors of shipping have witnessed increases
in demand as a result of rapid industrialization of Asian
economies, particularly China. This has lead to a large increase
in the trade of both bulk commodities and finished/semi-finished
exports. Between
2001-2006
global trade in seaborne oil (including both crude and refined
products) has increased by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
of 5%, trade in drybulk grew with a CAGR of 6% and containerized
trade by a CAGR of 13%.
GROWTH
IN BULK AND CONTAINERIZED TRADE
Source: MSI
Note: Containerized trade includes primary port-to-port and
transshipment. Drybulk includes iron ore, coal, grain and minor
bulks.
67
At the same time strong global economic growth has seen a
continued rise in the trading volumes of specialized trade, as
shown below:
GROWTH
IN SPECIALIZED TRADE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global Trade
|
|
|
|
|
1999
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Chemicals (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101.2
|
|
|
|
107.6
|
|
|
|
112.5
|
|
|
|
117.5
|
|
|
|
122.2
|
|
|
|
125.4
|
|
|
|
134.9
|
|
|
|
144.4
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
LPG (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61.06
|
|
|
|
61.86
|
|
|
|
61.26
|
|
|
|
62.39
|
|
|
|
66.53
|
|
|
|
68.68
|
|
|
|
71.28
|
|
|
|
74.30
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
Refrigerated (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.72
|
|
|
|
22.86
|
|
|
|
23.39
|
|
|
|
23.59
|
|
|
|
24.79
|
|
|
|
25.83
|
|
|
|
26.33
|
|
|
|
26.90
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
New Cars (Mn Units)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.15
|
|
|
|
8.57
|
|
|
|
8.19
|
|
|
|
8.81
|
|
|
|
9.21
|
|
|
|
10.16
|
|
|
|
10.41
|
|
|
|
11.48
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
Source: MSI
Drybulk
Carrier Employment Demand
The international drybulk shipping industry provides seaborne
transportation of drybulk commodities for related industries.
The most important of these commodities are iron ore, coal and
grains which together account for 75% of total trade. Other key
cargoes, commonly referred to as minor bulks, include
agricultural products (e.g. fertilizers), steel products, forest
products, metals, cement and a wide range of other minerals.
Shipping companies provide seaborne transportation to customers
that include power utilities, steelmakers, grain houses,
commodity traders and government agencies. In recent years there
has been a substantial increase in the use of commodities
transported in drybulk. In 2006, the amount of cargo transported
by the industry was estimated to have exceeded 2.4 billion
metric tons - an increase of over 8% over the previous year and
almost 40% since 2000.
The amount of cargo transported in drybulk carriers is governed
by demand for the various commodities, which is affected by
international economic activity, regional imbalances between
domestic production and consumption, commodity prices and
inventories. In addition to the volume of cargo, drybulk carrier
demand is driven by the average distance required to transport
it from commodity-producing locations to commodity-consuming
destinations. Demand can be expressed in
ton-miles,
measured as the product of (a) the amount of cargo
transported and (b) the distance over which it is
transported.
The mile component is generally the most variable element of
ton-mile
demand. Seaborne trading distances for commodities are
determined principally by the location of production and their
efficient distribution for processing and consumption. For
instance, a ton of ore carried from Brazil to China generates
roughly 2 to 3 times the demand for sea transport as the same
amount of ore shipped from Australia. Trading patterns are
sensitive both to major geopolitical events and to small shifts,
imbalances and disruptions in all stages of production and
processing through to end-use. Seaborne transportation distances
are also influenced by infrastructural factors, such as the
availability of canal shortcuts and capacity at ports and
inland distribution. The following chart outlines seaborne trade
in drybulk commodities from 1980 to 2006.
68
SEABORNE
DRYBULK TRADE
Source: MSI
Seaborne drybulk trade has grown by a compound annual rate of 4%
per annum since 1980, but in the last 5 years growth has
risen to over 6% per annum. The acceleration in trade in recent
years has been driven primarily by China, whose economic growth
averaged 10.3% per annum from
2003-2006.
Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001
caused a large increase in investment funds flowing into the
country as foreign manufacturers sought to benefit from lower
wage costs and the future prospects of a large consumer market.
Chinas growth helped foster a wider rebound in the other
Asian economies, particularly Japan, Korea and Taiwan. As a
result there has been substantial growth of drybulk trade to and
from the Pacific region, for a number of key commodities.
Steel industry related trades, mainly iron ore, metallurgical
coal, finished steel and intermediate steel products, account
for about 50% of the seaborne drybulk trade. The table below
shows the main drybulk commodities and the main segments of the
drybulk carrier fleet they are transported by.
PRINCIPAL
DRYBULK TRADE AND VESSELS CARRIED BY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seaborne Trade 2006
|
|
|
Percent of Seaborne
|
|
|
Typical Drybulk Carrier
|
Commodity
|
|
(Million Tonnes)
|
|
|
Drybulk Trade
|
|
|
Carried By;
|
|
Iron ore
|
|
|
728.9
|
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Meturlurgical Coal
|
|
|
211.3
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Thermal Coal
|
|
|
579.3
|
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Grains & soybeans
|
|
|
306.3
|
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
|
Panamax, Handymax, Handysize
|
Minor Bulks
|
|
|
582.3
|
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
|
Handymax, Handysize
|
Total
|
|
|
2408.1
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
Source: MSI
69
Steel &
Iron Ore
Chinese growth has been very steel-intensive, driven by
construction and underpinned by large government infrastructure
projects. Chinese production of crude steel has increased by a
compound annual rate of 23% per annum from 2000 to 2006 to
430 million tons. The strength of Chinese steel consumption
has also contributed to an export-led revival in other steel
producing nations such as Japan and Korea.
STEEL
PRODUCTION (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2001-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
135.4
|
|
|
|
119.9
|
|
|
|
122.9
|
|
|
|
126.2
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
163.4
|
|
|
|
158.5
|
|
|
|
158.7
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
169.1
|
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
%
|
Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
98.49
|
|
|
|
99.62
|
|
|
|
101.1
|
|
|
|
106.2
|
|
|
|
113.1
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
127.2
|
|
|
|
150.9
|
|
|
|
182.2
|
|
|
|
222.4
|
|
|
|
280.5
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
430
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
106.4
|
|
|
|
102.9
|
|
|
|
107.7
|
|
|
|
110.5
|
|
|
|
112.7
|
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
98.2
|
|
|
|
100.2
|
|
|
|
104.9
|
|
|
|
109.5
|
|
|
|
116.8
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
118.6
|
|
|
|
118.5
|
|
|
|
126.3
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
142.4
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
|
970
|
|
|
|
1069
|
|
|
|
1139
|
|
|
|
1252
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
Source: IISI/MSI
Although China has vast domestic reserves of both iron ore and
coking (or metallurgical) coal, its domestic reserves of iron
ore are poor in quality (i.e. low in iron content) and are
normally mixed with high quality imported ore. As a result, the
rapid development of steel production has had a significant
impact on Chinese iron ore imports, which have grown by a
compound annual rate of nearly 30% per annum over the last
6 years.
IRON
ORE IMPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
326
|
|
|
|
29.2
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
Source: UNCTAD/MSI
Australia and Brazil together account for nearly two thirds of
global iron ore exports. Although both Australia and Brazil have
seen strong demand from China, Australia continues to benefit
the most, accounting for 40% of total Chinese iron ore imports
in 2006. However, although Brazilian iron ore exports to China
account for a smaller percentage of the total (23% in 2006), the
contribution to
ton-mile
demand has been greater due to the greater distances between
origin and destination. In 2006 Brazils exports to China
grew by 40% to 76 million metric tons, or MnT, while
Australias only grew by 13%, hence there was a larger
increase in ton mile demand than the individual Chinese import
number would suggest. India is another major exporter of iron
ore, accounting for 23% of Chinese imports in 2006. Unlike
Australia and Brazil who tend to export primarily in the larger
Capesize vessels, much of Indias exports are in the
smaller Panamax and Handymax vessel sizes.
70
IRON
ORE EXPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Australia
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
174
|
|
|
|
197
|
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
|
248
|
|
|
|
7.0
|
%
|
Brazil
|
|
|
160
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
170
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
India
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
18.2
|
%
|
Africa
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
Source: UNCTAD/MSI
Coal
Asias rapid industrial development has also contributed to
strong demand for coal, which accounted for 37% of the total
growth of seaborne bulk trade between 2000 and 2006. Coal is
usually divided into two categories: thermal coal (or steam
coal), used in power stations, and metallurgical coal (coking
coal) used as an input by the steel industry.
Expansion in air-conditioned office and factory space, along
with industrial use, has raised demand for electricity, of which
nearly half is generated from coal-fired plants, thus increasing
demand for thermal coal. In addition, Japans domestic
nuclear power generating industry has suffered from safety
problems in recent years, resulting in the temporary closure of
a number of nuclear power reactors and leading to increased
demand for oil, gas and coal-fired power generation. Furthermore
the high cost of oil and gas has lead to increasing development
of coal fired electricity plants across the world, especially in
Asia. Thermal coal represents the majority of the total coal
trade (73% in 2006) and by itself accounted for 31% of the
growth of total seaborne drybulk trade between 2000 and 2006.
Metallurgical, or coking coal, accounted for 9% of seaborne
trade in 2006. Future prospects are heavily tied to the steel
industry. It is used within the blast furnace to impart its
carbon into the iron, giving the final steel product more
strength and flexibility. Because coking coal is of higher
quality than thermal coal (i.e. more carbon and less
impurities), its price is higher and its trade more volatile.
COAL
IMPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
|
|
166
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
24.8
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
|
348
|
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Source: McCloskeys/MSI
Australia is the worlds dominant exporter of coal,
accounting for 27% of global exports in 2006. However, Indonesia
has increased its exports in recent years, becoming a good
source for business for Panamax and Handymax vessels. Growth in
Indonesian exports has been very strong with a compound annual
growth of 20.8% between 2000 and 2006.
71
COAL
EXPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
84
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Colombia
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
South Africa
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
20.8
|
%
|
Australia
|
|
|
187
|
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
|
228
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
Poland
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
114
|
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Source: MSI/McCloskeys
Grains
Wheat and coarse grains are primarily used for direct human
consumption or as feed for livestock. International trade in
grains fluctuates considerably, as price volatility, government
interventionism and weather conditions strongly impact trade
volumes. In 2006, adverse weather impacted wheat and corn
harvests in many of the worlds major growing regions and
production fell roughly 2% from 2005, causing world exports to
fall an estimated 3%. However, soybean trade has risen rapidly
in recent years as demand for animal feed and vegetable oil has
increased. Despite the recent declines in trade volumes, demand
growth for wheat and course grains is fundamentally linked in
the long term to population growth and rising per capita income.
With Asia experiencing rapid economic growth and increasing
standards of living, it is expected that meat consumption will
increase, leading to rising demand for animal feed.
WHEAT
AND COARSE GRAIN IMPORTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Latin America
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
Europe/Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Africa
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
Middle East
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
202
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
214
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
Source: USDA/MSI
International trade in grains is dominated by 4 key exporting
regions: (i) North America, (ii) Latin America,
(iii) Oceania and (iv) Europe, including the Former
Soviet Union, which together account for over 90% of global
exports. Large importers are typically North Africa (Egypt), the
Middle East, and more recently, India.
72
WHEAT
AND COARSE GRAIN EXPORTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
Latin America
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
Europe/Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
Oceania
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
Source: USDA/MSI
Minor
Bulks
Trade in minor bulks constituted approximately 24% of total
seaborne trade for drybulk carriers in 2006. The table below
shows that compound annual growth for all minor bulks was 4.2%,
but those related to the steel and construction industries have
grown even faster. Steel scrap trade has grown the fastest as
scrap is the key input for steel makers using the electric
arc furnace means of production. The trade for these minor
bulks is geographically widespread but the Middle East has been
a key importer of construction inputs in recent years.
SEABORNE
TRADE IN SELECTED MINOR BULKS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Steel Scrap
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
Steel Products
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
234
|
|
|
|
238
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
Cement
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Bauxite
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
6.2
|
%
|
Total Minor Bulks
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
%
|
Source: MSI
Drybulk
Carrier Supply
The supply of drybulk shipping capacity is measured by the
amount of suitable deadweight tons available to transport cargo.
This depends on the aggregate tons of the existing world fleet,
deliveries of newbuildings, scrapping of older vessels, and the
number of vessels undergoing maintenance, repairs, inspection,
or otherwise unavailable for use. The decision to order
newbuildings or scrap older vessels is influenced by many
factors, including prevailing and expected charter rates,
newbuilding and scrap prices, and availability of delivery dates
and government and industry regulation of seaborne
transportation practices.
Port and inland infrastructure developments in key load and
discharge areas (particularly for iron ore and coal) have
struggled to keep pace with strong growth in seaborne trade of
drybulk commodities from 2003 to 2006. This has resulted in
escalating port congestion and increased the time spent by
vessels waiting to berth. As the time required to complete a
single vessel voyage has increased, the number of vessels
required has also risen, contributing to higher freight rates.
Newbuildings
In general, it takes from 18 to 36 months from the date of
placing a newbuilding contract to the date a shipowner takes
delivery of the vessel. During the last three to four years, the
high levels of vessel orders have resulted in an average
delivery lag of about three years and in some instances even
longer. Vessels are constructed at shipyards of varying size and
technical sophistication. Bulk carriers are generally considered
to
73
be the least technically sophisticated vessels (although there
are many clear exceptions to this rule) and as such tend to be
those where the shipyards can extract the smallest margin for
their construction.
As of June 2007, the total drybulk orderbook stood at
124.6 million tons representing 34% of the existing fleet.
The existing orderbook is expected to be delivered over the next
3-4 years.
Scrapping
Scrapping is a function of the freight market and the size of
the fleet which is over-aged, usually considered to
include vessels 25 years or older. The scrap age of a
vessel also depends on its size, as the scrap age of smaller
vessels like Handysize and Handymax carriers tends to be higher
than the scrap age of larger vessels like Capesize carriers. At
times of high freight rates, scrapping is typically decreased
since shipowners prefer to extend the useful life of their
vessels. Scrapping is carried out by teams of breakers with
blow-torches, oxy-acetylene steel cutters and other tools once
the vessel has been purposefully beached. The graph below shows
that in recent years the average age at which vessels are
scrapped has increased dramatically. It also shows that smaller
vessels tend to have considerably longer useful lives.
AVERAGE
AGE OF VESSELS SCRAPPED
Source: LR Fairplay/MSI
Freight
Rates and Vessel Earnings
Freight is the primary source of revenue to a shipping company.
Freight is paid when a customer charters a vessel for a
specified period of time or to carry a specific cargo. The
freight rate of transporting drybulk commodities can be volatile
and is related to demand for and supply of drybulk carriers. The
charter market is highly competitive as shipping companies
compete on the offered freight rate, the location, technical
specification and quality of the vessel and the reputation of
the vessels manager. Typically, the contractual agreement
between the shipping company and the customer, known as
charterparty, is based on standard industry terms.
A vessel is usually chartered under a voyage charter or a time
charter. A voyage charter is a contract to carry a specific
cargo between two ports for an agreed rate per ton of cargo
carried. Under voyage charters, the shipowner pays voyage
expenses such as port, canal and fuel costs. A time charter is a
contract to charter
74
a vessel for an agreed period of time at a set daily rate. Under
time charters, the charterer pays for the voyage expenses and
decides what ports the vessel should go. A spot charter is a
voyage charter or a time charter that is fixed for just one
trip. A period charter is a longer term time charter. A vessel
can also carry cargoes on behalf of its own owner, like in the
case of a steel mill, or, in case its owner has secured a cargo
transportation contract (Contract of Affreightment,
or, COA).
The costs of running a drybulk carrier are typically broken down
into operating and capital costs.
Operating costs are concerned with the day-to-day operations of
the vessel typically crewing, lubes and stores,
repair and maintenance, insurance and administration. Under
voyage charters, the shipowner pays all operating costs, whereas
under time charters the charterer pays for some or all of these
costs. Capital costs are the repayments on the mortgage, loan,
or other financial structure under which the vessel was
purchased. These are entirely borne by the shipowner. The
average operating and capital cost floor tends to
influence freight rates in the industry all other
things being equal, a higher cost floor will lead to higher
freight rates. As purchase prices of drybulk carriers have
increased in recent years, so have capital costs and hence the
cost floor for freight rates.
Vessel
Values
Newbuilding
Prices
The price of newbuildings is lin